Vocab Flashcards
(26 cards)
Exoctyosis
Exocytosis is the process where a cell moves materials, like proteins or waste, from inside the cell to the outside. The cell packages these materials in small sacs called vesicles, which then fuse with the cell’s outer membrane, releasing the contents outside.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a process where a cell “eats” or engulfs large particles, like bacteria or debris, by surrounding them with its membrane. The cell then forms a pocket around the particle, pulling it inside to break it down and digest it. This is a way for cells to remove harmful or unwanted materials.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a process where a cell “eats” or engulfs large particles, like bacteria or debris, by surrounding them with its membrane. The cell then forms a pocket around the particle, pulling it inside to break it down and digest it. This is a way for cells to remove harmful or unwanted materials.
Pinocytois
Pinocytosis is a process where a cell “drinks” or takes in small amounts of liquid from its surroundings. The cell forms small pockets in its membrane that pinch off to bring in the liquid and dissolved substances, like nutrients, into the cell. It’s a way for the cell to absorb fluids and small molecules.
Pinocytois
Pinocytosis is a process where a cell “drinks” or takes in small amounts of liquid from its surroundings. The cell forms small pockets in its membrane that pinch off to bring in the liquid and dissolved substances, like nutrients, into the cell. It’s a way for the cell to absorb fluids and small molecules.
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when a cell uses special “locks” (receptors) on its surface to catch specific “keys” (molecules like nutrients or hormones) from outside. Once enough “keys” are caught, the cell forms a bubble (vesicle) around them and pulls them inside. This helps the cell take in exactly what it needs.
Nucleus
The cell’s control center, holding DNA and controlling activities like growth and reproduction.
Nucleus
The cell’s control center, holding DNA and controlling activities like growth and reproduction.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell, providing energy by converting food into usable energy.
Ribosomes
The protein factories, where proteins are made for the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Rough ER: Has ribosomes on it and helps in making proteins.
Smooth ER: Makes fats and helps detoxify harmful substances.
Golgi Apparatus
The cell’s packaging center, modifying and packaging proteins and other materials to send them where they’re needed.
Lysosomes
The recycling center, breaking down waste and worn-out cell parts.
Chloroplasts (in plant cells)
Capture sunlight to make food (sugar) for the plant through photosynthesis.
Vacuoles
Storage containers, holding water, nutrients, or waste.
Cell Membrane
The protective barrier, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles in place.
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles in place.
Transcription
making the mRNA copy.
This is the process of copying the genetic information from DNA to make a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
• It happens in the nucleus.
• Think of it like copying a recipe from a cookbook (DNA) onto a note (mRNA) so you can use it.
Translation
• using that mRNA to build a protein.
This is the process where the mRNA is used to build a protein by assembling amino acids in the correct order.
• It happens in the ribosome (outside the nucleus).
• Think of it like using the copied recipe (mRNA) to make the actual dish (protein).
Translation
• using that mRNA to build a protein.
This is the process where the mRNA is used to build a protein by assembling amino acids in the correct order.
• It happens in the ribosome (outside the nucleus).
• Think of it like using the copied recipe (mRNA) to make the actual dish (protein).
Passive transport
No energy needed
Diffusion: high to low concentration
Osmosis: low solute to high
Facilitated diffusion: uses proteins to help move substances high to low concentration
Active transport
Going against the flow
“Sodium potassium pump”
Hydrolysis
Adds water to break down molecules
