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APHUG > ch18 > Flashcards

ch18 Flashcards

1
Q

the process of using machines and large-scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods

A

industry

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2
Q

the basic substances such as minerals and crops needed to manufacture finished goods

A

raw materials

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3
Q

a place where products are sold

A

market

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4
Q

small home-based businesses that made goods

A

cottage industries

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5
Q

a series of technological advances starting in the 18th century

A

Industrial Revolution

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6
Q

it stretched across the Northern Hemisphere’s midlatitudes, including the northeastern and midwestern US, much of Europe, part of Russia, and Japan.

A

Industrial belt

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7
Q

process of decreasing reliance on manufacturing jobs

A

deindustrialize

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8
Q

regions that have large #’s of closed factories

A

rust belts

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9
Q

extracting natural resources from the Earth
- farming
- mining

  • high risk and labor
A

primary sector

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10
Q

making products from natural resources
- manufacturing

  • wages vary greatly
A

secondary sector

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11
Q

providing information and services to people
- retail

  • wages vary widely
A

tertiary

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12
Q

managing and processing information
- data science
- software development

  • small % of employees
A

quaternary

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13
Q

creating information and making high-level decisions
- research

  • high income
  • small % of employees
  • decisions leading many
A

quinary

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14
Q

the potential of a job to produce different jobs

A

multiplier effect

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15
Q
  • explains the key decisions made by businesses about where to locate factories
  • German economist Alfred Webber
A

least cost theory

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16
Q

spatial grouping of several businesses to share costs

A

agglomeration economies

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17
Q

three points of the triangle are the market for a good and 2 resources needed to make the good

A

locational triangle

18
Q

raw materials lose bulk during processing

A

bulk-reducing industry

19
Q

raw materials gain bulk during processing

A

bulk-gaining industry

20
Q
  • highly dependent on a workforce and will want to be near a source of labor workers
  • dependent on the quantity of labor
  • located near potential workforce
A

labor-dependent industry

21
Q

the procedure of transferring cargo from one mode of transportation to another

A

break of bulk

22
Q

the system in which goods are loaded into a standardized shipping unit

A

containerization

23
Q
  • can be carried on a truck, train, ship, or plane
A

intermodal

24
Q

businesses can pack up and leave to a new place quickly

A

footloose

25
Q

expensive, bouge office spaces

A

front offices

26
Q

cheap offices

A

back offices

27
Q

the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments.

A

gross national product

28
Q

the total amount of money earned by nations people and businesses

A

gross national income

29
Q

the $ amount of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year

A

gross domestic products

30
Q

sending earnings back to people at home

A

remittances

31
Q

amount per person

A

per capita

32
Q

a measure of what similar goods cost in different countries

A

purchasing power parity

33
Q

portion of the economy that is monitored by the government so people follow regulations and pay taxes

A

formal sector

34
Q

portion of the economy that is not monitored by the government
- activities are done w/o pay
- activities are legal if reported
- drug and identity theft are always illegal

A

informal sector

35
Q

the distribution of income within a population

A

Gini coefficient

36
Q

of years a person is expected to live

A

life expectancy

37
Q

% of the population that can read or write

A

literacy rate

38
Q

differences in privileges afforded to males and females in the society

A

gender gap

39
Q

a composite measure of several factors indicating gender disparity
- reproductive health
- empowerment
- labor market participation

A

gender inequality index

40
Q

combines economic measure w 3 social measures (life xpct., xpctd yrs of schooling, avg yrs of schooling)

A

human development index

41
Q

several programs enacted by governments and int non-profit agencies empowering women to find jobs outside homes

A

non-governmental organization

42
Q

providing loans for women start/expand businesses

A

microcredit

APHUG (5 decks)

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