Vocab Flashcards
(209 cards)
1
Q
actioin
A
a drug’s chemical effects on body cells
2
Q
administration
A
how a drug is given
3
Q
adverse reastion
A
an unintended and undesirable effect of a drug
4
Q
brand name
A
licensed name under which a drug prepared by a specific manufacturer is sold, also know as proprietary or trade name
5
Q
chemical name
A
name that describes the chemical structure of a compound
6
Q
contraceptives
A
drugs used to control fertility and prevent pregnancy
7
Q
contraindications
A
conditions in which the use of a certain drug is dangerous or ill-advised
8
Q
controlled substances
A
potentially dangerous or habit-forming drugs whose sale and use are strictly regulated by law
9
Q
Controlled Substance Act of 1990
A
law that regulates manufacturing and distribution of controlled substances, also know as Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
10
Q
diagnostic drugs
A
drugs used to diagnose disease
11
Q
drug
A
chemical substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure of prevention of a disease, also known as medication
12
Q
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
A
since 1973, the only legal U.S. drug enforcement agency
13
Q
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
A
enforcement agency for the FDCA
14
Q
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938
A
law that mandates that drug manufacturers test all drugs for potentially harmful effects and that drug labels must be complete
15
Q
generic name
A
official non proprietary name assigned to a drug by the manufacturer, with the approval of the US adopted Names Council
16
Q
health maintenance
A
process of developing a healthy lifestyle, keeping existing diseases under control, and getting regular checkups
17
Q
indications
A
diseases and disorders for which a certain drug may be used
18
Q
legend drugs
A
prescription drugs
19
Q
nonproprietary name
A
generic name of a drug
20
Q
official name
A
generally, the same as the generic name of a drug; name of a drug as it appears in the official reference, the United Sates pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)
21
Q
over the counter (OTC) drug
A
drugs available without a prescription
22
Q
package insert
A
printed info about a pharmaceutical product
23
Q
palliative drug
A
drugs used to improve quality of life but not to cure of treat a condition
24
Q
pathology
A
study of the disease process, including changes in structure and function of the body
25
pharmacodynamics
study of the body's response to a drug
26
pharmacokinetics
the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
27
pharmacology
study of drugs
28
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
a widely used drug reference book that gives information about the drug products of major pharmaceutical companies
29
physiology
the science that deals with the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms
30
precautions
warnings to use care when giving drugs under certain conditions
31
prescription drugs
drugs that can be dispensed only with a physician's's order of the order of another designated healthcare provider such as a nurse practitioner or physician's assistant
32
proprietary name
brand name of a drug
33
psychology
study of the normal and abnormal processes of the mind
34
side effects
desirable or undesirable effects of a drug apart from the primary purpose of giving the drug
35
standards
rules ensuring uniform quality, strength, and quality
36
synthetic drugs
drugs created in the laboratory from various chemicals
37
therapeutic effect
desired of predicted physiological response caused by a drug
38
United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council
organization that adopts the generic name of a drug
39
United States Pharmacopeia Despensing Information (USPDI)
official reference for pharmacists or persons administering medications
40
United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)
official book standardized drugs
41
absorption
passage of a substance into the bloodstream from the site of adminstration
42
action
a drug's chemical effects on body cells
43
adverse reaction
an unintended and undesirable effect of a drug
44
antagonism
the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect
45
antibody
a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight of foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens
46
biotransformation
normal body process by which substances are chemically broken down into water-soluble form that the body can excrete; part of the cell's work of burning fuel for growth and energy; metabolism
47
capillaries
tiny blood vessels with very thing wall that let certain substances pass straight through them
48
cumulative effect
increased effect of a drug that is not completely metabolized or excreted before another dose is administered
49
dependence
a compulsion to continue taking a drug; can be physical and/or psychological
50
detoxify
eliminate substances that are toxic or poisonous to the body
51
distribution
transport of drugs to body cells and spaces between cells
52
drug abuse
taking drugs for their mood-altering effects or taking too many drugs or too much of a drug
53
drug misuse
overuse or careless use of any drug
54
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
55
effect
a physical or psychological change in a patient brought about by a drug
56
enzyme
a chemical that speeds up biotranformation
57
excretion
the removal of waste substances from the body
58
histamine
substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction; responsible for allergic symptoms
59
idiosyncrsy
a peculiar, unusual individual response to a drug
60
metabolism
the rate at which cells produce energy such as heat and muscle strength
61
overdose
drug does that is too large for a person's age, size, or physical condition
62
placebo
an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect
63
reservior
a tissue in which drugs tend to collect; different drugs tend to collect in different tissues
64
synergism
drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given seperatley
65
tolerance
need for increased dose of a drug to produce the same physical and/or psychological effect
66
toxicity
poisonous effect of prolonged exposure to high doses or too-frequent administration of a drug
67
withdrawal symptoms
set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which he or she is physically dependent
68
apothecary system
system of measurements in which the basic unit of volume is the minim and the base unit of weight is the grain
69
body surface area
a very reliable method of calculation doses of medication for infants and children up to the age of 12, using the child's weight, height, and a nomogram, generally used only in critical care and oncology enviroments
70
celsius
temperature scale in which there is a 100 degree difference between the freezing and boiling points of water
71
convert
to change from one unit of measurement to another
72
denominator
bottom of a fraction
73
dosage range
the different amounts of a drug that will produce therapeutic effects but not serious side effects or toxicity
74
Fahrenheit
temperature scale in which 32 degrees is the freezing point of water and 212 degrees is the boiling point of water
75
faction
the way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole
76
grain
basic unit of weight in the apothecary system
77
gram
basic unit of weight in the apothecary system
78
household system
system of measurement in which the basic unit of fluid volume is the fluid ounce and the basic unit of weight is the ounce
79
kilogram
2.2 pounds
80
liter
basic unit of volume in the metric system
81
meter
basic unit of length in the metric system
82
metric system
a decimal system of measurement in which the basic unit of length is the meter, the basic until of volume is the liter, and the basic unit of weight is the gram
83
milliter
one-thousandth of a liter, same as a cubic centimeter
84
millimeter
one-thousandth of a meter
85
minim
basic unit of volume in the apothecary system
86
nomogram
a graphic device showing the relationship between numerical values designed for healthcare providers in pediatrics to estimate the body surface area of a child according to height and weight
87
pound
.454 kilogram
88
scored
the surface of a tablet is bisected by a grove to make for breakage into halves
89
active ingrediants
the ingredient in a drug that produces the therapeutic effect
90
ampule
small, sealed glass container holding medication for injection
91
automated medication dispensing system
system used to provide access to medications that is configured to meet the needs of a specific facility, such as a patient care unit in a hospital, long-term care facility, surgery center, or physician's office, 24 hours a day, the most common is pyxis
92
charting
keeping records of all patient care on appropriate forms
93
computerized order
order transmitted via computer
94
concentration
amount of a drug in a certain amount of liquid
95
enteric-coated
coated with a substance that dissolves in the intestine but not in the stomach
96
facsimile order
order transmitted through a facsimile machine
97
incident report
form used for giving information about drug error, patient injury, or accident
98
infusion
placement of a tube into a vein for the purpose of slowly adding fluids to the body
99
inhalation
administration of drugs by way of droplets or mist that the patient breathes in
100
insertion
placement of an object into a body cavity
101
instillation
placement of drops of liquid into the eyes, ears, nose, or some other body cavity
102
irrigation
rinsing a body cavity with water or other solution
103
medication administration record
for documenting drugs that are administrated to a particular patient every day, each dose is checked off after it is given
104
nurses' notes
form for charting observations, stat and PRN medications, and special treatment given
105
outpatient
patient who is not hospitalized, a walk in
106
patient chart
permanent record of care recieved
107
patient history sheet
form describing the development of a patient's symptoms and the course of the disease
108
pharmacy requisition form
form on which to order supplies and medications from the pharmacy
109
physician's order s heet
form for writing medication orders, located in the patient chart
110
PIE
problem intervention evaluation method of charting
111
POMR
problem oriented medical record
112
preparation
form in which a drug is available, determines route of administration
113
PRN order
drug order to administer a drug as needed
114
routine order
drug order by which the ordered drug is administered until a discontinuation order is written or until a specified termination date is reached
115
SOAP
structure plan for charting, standards for subjective objective assessment plan
116
soluble
capable of being dissolved
117
solution
liquid containing a dissolved drug
118
standing order
drug order that is to be continued until further notice
119
stat order
a single drug that is administered immediatley
120
sterile
free of microorganisms
121
suspension
liquid containing undissolved particles of a drug
122
telephone order
type of verbal order that is communicated via telephone
123
verbal order
order that is expressed orally andu not written down
124
vial
small, glass, single-dose or multiple-dose, vacuum-sealed container with a rubber seal that must be punctured with a needle to fill ya syringe for injection
125
anion
negatively charged ion
126
avitaminosis
condition that results from a deficiency or lack of absorption of vitamins in the diet
127
cation
positively charged ion
128
electrolyte
a solution that carries an electrical charge
129
fat-soluble vitamin
vitamins that are soluble in fat, ADEK
130
homestasis
state of fluid balance within the body
131
hypervitaminosis
condition that results from taking large doses of vitamins over a period of time
132
hypovitaminosis
condition that results from a diet lacking in vitamins
133
inorganic
compounds that do not contain carbon, such as minerals and water
134
ion
particle that carries an electrical charge
135
macrominerals
minerals needed with daily requirement of less than 100mg
136
minerals
inorganic elements essential to the order, classified as macrominerals or microminerals
137
organic
compounds that contain carbon, such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
138
recommended daily allowance
daily level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals
139
vitamins
organic substances essential for normal metabolism, classified as fat soluble or water soluble
140
water-soluble vitamins
vitamins that are soluble in water, vitamin b complex and vitamin c
141
aerobic
bacteria that can survive only in the presence of oxygen
142
AIDs
acquired immune deficiency syndrom
143
anaerobic
bacteria that can survive without oxygen
144
anaphylaxis
server, possibly fatal, systemic hypersensitivity reaction to a sensitizing agent, that is a drug, food, or chemical
145
antibiotic
antimicrobial agent, either natural or synthetic, that kills or stops the growth of other organisms
146
antibody
protein like substance produced in the body to fight miccroorganisms
147
antifungal
drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
148
aspetic
free of pathogens
149
autoclave
machine that sterilizes with steam under pressure, usually at 250F for a designated tiem
150
bactericidal
an agent that is destructive to bacteria
151
broad-spectrum antibiotics
antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of pathogens
152
clostridium difficile
gram positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that are the major cause of nosocomial infection
153
culture and sensitivity test
laboratory technique for finding out which, if any, microbes are present and which antibiotic will effectve against a specific pathogen
154
disinfectant
chemical capable of killing bacteria, used in the sterilization process
155
fungi
plantlike parasite microorgansims
156
gram stain
laboratory test for identifying microbes
157
HBV
hepatitis B virus
158
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
159
hypersensitivity
an exaggerated response to a drug or other foreign agent
160
immune
able to resist damage from pathogens
161
immunizations
a way of stimulating production of antibiotics by exposing the body to weakened or killed germs
162
infection
an invasion by pathogens that produce, multiply, and cause disease
163
infectious disease
disease caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another
164
inoculation
immunizing by administration of a vacine
165
isolation
keeping a patient in an environment where pathogens cannot spread from patient to healthcare worker and/or vise versa
166
luekocytes
white blood cells that defend the body against bacteria
167
microorganisms
tiny, one-celled plants and animals, some are pathogenic/disease producing and others are nonpathogenic
168
mycoses
infections caused by fungi
169
narrow-spectrum antibiotics
antibiotics that are effective against specific pathogens
170
nosocomial
refers to an infection that occurs in a hospital or long-term care facility
171
pathogens
disease-producing mircoorganisms
172
penicillinase
enzyme produced by microbes that makes them resistant to penicillin
173
photosensitivity
sensitivity to light, often a side effect of certain drugs, can cause a rash
174
resistance
the ability of a particular microorganisms to resist the effects of a specific antibiotic
175
Standard Precautions
primary strategies for prevention of infection transmitted through blood, bloody fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
176
superinfection
secondary infection that occurs while the antibiotic is destroying the first infection
177
universal precautions
safety measures that consider all patients potentially infectious with blood-borne pathogens
178
vaccination
introduction of an infectious agent for the purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease
179
acoutstic
pertaining to hearing or sound
180
air conduction
function of the middle ear and external ear that conducts and amplifies sound waves from the enviroment
181
blepharitis
bacterial infection of the eyelid that causes crusting, redness and irritation
182
canthus
angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids
183
cataract
an opacity that appears in the crystalline lens
184
central hearing loss
difficulty understanding the meaning of words heard, inability to understand the meaning of income sounds or words, caused by problems of the central nervous system from the auditory nucleus to the cortex
185
cerumen
earwax
186
cochlea
part of the inner ear, the primary organ of hearing
187
conductive hearing loss
alteration in the perception of or sensitivity to sounds, occurs with problems in the external and middle ear
188
conjunctiva
a thin mucous membrane ling the eye socket and eyelids
189
conjunctivitis
an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the back of the eyelids and the front of the eye except the cornea
190
diplopia
double vision
191
eardrum
round disk that vibrates and transmits sound from the outer ear to the middle ear
192
external auditory meatus
part of the external ear, the ear canal
193
external otitis
an inflammation and infection of the epithelium of the auricle and ear canal
194
floaters
nontransparent specks that are small pieces of cells floating across the visual field
195
glaucoma
condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye caused by failure of the aqueous humor to drain
196
hordeolum
a hard cyst on the eyelid resulting from a blocked sebaceous duct
197
lacrimal gland
gland that produces tears
198
miotics
drugs that cause the pupil to constrict by decreasing the intraocular pressure, increasing the aqueous humor overflow, and contracting the ciliary muscle
199
mydriatics
drugs used to dilate the pupil
200
optic
pertaining to the eye or sight
201
otalgia
ear pain
202
otic
pertaining to the ear
203
presbycusis
decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds
204
presbyobia
farsightedness brought about by decreased accommodation of the eye as a result of the aging process
205
sclera
fibers meshed together to form the opaque structure referred to as the "white" of the eye
206
sensorineural hearing loss
alteration in the perception of or sensitivity to high-pitched sounds, occurs with problems in the inner ear
207
tinnitus
ringing of the ears
208
tragus
small cartilage projection in from of the entrance to the ear
209
vertigo
dizziness, inability to maintain balance in either a sitting or standing position
