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EMT Training > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal quadrants

A

4 divisions used to locate pain or injury
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

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2
Q

Anatomícele position

A

Standard reference position for the body in study of anatomy

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3
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body or body part

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4
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from the torso

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body or back of the hand/foot

Synonym for posterior

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6
Q

Fowler position

A

Sitting position

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7
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head

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8
Q

Lateral

A

To slide away from the midline of the body

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9
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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10
Q

Midaxillary line

A

A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

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11
Q

Midclavicular line

A

The line through the center or each clavicle

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12
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body function

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13
Q

Posterior

A

The back of the body or body part

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the torso

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15
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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16
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

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17
Q

Ventral

A

Referring to the front of the body

Synonym for anterior

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18
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

(Heart rate + stoke volume)

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19
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating, condition of cool, pale and moist /sweaty skin

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21
Q

Edema

A

Swelling associated with the movement of water into interstitial space

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22
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

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23
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

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24
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.

Also called shock

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25
Q

Minute volume

A

The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

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26
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

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27
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the dells and tissues of the body

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28
Q

Plasma oncotic pressure

A

The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream

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29
Q

Stretch receptors

A

Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

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30
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

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31
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air moved in one cycle of breathing

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32
Q

Lateral recumbent or recovery position

A

Lying on the side

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33
Q

Inhalation process

A

Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract —- diaphragm lowers and the ribs move upward and outward

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34
Q

Exhalation process

A

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax — ribs move downward and inward while the diaphragm rises

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35
Q

Vena cava

Super and inferior

A

Two large veins that return blood to the heart into the right atrium

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36
Q

Perfusion

A

The adequate supply of oxygen nutrients to the cells of the body with the removal of waste products

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37
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin, regulates sugar in the bloodstream

38
Q

Hypovolemic shock

(Hypovolemia)

A

Low blood volume - blood is lost from the cardiovascular system (severe bleeding)
Or blood lost from dehydration

39
Q

Distributive shock

A

Blood vessel tone is lost - anaphylaxis or sepsis will dilate blood vessels and system pressure is reduced
Causing hypoperfusion

40
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

The heart fails in its ability to pump blood

Myocardial infarction or trauma can lead to dysrhythmia or damage to the heart muscle itself.

41
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Blood physically prevented from flowing in conditions such as tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and pulmonary embolism. Blood prevented from reaching essential organs and vital organs

42
Q

Decompensated shock

A

Commonly characterized by decreased blood pressure and altered mental status

43
Q

Hypersensitivity

Allergic reaction

A

Exaggerated immune response

44
Q

Diaphoresis

(Sweating)

A

Pale skin that is cool and moist to the touch

45
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

46
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

Typically rapidly onset

Tachycardia and Diaphoresis often associated with low blood sugar

Too much insulin, failure to eat adequately, over exercising

47
Q

Pulseless electrical activity

A

Most commonly indicates a mechanical failure with intact organized electrical function

48
Q

Asystole

A

Complete fail of the electrical system

Flat lining

49
Q

Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

A

Electrical dysfunction caused chaotic and inappropriate electrical distribution through the heart

50
Q

Sudden cardiac arrest

A

Abrupt onset of dysthymia like ventricular fibrillation or Tachycardia

51
Q

Commotio cordis

A

Blunt trauma to the anterior chest leading to sudden cardiac arrest

52
Q

Asphyxial cardiac arrest

A

The heart stopped pumping due to issues related to system hypoxia.

Respiratory problems and shock

53
Q

Agonal breathing

(Gasping respirations)

A

Occur as primal reflex to the cardiac arrest state.

54
Q

Apnea

A

The absence of breathing

55
Q

SUIDS

Sudden Infant Death syndrome

A

Infant stopping breathing in sleep

56
Q

Compression fractions

A

Measure the amount of time chest compressions we’re preformed compared with the total amount of time rescuers were on a scene

57
Q

Monophastic defibrillator

A

Single shock

From negative to positive

58
Q

Biphasic defibrillator

A

Send 2 shocks in opposite directions

59
Q

Return or spontaneous circulation

(RSOC)

A

The heart begins to beat on its own again

60
Q

Reticular activating system

(RAS)

A

Responsible for the functions of staying awake, paying attention and sleeping

61
Q

Glucose

A

A form of sugar

The body’s basic source of energy

62
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

AKA sugar Diabetes

Results from an underproduction of insulin by the pancreas or from an inability of the body’s cells to use insulin properly

63
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High in blood sugar

Lack of sufficient insulin

Acetone breath

Leaves sugar in bloodstream rather than helping it into other cells

64
Q

Aura

A

The sensation a patient has when a seizure is about to happen

65
Q

Postictal phase

A

When convulsions stop after a seizure

66
Q

Epilepsy

A

Condition that results in seizures

67
Q

Status epileptius

A

2 or more seizures in a row without regaining full consciousness or has a single seizure lasting more than 10 minutes

68
Q

Stroke

(CVA) cerebral vascular accident

A

The death or injury of brain tissue that is deprived of oxygen

69
Q

syncope

A

Another term for fainting

70
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

The difficulty using words

71
Q

Vasovagel syncope

A

Sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain with return to consciousness almost immediately on becoming supine

72
Q

Partial seizure

A

Affects only one part of the brain
May involve uncontrolled convulsion in a patient with fully alert mental status
Some patients may briefly lose consciousness with convulsions

73
Q

Generalized seizure

Tonic-clinic

A

Affects the entire brain and the consciousness of the patient

74
Q

Tonic phase

A

Body is rigid
May stop breathing
May lose control of bladder and bowel

75
Q

Clonic phase

A

Body jerks violently for 1-2 mins
Patient may foam at the mouth
Face and lips may become cyanotic

76
Q

Idiopathic

A

Unknown cause

77
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

Tingling ,stiffening or jerking in 1 part of the body

78
Q

Complex partial seizure

Psychomotor or temporal lobe seizure

A

Abnormal behavior that varies widely

May involve confusion, glassy state, aimless motion, lip smacking, or fidgeting

79
Q

Absence (petit mal) seizure

A

Brief, 100 second temporary loss of concentration or awareness

May occur hundreds of time per day

Does not involve motor activity

80
Q

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylactic shock

A

Severe allergic reaction

81
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

82
Q

Virulence

A

The strength of the microbe in combating the body’s defense

83
Q

Hypoxia

A

An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions

84
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

85
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

86
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

A

Temp lower then 96.8 F or 36 C
Temp higher then 101F or 38.3 C
Heart rate over 90
Respiratory rate heater then 20
Systolic blood pressure lower then 90
New onset altered mental status

87
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Stoke caused by a blockage

88
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Stroke caused by bleeding into the brain

Long standing high blood pressure frequently the cause

89
Q

Transient ischemic attack

“Mini stroke”

A

Typical stoke signs that resolve within a 25 hour treatment

90
Q

Cardiac dysthymia

A

Dizziness and a rapid heart rate

91
Q

Epinephrine effects

A

As a medication it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages

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