vocab

Question 1

phonetics

Answer 1

the study of the production and perception of speech sounds

Question 2

IPA

Answer 2

alphabet used to represent the sounds of the worlds languages, created to promote a universal method of phonetic transcription

Question 3

phonology

Answer 3

the systematic organization of speech sounds in the production of language

Question 4

phonetics vs. phonology

Answer 4

phonetics is the study, phonology is the rules

Question 5

syntactic/morphological rules

Answer 5

grammar

Question 6

semantic rules

Answer 6

for utterance meaning

Question 7

pragmatic rules

Answer 7

for language use

Question 8

dialect

Answer 8

variation of speech or language based on geographical area, native language background, and social or ethnic group membership

Question 9

historical

Answer 9

sound changes over time

Question 10

physiological

Answer 10

function of various articulators

Question 11

acoustic

Answer 11

frequency, intensity, duration,

Question 12

perceptual

Answer 12

pitch, loudness, length

Question 13

experimental

Answer 13

lab studies (spectrograph)

Question 14

clinical

Answer 14

transcription of speech sound disorders

Question 15

diacrtics

Answer 15

markings to identify variations

Question 16

morphemes

Answer 16

smallest units of language that carry meaning

Question 17

code

Answer 17

translation of one type of information into another type of information

Question 18

referent

Answer 18

the aspect of the world to which the word refers

Question 19

speech

Answer 19

neuromuscular process by which humans turn language into sound signals and transmit it to a receiver

Question 20

hearing

Answer 20

the sensory system that allows speech to enter into and be processed by the human brain

Question 21

speech - muscles in 4 systems

Answer 21

respiration, phonoation, resonation, articulatin

Question 22

phonemes

Answer 22

represented by the IPA

Question 23

audition

Answer 23

the perception of sound - hearing

Question 24

acoustics

Answer 24

the study of sound

Question 25

graphemes

Answer 25

printed letters of the alphabet

Question 26

phonemes

Answer 26

the sounds we hear

Question 27

allographs

Answer 27

different letters that make the same sound

Question 28

morpheme

Answer 28

smallest unit of language that can carry meaning

Question 29

minimal pairs

Answer 29

words that vary only by one speech sound

Question 30

bound morphemes

Answer 30

must be attached to other morphemes

Question 31

free morphemes

Answer 31

can stand alone

Question 32

digraphs

Answer 32

pair of letters that represents one sound

Question 33

allographs

Answer 33

differing letter sequences that represent the same sound

Question 34

allophones

Answer 34

varient productions of a phoneme (where you place your tongue for example), doesn't change identity or meaning of the word

Question 35

phonetic context

Answer 35

certain allophones must be produced a particular way due to the constraints of the other sounds in the word

Question 36

complimentary distribution

Answer 36

not free in terms of where in the mouth they may be produced

Question 37

aspiration

Answer 37

a small puff of air (pit)

Question 38

unaspirated

Answer 38

no puff of air (spit), in english unaspirated phonemes never occur in the initial position of the word

Question 39

free variation

Answer 39

not linked to phonetic context

Question 40

syllable

Answer 40

basic unit of speech production and perception generally consisting of a segment of greatest acoustic energy and segments of lower energy

Question 41

syllable

Answer 41

basic building block of language, one vowel or vowel and consonants

Question 42

syllable parts

Answer 42

onset, rhyme

Question 43

onset

Answer 43

all the consonants that proceed the vowel

Question 44

rhyme parts

Answer 44

coda and nucleus

Question 45

coda

Answer 45

single consonant OR consonant clusters

Question 46

nucleus

Answer 46

typically a vowel OR a consonant that takes on a vowel rule (syllabic consonants)

Question 47

open syllables

Answer 47

syllables that end with a vowel phoneme (no coda)

Question 48

closed syllables

Answer 48

syllables that end with a consonant phoneme (coda)

Question 49

dipthong

Answer 49

single phoneme consisting of two vowel elements - onglide and offglide