Vocab Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
helots
A
state-owned slaves in Sparta
2
Q
Spartan mirage
A
idealization of Spartan culture throughout antiquity
2
Q
Lycurgus
A
Spartan law-giver
2
Q
Laconia
A
territory in the southern Peloponnesus surrounding Sparta
2
Q
Dorian
A
division of the Greek people
3
Q
perioikoi
A
“dwellers-around” Sparta
4
Q
Spartiates
A
the elite warrior class in ancient Sparta
5
Q
Messenia
A
territory in the southwest Peloponnesus
6
Q
Council of Elders
A
the governing body in ancient Sparta
7
Q
Ephors
A
a council of five, shared power with the 2 Spartan kings
8
Q
Peloponnesian League
A
a military league of Peloponnesian states under the leadership of Sparta
9
Q
Alkmeonid
A
an Athenian family to which Perikles belonged
10
Q
Solon
A
Athenian lawgiver
11
Q
arkhons
A
the chief magistrate in Athena
12
Q
Areopagus
A
hill in Athens, where homicides were tried
13
Q
Council of 400
A
oligarchical council that briefly took power in Athens during the Peloponnesian War (made by Solon)
14
Q
Peisistratos
A
tyrant of Athens- took him 3 tries
15
Q
Hippias
A
brother of Hipparchus, son of Peisistratos
16
Q
Harmodius
A
lover of Aristogeiton, was pursued by Hipparchus
17
Q
Kleisthenes
A
introduced democratic reforms in 508BC- he was an Alkmeonid
18
Q
demokratia
A
rule by the people
19
Q
demos
A
districts
20
Q
Assyrians
A
a war-like Semitic people of Northern Mesopotamia
21
Q
Ashur
A
the head of the Assyrian pantheon in Mesopotamia religion
22
Carthage
Phoenician city in modern Tunisia, kingdom of Dido, enemy of Rome
23
Medes
another name for Persians
24
King Midas
Phygian king, in legend cursed by the golden touch
25
Lydia
a region in western Anatolia centered on Sardis
26
Gyges
king of Lydia in the seventh century BC
27
Croesus
(sixth century BC), king of Lydia, defeated by Persians under Cyrus the Great
28
Cyrus
(the Great), founder of the Persian Empire
29
Zoroastrianism
religion based on the teachings of a Persian prophet
30
Ahuramazda
"wise God"
31
Cambyses
(ruled 530-522 BC), son of Cyrus the Great, second Achaemenid king of Persia
32
33
Darius II
(fifth century BC), a Persian king during the Peloponnesian War
34
hubris
"outrage, violence"
35
Histiaeus
the king of Miletus under Darius, king of Persia
36
Eretria
a town on the island of Euboea, near Athens
37
trireme
a Greek warship of the classical period
38
Marathon
plain near Athens where Persians were defeated in 490BC
39
Militiades
Athenian commander at Marathon- came up with "mad dash" idea
40
Xerxes
the Great King of Persia (reigned 485-465 BC)
41
Mardonius
Persian commander, died at Plataea in 479 BC
42
Syracuse
powerful Greek city in eastern Sicily
43
Gela
an important Greek colony in northern Sicily
44
Themistocles
-(524-459 BC), Athenian statesman
-Later played both sides during Battle of Salamis to win Persian favor
45
Hamilear
Carthaginian general of 3rd century BC
46
Thermopylae
("hot gates"), where Leonidas and his 300 Spartans fought to the dead in 480 BC
47
Leonidas
(died in 480 BC), Spartan king who fell at Thermopylae
48
Plataea
site of battle in southern Boeotia against the Persians in 479BC
49
Mycale
peninsula in Asia Minor, site of Persian defeat in 479 BC
50
Hiero
tyrant of Syracuse-brother of Gelon
51
demagogues
"leaders of the people"
52
Cimon
Athenian leader, son of Militiades
53
Ephialtes
(fifth century BC), an Athenian democratic political reformer
54
Perikles
(495-429 BC), Athenian statesman
55
Long Walls
defensive walls built between Athens and Piraeus
56
Old Oligarch
unknown author of oligarchic pamphlet from 5th century BC
57
liturgies
a public service established by the city-state whereby its richest members financed state events with their personal wealth
58
Corcyra
modern Corfu, an island off the northwest coast of Greece- identified with Phaeacia in the Odyssey
59
Aristophanes
(448-380 BC) Athenian writer of comedies
60
Old Comedy
the comedy of Athens in the 5th century BC, for example, Aristophanes
61
Nicias
(fifth century BC) Athenian general
62
Archidamian War
the first part of the Peloponnesian War, 431 to 421, named after the Spartan king, Archidamus
63
Demosthenes
Athenian general (fifth century BC)
64
Sphacteria
an island in the bay of Pylos
65
Brasidas
Spartan general (fifth century BC)
66
Cleon
Athenian demagogue (fifth century BC)
67
Peace of Nicias
(421-413 BC) a peace treaty signed between Athens and Sparta signed in March 421 BC that ended the first half of the Peloponnesian War
68
Alcibiades
lead Athens during Peloponnesian War 450-404 BC
69
Melos
one of the Cycladic islands, whose population the Athenians destroyed in 416 BC
70
herms
small statues of Athens which turned away evil
71
Gylippus
(fifth century BC) Spartan general who assisted the Syracusans
72
Decelea
outpost in Attica fortified by the Spartans
73
Hannibal
(third century BC) descendant of the previous Hannibal, who fought in Rome
74
Dionysus
(fifth century BC) Greek mariner who tried to train sailors from Asia Minor
75
The Four Hundred
oligarchical council that briefly took power in Athens during the Peloponnesian War, 411 BC
76
Xenophon
(430-354 BC), philosopher and essayist, friend to Socrates, leader in the March of the Ten Thousand
77
Lysander
(fifth century BC) Spartan general
78
the Thirty
Athenian oligarchy, ruled in 404 BC
79
synoecism
"living together"
80
agora
central marketplace
81
centripetal
pull of polis; polis over individual
82
centrifugal
pull of individual; personal pursuits
83
Pan-Hellenism
cultural unity with the Greeks
84
good Strife in Hesiod
emulates success and building up oneself- healthy competition
85
bad Strife in Hesiod
includes jealousy and is source of disputes
86
2 pillars of justice
respect the gods and respect others
87
Iron generation according to Hesiod
city without justice, no shame, lots of bad Strife
88
krypteia
Spartan spies after Messenian wars
89
kleroi
lots
90
herds
where children grow up in Sparta
91
homoioi
"equals, peers"
92
Gerousia
council of elders in Sparta- "old men"
93
eunomia
"good order"
94
Drakon
-wrote laws to help tensions
-harsh penalties-usually death
95
Kylon
-attempted tyranny in 632 BC
-gets help from Megaran
96
Heliaia
court of appeals made of Solon
97
seisakhtheia
1 time cancelation of debt under Solon
98
Metics
non-citizens living in Athens
99
trittyes
thirds
100
Ekklesia
Athenian assembly
101
Boule
-Athenian council
102
prytany
"presidency" around Athenian Boule
103
Dikasteria
courts
104
dikasts
citizens acting as a sort of jury
105
polemarch
"war archon"
106
litourgia
"public work"
107
euthuna
"setting straight"
-could audit outgoing magistrates in Athens
108
autochthony
belief of being native inhabitants
109
ostrakon
pot-shard Athenians vote on for ostracisms
110
Ionian Revolt
(499-494 BC) The Ionians get help from Athens to try to shake off Persian control, however ultimately they fail
- Greek rebels burn down Sardis
111
What did the Battle of Marathon give the Athenians?
Pride and confidence
112
Delian League
-alliance of Greek city-states after Persian War
-Led by Athenians
113
Hellenic League
Peloponnesian League and Athens
114
Where was the treasury put after the Persian War?
on Delos
115
Battle of Eurymedon River
(469-466 BC) Kimon, Athenian general, wins over Persians
116
cleurchies
-lots
-made when Athens becomes "empire"
117
Athens "empire" debates
-oligarchy vs. democracy
-hoplites vs. navy
-anti-"empire" vs. pro-"empire"
118
Perikles
-consistently voted strategos (Pelo War)
-anti-Sparta, pro-empire/democracy
-unquestioned leading politician
-wants to fight defensive war
119
Megaran Decree
merchants of Megara aren't allowed in
120
King's Peace
- Ionia goes to Persia
-banned alliances
-dissolved the Boeotian League-Thebes mega angry
