vocab

Question 0

the study and the analysis of the social organization of living peoples

Answer 0

social anthropology

Question 1

the study of cultures of living peoples

Answer 1

cultural anthropology

Question 2

the study of the evolution of humankind, including the comparison of human genetic characteristics with those of apes, gorillas and chimpanzees

Answer 2

physical anthropology

Question 3

beliefs and behaviours that are transmitted from generation to generation

Answer 3

culture

Question 4

studies of the culture and traditions of distinct peoples

Answer 4

ethnographic studies

Question 5

a true or fictional story that recounts supernatural events that are significant to members of a culture

Answer 5

myth

Question 6

relationships among members of a social group that are based on members’ descent from common ancestors

Answer 6

kinship

Question 7

the anthropological method of study where a researcher lives with a cultural group for an extended period of tine to obtain an insider’s understanding of the group

Answer 7

participant observation

Question 8

the idea originated by bronisław malinowski that all institutions are designed and modified to meet the needs of the majority

Answer 8

functional theory

Question 9

the now largely discounted belief of early anthropologists that all societies and cultures evolve through a series of predictable stages

Answer 9

cultural evolutionism

Question 10

the belief of early anthropologists, now largely discounted, that civilization developed in a single place on earth and then spread to all others, sometimes in a deteriorated form

Answer 10

cultural diffusion

Question 11

member of the mammal group with the most developed brains, such as human, ape, gorilla or chimpanzee

Answer 11

primate

Question 12

the school of psychology founded by sigmund freud in which hypnosis and dream analysis is used to study a person’s unconscious mind

Answer 12

psychoanalysis

Question 13

the school of psychology originating with John Watson and others that has as its goal the prediction and control of human behaviour

Answer 13

behavioural psychology

Question 14

the branch of psychology that studies how people perceive and deal with their environments, as well as how they learn, remember and forget

Answer 14

cognitive psychology

Question 15

term used by sigmund Freud for the part of our minds containing memories that we can recall

Answer 15

conscious mind

Question 16

term used by sf for the part of our minds of which we are unaware but which Freud believed is responsible for most of our behaviour

Answer 16

unconscious mind

Question 17

technique originated by sf in which a subject matches a pair or words to enable a therapist to gain entry into the subject’s unconscious mind

Answer 17

free association

Question 18

term used by sigmund Freud for the pleasure seeking, often self destructive part of the unconscious mind

Answer 18

id

Question 19

term used by Freud for the part of the unconscious mind that encourages us to do good things; most closely linked to our sense of self

Answer 19

ego

Question 20

term used by Freud for the part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience, a referee between I’d and ego

Answer 20

superego

Question 21

the study and medical treatment of mental disorders

Answer 21

psychiatry

Question 22

system of therapy originated by Adler that focuses more on people’s conscious minds than their unconscious minds; he assumed that people are normally aware of the goals and values that motivate them

Answer 22

individual psychology

Question 23

term used by alfred adler for normal feelings of human inferiority that, in extreme circumstances, lead to the inability to function normally

Answer 23

inferiority complex

Question 24

the branch of psychology founded by carl jung that, in opposition to psychoanalysis, regards sexuality as only one of many factors influencing human behaviour

Answer 24

analytical psychology

Question 25

the term used by carl jung to describe an emotionally self-sufficient person who does not encourage a large number of close associations with others and who draws strength or energy from his or her inner life

Answer 25

introvert

Question 26

the term used by carl jung for a person who seeks a large number of close associations with others and who draws strength or energy from these associations

Answer 26

extrovert

Question 27

the branch of sociology that studies society as a whole and analyzes how the parts of society should work to achieve stability and well-being for all members

Answer 27

functionalist school

Question 28

the branch of sociology, or theory, based on the work of Karl Marx, that studies how humans compete for scarce resources; two of the key resources examined are power and control in society

Answer 28

conflict school

Question 29

the branch of sociology that focuses on the beliefs and actions of individuals and the meaning that individuals give to their beliefs and actions

Answer 29

symbolic interactionist school

Question 30

term originated by auguste comte for the study of forces that give a society stability, such as customs, institutions and laws

Answer 30

social statics

Question 31

term originated by auguste comte for the study of forces that result in a change within society such as war, revolution, economic growth and catastrophe

Answer 31

social dynamics

Question 32

the term originating in august comte's work for the belief that society can only be understood by rigidly applying the scientific method of analysis

Answer 32

positivism

Question 33

as used by auguste comte, the belief that a society has a natural tendency to fins a balance between forces of change and forces of stability

Answer 33

equilibrium

Question 34

the term originated by émile durkheim for suicide that is caused by an individual's not sharing any of the major values or goals of society

Answer 34

egoistic suicide

Question 35

term originated by éd for suicide that occurs when people knowingly enter an impossible situation and sacrifice their lives for another

Answer 35

altruistic suicide

Question 36

term originated by éd for suicide caused by an individual's being overwhelmed by a sudden change in society

Answer 36

anomic suicide

Question 37

concept originated by karl marx for struggle between powerful and powerless groups in society

Answer 37

class conflict

Question 38

term used by km for the rich and powerful groups in society who own factories, land and machinery

Answer 38

bourgeoisie

Question 39

term used by km for the poor and powerless groups in society who survive by selling their labour

Answer 39

proletariat

Question 40

characteristics that can be observed in every human culture and society such as ethics, gestures and superstitions

Answer 40

universals

Question 41

the different ways in which girls and boys are socialized, or learn to belong in society

Answer 41

gender socialization