Vocab Flashcards

(358 cards)

1
Q

incentivize /ɪnˈsen.t̬ə.vaɪz/

A

to make someone want to do something:
We need to incentivize our sales managers to achieve these targets.

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2
Q

incentivize Uk/ɪnˈsentɪvaɪz/

A

to make someone want to do something, such as to buy something or to do work, especially by offering prizes or rewards:

incentivize sb to do sth -
They incentivized workers to adopt the less expensive health care plan by giving more paid vacation.
-Headquarters has incentivized employees
with free offers of tickets to sporting events.

Cambridge dictionary

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3
Q

one-two punch /ˌwʌnˈtuː ˌpʌntʃ/

A

two unpleasant things that happen together:
The weather delivered a one-two punch to farmers with unseasonal freezing temperatures and strong winds.

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4
Q

straight-A /ˌstreɪtˈeɪ/

A

getting the best results in all examinations:
She had always been a straight-A student until she met him.

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5
Q

splendor /ˈsplen.dɚ/

( noun US (UK splendour) )

A

great beauty that attracts admiration and attention:
1. They bought a decaying 16th-century manor house and restored it to its original splendor.

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6
Q

discombobulate /ˌdɪs.kəmˈbɑː.bjə.leɪt/

(informal mainly humorous)

A

to confuse someone or make someone feel uncomfortable

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7
Q

silver-tongued /ˌsɪl.vɚˈtʌŋd/

(adjective literary)

A

If you are silver-tongued, you are good at persuading people to do things.

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8
Q

cus·​to·​di·​an | \ ˌkə-ˈstō-dē-ən \

A

one that guards and protects or maintains
especially : one entrusted with guarding and keeping property or records or with custody or guardianship of prisoners or inmates

//the custodian made his usual rounds of the building to make sure that everything was OK
//served as custodian of the prisoner until he could be turned over to federal authorities

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9
Q

Space-age \ ˈspās-ˈāj \

A

: of, relating to, or befitting the age of space exploration
especially : MODERN
//space-age technology

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10
Q

Disheartening /dɪsˈhɑːr.tən.ɪŋ/

A

causing you to lose confidence, hope, and energy:
This was very disheartening news.
It was disheartening to see how few people turned up.

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11
Q

rags-to-riches /ˌræɡz.təˈrɪtʃɪz/

(Adjective [before noun])

A

used to describe what happens to a person who was poor but becomes rich:
a rags-to-riches story

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12
Q

bread-and-butter/ˌbred ən ˈbʌt̬.ɚ/

(Adjective)

A

basic and relating directly to most people’s needs and interests:
bread-and-butter issue Health and - employment are the kind of bread-and-butter issues that people vote on.
- Most people are focused on ordinary, bread-and-butter concerns.

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13
Q

albeit /ɑːlˈbiː.ɪt/

A

although:
1. The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
2. He tried, albeit without success.

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14
Q

atherosclerosis US /ˌæθ.ə.roʊ.skləˈroʊ.sɪs/

(Specialized medical term)

A

a form of arteriosclerosis (= hardening of the arteries, the thick tubes carrying blood from the heart) that is caused by a fatty substance building up inside the arteries

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15
Q

Freighter US /ˈfreɪ.t̬ɚ/

A

a large ship for carrying goods ~ Cargo

a person whose job is loading goods onto ships or vehicles or transporting goods by ship or on a vehicle

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16
Q

Withstand US /wɪðˈstænd/

(C2)

A

to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully:
- a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes
- Our toys are designed to withstand the rough treatment of the average five-year-old.
- The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to withstand ground and air attacks.
- She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time (= it will still be popular in the future).

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17
Q

drop-dead US /ˈdrɑːp.ded/

(Adjective, adverb)

A

used to emphasize that someone or something is extremely attractive and impressive:
- drop-dead gorgeous He’s drop-dead gorgeous!
- Some go to Greece for the antiquities, others for the drop-dead beauty of the islands.
- She is wearing a drop-dead black evening dress.

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18
Q

Brainteaser US /ˈbreɪnˌtiː.zɚ/

(noun(C))

A

a problem for which it is hard to find the answer, especially one which people enjoy trying to solve as a game:
- The paper publishes two brainteasers every Saturday.

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19
Q

Bottleneck US /ˈbɑː.t̬əl.nek/

(Noun(C))

A

a place where a road becomes narrow, or a place where there is often a lot of traffic, causing the traffic to slow down or stop:
- The construction work is causing bottlenecks in the city centre.

** a problem that delays progress**
- Is there any way of getting around this bureaucratic bottleneck?

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20
Q

one-upmanship US /ˌwʌnˈʌp.mən.ʃɪp/

(noun [ U ] disapproving)

A

a situation in which someone does or says something in order to prove that they are better than someone else:
• Officials complain of his habit of one-upmanship when arranging events with other ministers.
• The researchers discovered that moving among certain social groups involves participating in constant one-upmanship .

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21
Q

edutainment/ˌedjʊˈteɪnmənt/

(Noun)

A

the process of entertaining people at the same time as you are teaching them something, and the products, such as television programmes or software, that do this:
The market for edutainment software is growing at about 30% a year.

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22
Q

grandiose US /ˈɡræn.di.oʊs/

(Adjectives, disapproving)

A

larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great:
grandiose schemes/designs/ideas for making money

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23
Q

threnody US /ˈθren.ə.di/

(Noun, MUSIC,LITERATURE,SPECIALIZED)

A

a sad song or poem, especially remembering someone who has died:
- The composer’s threnody for the victims of the war was his most famous work.
- The final movement’s threnody is extremely moving.

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24
Q

Well-to-do US /ˌwel.təˈduː/

(Adjectives)

A

rich:
well-to-do families

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25
reenactment US /ˌriː.ɪˈnækt.mənt/ ## Footnote (Noun)
**an occasion on which people re-enact an event:** a re-enactment of the battle of Gettysburg
26
media-savvy /ˌmiːdiə ˈsævi/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**having a good understanding of the influence of the internet, newspapers, television, etc. and how to use it effectively** - These people are media-savvy and they are not going to say anything on camera that makes them look stupid. - The company is targeting the social-media-savvy market of young women.
27
fumigation /ˌfjuːmɪˈɡeɪʃn/ ## Footnote (Uncountable, countable, noun)
**the use of special chemicals, smoke or gas to destroy the harmful insects or bacteria in a place**
28
Scaredy-cat /ˈskerdi kæt/ ## Footnote (North american English also fraidy cat) (Informal, disapproving)
**a children’s word for a person who is easily frightened**
29
Imperceptibly /ˌɪmpərˈseptəbli/ ## Footnote (Adverb)
**in a very small way that cannot be seen or felt** - The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.
30
attitudinal US /æt̬.ɪ.ˈtuː.dən.əl/ ## Footnote (Formal)
**relating to people's attitude towards something:** - Recruitment personnel agreed that there was a need for an attitudinal change in this area of business. [ Adverb attitudinally]
31
Leaderless /ˈliːdərləs/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**without a leader** - Her sudden death left the party leaderless.
32
Eyeful ## Footnote (Noun, countable)
**an amount of something, usually dust or dirt, that has entered the eye:** - eyeful of As the lorry went past, I got an eyeful of grit. [ S ] informal **a very noticeable or attractive sight, often a sexually attractive person:** - She's quite an eyeful.
33
ulterior US /ʌlˈtɪr.i.ɚ/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**ulterior motive, reason, purpose, etc.** **a secret purpose or reason for doing something:** - He claims he just wants to help Lisa but I suspect he has an ulterior motive.
34
Virtuoso US /ˌvɝː.tʃuˈoʊ.soʊ/ ## Footnote (Noun, plural noun can be _virtuosos_ or _virtuosi_)
**a person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an instrument or performing:** - virtuoso on Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole Porter was also a virtuoso on the piano.
35
sort-out ## Footnote (British, noun)
**an activity in which someone makes a room, closet, etc., neat and organized** Let's have a sort-out of the attic.
36
ever-loving US /ˈev.ɚˌlʌv.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**always loving someone, even if they behave badly:** - He plays Edna's ever-loving husband, Wilbur. ## Footnote (Informal) **used to emphasize something, especially instead of using an offensive word when you are annoyed:** - Are you out of your ever-loving mind?
37
subsequently US /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/ ## Footnote (Adverb, **C1**)
**after something else:** - In 1982 he was arrested and subsequently convicted on drug trafficking charges. He was badly injured in the crash and subsequently died.
38
delirious US /dɪˈlɪr.i.əs/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**unable to think or speak clearly because of fever or mental confusion:** - She had a high temperature and was delirious. **extremely happy or excited:** - The team arrived home to a delirious reception from its fans.
39
monoculture/ˈmɑː.noʊˌkʌl.tʃɚ/ ## Footnote (Noun, Uncountable)
## Footnote (ENVIRONMENT, specialized) **the practice of growing only one crop or keeping only one type of animal on an area of farm land:** - Extensive irrigation for corn monoculture depletes water resources. **an area of farm land on which only one crop is grown or one type of animal is kept, or the crops grown or animals kept there:** - These vast monocultures have replaced important ecosystems.
40
pharmaceutical US /ˌfɑːr.məˈsuː.t̬ɪ.kəl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**relating to the production of medicines:** - the pharmaceutical industry - a pharmaceutical company/product/journal
41
anti-capitalism US /ˌæn.taɪˈkæp.ə.t̬əl.ɪ.zəm/ ## Footnote (Noun, also anticapitalism)
**beliefs and activities that are opposed to capitalism (= an economic and political system in which property, business, and industry are controlled by private owners rather than by the state, with the purpose of making a profit):**
42
anti-communism US /ˌæn.taɪˈkɑː.mjə.nɪ.zəm/ ## Footnote (Also anti-Communism, anticommunism)
**opposition to political systems based on communism (= the belief in a society without different social classes in which the methods of production are owned and controlled by all its members and everyone works as much as they can and receives what they need):**
43
anti-fascism US /ˌæn.t̬iˈfæʃ.ɪ.zəm/ ## Footnote (noun [ U ] (also anti-Fascism, antifascism))
**opposition to fascism (= a political system based on a very powerful leader, state control with no political opposition allowed, and being extremely proud of your country and race):**
44
anti-liberal US /ˌæn.t̬iˈlɪb.ər.əl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
## Footnote ( antiliberal) opposed to personal, political, or economic freedom :
45
hieroglyphics US /ˌhɑɪ·ər·əˈɡlɪf·ɪks, ˌhɑɪ·rə-/ ## Footnote (Plural nouns)
**pictures or symbols that represent words, used in the writing system of ancient Egypt**
46
archetype US /ˈɑːr.kə.taɪp/ ## Footnote (Noun)
**a typical example of something, or the original model of something from which others are copied:**
47
archetypal US/ˌɑːr.kəˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/) ## Footnote (Adjective, archetypical in **Uk**)
**typical of an original thing from which others are copied:**
48
doomscrolling US /ˈduːm.skroʊ.lɪŋ/ ## Footnote (Noun, uncountable, **humorous**)
**the activity of spending a lot of time looking at your phone or computer and reading bad or negative news stories:**
49
Porta Potti US /ˈpɔːr.t̬ə ˌpɑː.t̬i/ ## Footnote (Noun [ C ] US trademark (also porta potti, porta-potti, porta potty, porta-potty, port-a-potty)
**a brand name for a type of toilet that can be moved and put wherever it is needed, for example when camping :**
50
Portaloo ## Footnote (UK version of porta potty)
**a brand name for a cubicle (= a small space with walls around it and a roof) with a toilet inside, that can be moved and put wherever it is needed, for example at an outside event, or on a building site** - There was no bathroom, so the builders brought their own Porta Potti. - She prefers the term "portable restroom" to "portapotty".
51
Fashionista US /fæʃ.ənˈiː.stə/ ## Footnote (Countable noun)
**someone who works in or writes about the fashion industry**
52
practitioner US /prækˈtɪʃ.ən.ɚ/ ## Footnote (Formal, **C2** countable noun)
**someone involved in a skilled job or activity:**
53
akimbo US /əˈkɪm.boʊ/ ## Footnote (adjective [ after noun ])
**of arms or legs stretched out fully:** - A man with arms akimbo is balancing an enormous metal dish on his head. The dancers balance on their behinds, arms and **legs akimbo.** (**of arms) bent at the elbows (= the middle part of the arms where they bend) with the hands on the hips:** - arms akimbo He stood, **arms akimbo, **refusing to move. **(of legs) far apart or bent outwards in an awkward way:** - legs akimbo The child sits with her legs akimbo under a tree.
54
high-octane US /ˌhaɪˈɑːk.teɪn/ ## Footnote (adjective [ before noun ])
**High-octane fuel is of very good quality:** - high-octane fuel - high-octane petrol **full of energy or very powerful:** - a high-octane performance
55
melodramatic US /ˌmel.ə.drəˈmæt̬.ɪk/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**showing much stronger emotions than are necessary or usual for a situation:**
56
up-and-coming US /ˌʌp.ənˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote (adjective [ usually before noun ])
**likely to achieve success soon or in the near future:**
57
niggardly US /ˈnɪɡ.ɚd.l/ ## Footnote (Adjective, disapproving)
**slight in amount, quality, or effort:**
58
brick wall US/ˈbrɪk ˈwɔl/ ## Footnote (noun [ C usually sing ] )
**something that prevents you from doing something:**
59
multiproblem US /ˌmʌl.tiˈprɑːb.ləm/ ## Footnote (adjective (also multi-problem))
**experiencing several problems, especially social or emotional problems:**
60
antiknocking US /ˌæn.t̬iˈnɑː.kɪŋ/ ## Footnote (adjective [ before noun ])
**having a chemical that makes fuel in a car engine burn more effectively, so that the engine does not make a knocking sound:**
61
preposterous US /prɪˈpɑs·tər·əs/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**completely unreasonable and ridiculous; not to be believed:**
62
juxtaposition~ Comparison US /ˌdʒʌk.stə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ ## Footnote (Uncountable noun)
**the fact of putting things that are not similar next to each other:**
63
toe-curling US /ˈtoʊˌkɝː.lɪŋ/ ## Footnote (adjective UK informal)
**making you feel extremely embarrassed and ashamed for someone else:**
64
enunciate US /ɪˈnʌn.si.eɪt/ ## Footnote (verb formal)
**to pronounce words or parts of words clearly:**
65
decaffeinated US /dɪˈkæf.ə.neɪ.t̬ɪd/ ## Footnote (**C2**, adjective)
**Decaffeinated coffee or tea from has had the caffeine (= a chemical substance) removed**
66
half measures US /ˌhæf ˈmeʒ.ɚz/ ## Footnote (Plural noun, disapproving)
**actions that only achieve part of what they are intended to achieve:**
67
virtuosic US /ˌvər-chü-ˈä-sik / ## Footnote (Adjective and to describe someone who play skillfully *virtuosically*)
**being, relating to, or characteristic of a [virtuoso](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/virtuoso)**
68
methodological US /ˌmeθ.ə.dəlˈɑː.dʒɪ.kəl/ ## Footnote (Adjective, with it’s noun being **methodology**)
**relating to the method used for doing, teaching, or studying something:** - The research uses many _________ approaches.
69
brick-and-mortar ## Footnote (Adjective and before it was noun)
**used to describe a traditional business that operates in a building, when compared to one that operates over the internet:** **- brick-and-mortar stores/retailers** - Online retailers try to lure customers away from their brick-and-mortar competitors.
70
enumerate US /ɪˈnuː.mɚ.eɪt/ ## Footnote (Verb [T], formal)
**to name things separately, one by one:~list**
71
tantamount US /ˈtæn.t̬ə.maʊnt/ ## Footnote (Adjective, formal)
**being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad:** - Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt.
72
clairvoyant *noun [ C ]* UK /ˌkleəˈvɔɪ.ənt/ US /ˌklerˈvɔɪ.ənt/
**a person who says they have powers to see the future or see things that other people cannot see:**
73
binge-watch **verb [ I or T ]** *informal* UK /ˈbɪndʒˌwɒtʃ/ US /ˈbɪndʒˌwɑːtʃ/
**to watch several episodes (= separate parts) of a television series or programme, one after another:**
74
comeuppance **noun [ S ]** iinformal humorous* UK /kʌmˈʌp.əns/ US /kʌmˈʌp.əns/
**a person's bad luck that is considered to be a fair and deserved punishment for something bad that they have done:**
75
**encroach** **verb [ I ]** US /ɪnˈkroʊtʃ/
**to take control or possession of something in a gradual way and often without being noticed:**
76
**hardship** noun **[ C or U ]** UK /ˈhɑːd.ʃɪp/ US /ˈhɑːrd.ʃɪp/ ## Footnote (**C2**)
**(something that causes) difficult or unpleasant conditions of life, or an example of this:**
77
commodity **noun [ C ]** UK /kəˈmɒd.ə.ti/ US /kəˈmɑː.də.t̬i/ ## Footnote (**C2**)
**a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold:**
78
**redundancy** UK /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/ US /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/ ## Footnote (**C2**, specialized, LANGAUGE, noun [ Countable or uncountable ] )
**- a situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them:** **- the unnecessary use of more than one word or phrase meaning the same thing:**
79
**fictitious** ## Footnote (adjective UK /fɪkˈtɪʃ.əs/ US /fɪkˈtɪʃ.əs/)
**invented and not true or not existing:**
80
bonehead US /ˈboʊn.hed/ ## Footnote (Noun [ **C** ] , slang)
**a stupid person** Synonym: _blockhead_ (old-fashioned informal) _dunce_ (disapproving) _dunderhead_ (old-fashioned informal) _knucklehead_ (US informal) _numskull_ (informal)
81
antisemitic US /ˌæn.t̬i.səˈmɪ.tɪk/ ## Footnote (adjective (also anti-Semitic, anti-semitic) )
**showing hatred for Jewish people, or unfair or cruel towards people because they are Jewish:**
82
brutalist US /ˈbruː.t̬əl.ɪst/ ## Footnote (**adjective** • ARCHITECTURE • specialized)
**relating to a style of building in which buildings are large and heavy-looking and often made of concrete:** Furthermore: [brutalism](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/brutalism)
83
animosity US /ˌæn.əˈmɑː.sə.t̬i/ ## Footnote (Noun [ **C** or **U** ])
**strong dislike, opposition, or anger:** • Of course we're competitive, but there's no personal __________ between us. • In spite of his injuries, he bears no ________ towards his attackers. • The European Community helped France and Germany forget the old _________ between them.
84
condescending US /ˌkɑːn.dəˈsen.dɪŋ/ ## Footnote (Adjective, disapproving)
**treating someone as if you are more important or more intelligent than them:** - I hate the way he's so ___________ to his staff!
85
Acute US /əˈkjuːt/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage:** - She felt _________________ embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour. - The problem of poverty is particularly __________________ in rural areas.
86
sociolinguistics US /ˌsoʊ.si.oʊ.lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪks/ ## Footnote (Noun [ U ] )
**the study of how language is used by different groups in society**
87
trilingual US /ˌtraɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**able to speak three languages** Also: [Bilingual](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/bilingual)
88
verbatim US /vɝːˈbeɪ.t̬əm/ ## Footnote (Adverb)
**in a way that uses exactly the same words as were originally used:** • I don’t think I will read the whole thing ___________ to you. • She had an amazing memory and could recall ___________ quite complex conversations
89
House-proud US /ˈhaʊs.praʊd/ ## Footnote (**Adjective**, mainly UK)
**very worried about your house being completely clean and tidy, and spending a lot of time making it so**
90
demure US /dɪˈmjʊr/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**(especially of women) quiet and well behaved:** • She gave him a ________ smile
91
refrigerant US /rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ə.rənt/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ C or U ] )
**a chemical substance that can be used to make or keep things cold:** • Chlorofluorocarbons have been used widely in the production of _____________ like Freon.
92
penniless US /ˈpen.i.ləs/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**having no money:** • She fell in love with a ___________ artist.
93
overproduction US /ˌoʊ.vɚ.prəˈdʌk.ʃən/ ## Footnote (** noun** [ C or U ] )
**the action of producing more of something than is needed, or producing too much:** • The company is in a bad financial position because of ________________. • Many of these subsidies encourage ________________..
94
determinant US /dɪˈtɝː.mɪ.nənt/ ## Footnote (** noun** [ C ], formal)
**something that controls or affects what happens in a particular situation:** • Soil and climate are the main _____________ _of_ how land is used.
95
Disreputable US /dɪsˈrep.jə.t̬ə.bəl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**not trusted or respected; thought to have a bad character:** • Some of the more _____________ newspapers made false claims about her private life. • a _____________ young man
96
Enfranchisement US /ɪnˈfræn.tʃaɪz.mənt/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ U ])
**the fact of giving a person or group of people the right to vote in elections:** • New models of democratic ________________ are needed. • Redrawing voting districts addresses the issue of voter ________________.
97
Awestruck US /ˈɑː.strʌk/ ## Footnote (also awestricken, UK/ˈɔː.strɪk.ən/ US/ˈɑː.strɪk.ən/)
**filled with feelings of admiration or respect:** • an ____________ *admirer/fan/visitor/tourist* • I could tell she was impressed from the ____________ expression on her face.
98
Photogenic US /ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈdʒen.ɪk/ ## Footnote (**Adjective**)
**having a face that looks attractive in photographs**
99
preclude US /prəˈkluːd/ ## Footnote (verb [ T ] formal)
**to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something:** • His contract ____________ him **from** discussing his work with anyone outside the company. • The fact that your application was not successful this time does not ____________ the possibility of you applying again next time.
100
Brass neck US /ˌbræs ˈnek/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ S or U ] *UK informal disapproving*)
**a type of behaviour where someone is extremely confident about their own actions but does not understand that their behaviour is unacceptable to others:** • She's got a ___________ to ask for a day off when we're so busy.
101
Blasphemy US /ˈblæs.fə.mi/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ C or U ])
**something that you say or do that shows you do not respect God or a religion:**
102
Overzealous US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈzel.əs/ ## Footnote (**adjective** disapproving)
**too enthusiastic and eager:** • He had to be protected from ___________ fans. • They were a little ___________ in eliminating risk.
103
indiscernible US /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɝː.nə.bəl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**impossible to see, see clearly, or understand:**
104
steadfast US /ˈsted.fæst/ ## Footnote (adjective approving)
**staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly:** • a _steadfast friend/ally_ • steadfast _loyalty_ • The group remained steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in the newspapers. Synonym: loyal staunch unfaltering
105
subservient US /səbˈsɝː.vi.ənt/ ## Footnote (adjective disapproving)
**willing to do what other people want, or considering your wishes as less important than those of other people:** • Women were expected to adopt a subservient *role/position.* • His other interests *were subservient* to his compelling passion for art.
106
Placate US /ˈpleɪ.keɪt/ ## Footnote (verb [ T ])
**to stop someone from feeling angry:**
107
Hyperactive US /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈæk.tɪv/ ## Footnote (**Adjective**, (informal hyper) )
**Someone who is hyperactive has more energy than is normal, gets excited easily, and cannot stay still or think about work:**
108
Dogpile /ˈdȯg-ˌpī(-ə)/ ## Footnote (**variants** or dog pile or dog-pile **plural** dogpiles or dog piles or dog-piles)
**a mass of people who have piled on top of one another (as in celebrating a sports victory or while fighting)**
109
egregious US /ɪˈɡriː.dʒəs/ ## Footnote (**adjective** formal disapproving)
**extremely bad in a way that is very noticeable:** • **egregious error** It was an egregious error for a statesman to show such ignorance.
110
Scapegoat US /ˈskeɪp.ɡoʊt/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ C ])
**a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done:** • The captain was **made a scapegoat** for the team's failure. Synonym: [whipping boy](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/whipping-boy)
111
antiseptic US /ˌæn.t̬iˈsep.tɪk/ ## Footnote (**noun** [ C or U ])
**a chemical used for preventing infection in an injury, especially by killing bacteria:**
112
quintessential /ˌkwɪntɪˈsɛnʃl / ## Footnote (Adjective)
**representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class:** ▸he was the quintessential tough guy—strong, silent, and self-contained.
113
sub-zero US /sʌbˈzɪroʊ/ ## Footnote (adjective)
**are temperatures below zero degrees.**
114
editorial/ˌed.əˈtɔːr.i.əl/ ## Footnote (Adjective)
**relating to the editor (= the person in charge) or editors of a newspaper, magazine, television programme, etc. and to the power to decide what is published or shown in it:** • **editorial independence** The newspaper's staff insisted on complete editorial independence from its owners. • **editorial decision** Editorial decisions on the show are made by senior news editors. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **relating to someone who writes, corrects, or changes pieces of text to be published, or their work:** • **editorial content** There are more ads on the page than editorial content. • **editorial staff** They increased the budget so they could hire more editorial staff. • Many jobs in publishing are marketing jobs rather than editorial.
115
non-aggression US /ˌnɑːn.əˈɡreʃ.ən/ ## Footnote (noun [ U ] • formal)
**a situation in which countries or groups avoid fighting each other:** • **Non-aggression** pact.
116
non-aggression US /ˌnɑːn.əˈɡreʃ.ən/ ## Footnote (noun [ U ] • formal)
**a situation in which countries or groups avoid fighting each other:** • **Non-aggression** pact.
117
Undoing US /ʌnˈduː.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote (noun [ S ] formal)
**the cause of someone's failure, or of someone's loss of power or money:** • Greed has been **the** undoing **of** many a businessman.
118
megalomaniac US /ˌmeɡ.əl.əˈmeɪ.ni.æk/ ## Footnote (noun [ C ])
**someone who has an unnaturally strong wish for power and control, or thinks that they are much more important and powerful than they really are:** • He has been accused of being a megalomaniac.
119
emancipation US /iˌmæn.səˈpeɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote noun [ U ]
**the process of giving people social or political freedom and rights:** 1. women's/female emancipation 2. black emancipation ____________________________________________________________________________ **the act of freeing a person from another person's control:** 1. emancipation from slavery ____________________________________________________________________________ US HISTORY **The Emancipation Proclamation, made by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, freed slaves in the southern American states during the US Civil War.**
120
Proclaimation US /ˌprɑː.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote noun [ C or U ]
**an official announcement:** 1. to issue a proclamation 2. A bloody civil war followed the proclamation of an independent state.
121
word salad US /ˈwɜ˞ːd ˌsæl.əd/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ]
**a mixture of words or phrases that is confused and difficult to understand:** 1. Your explanation is a pompous word salad, with absolutely no meaning. 2. Speech disorganization can involve words blended together into incomprehensible statements, also known as word salad.
122
inclination US /ˌɪn.kləˈneɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun**
**a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing:** *[ + to infinitive ]* 1. My own inclination would be to look for another job. 2. We should be basing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches. Synonyms: desire (WANT) persuasion (BELIEFS) tendency willingness wish (WANT)
123
disconcerting US /ˌdɪs.kənˈsɝː.t̬ɪŋ/ ## Footnote adjective
**making someone feel uncertain and uncomfortable or worried:** 1. There was a disconcerting silence. 2. His message is deeply disconcerting for anyone who values democracy. See: [Disconcert](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/disconcert)
124
discordant US /dɪˈskɔːr.dənt/ ## Footnote Adjective
**producing an unpleasant sound** Synonyms: [cacophonous](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cacophonous) [dissonant](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dissonant) formal or specialized grating harsh (TOO STRONG)shrill strident (LOUD) tuneless
125
cacophonous US /kəˈkɑː.fə.nəs/ ## Footnote adjective
**having an unpleasant mixture of sounds:** 1. We woke up to the cacophonous sound of birds. 2. The restaurant is a cacophonous, high-ceilinged room. Acronyms: [euphonious](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/euphonious) formal harmonious (MUSIC) melodious formal tuneful
126
euphonious US /juːˈfoʊ.ni.əs/ ## Footnote adjective formal
**having a pleasant sound**
127
discontented US /ˌdɪs.kənˈten.t̬ɪd/ ## Footnote **adjective** and **C1**
**feeling unhappy because you want better treatment or an improved situation:** 1. He had to cope with large numbers of discontented passengers. discontented with Nurses are increasingly discontented with changes in their workplace. 2. After being married for a few years she grew discontented. Furthermore: [discontent](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/discontent)
128
quarrelsome US /ˈkwɔːr.əl.səm/ ## Footnote **adjective** disapproving
**A quarrelsome person repeatedly argues with other people.**
129
wet blanket US /ˌwet ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually singular ] disapproving
**a person who says or does something that stops other people enjoying themselves** **Synonyms:** killjoy disapproving party pooper humorous spoilsport informal disapproving stick-in-the-mud informal disapproving
130
stick-in-the-mudUS /ˈstɪk.ɪn.ðəˌmʌd/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] informal disapproving
**someone who is old-fashioned and too serious and avoids enjoyable activities:** 1. My dad's a real stick-in-the-mud.
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spendthrift US /ˈspend.θrɪft/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**someone who spends a lot of money in a way that wastes it:** 1. Max was a spendthrift and a heavy gambler. 2. I'm not a spendthrift, although sometimes if I see something on sale, I'll get three because it's a good deal. Comparision: [spender](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/spender)
132
Breathalyzer US /ˈbreθ.əl.aɪz.ɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] US trademark *(UK breathalyser)*
**a brand name for a device like a small bag, with a tube at one end, that the police can ask a driver to blow into to see how much alcohol the driver has drunk**
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altruistic US /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**showing a wish to help or bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself:**
134
sophomore US /ˈsɑː.fə.mɔːr/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] US
**a student studying in the second year of a course at a US college or high school (= a school for students aged 15 to 18)**
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frenemy US /ˈfren.ə.mi/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] informal
**person who pretends to be your friend but is in fact an enemy:** 1. Her only friends are a trio of catty frenemies she hasn't seen in months.
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frenetically US /frəˈnet̬.ɪ.kəl.i/ ## Footnote **adverb**
**in a way that involves a lot of excited movement or activity:** 1. Both sides worked frenetically to gather support. 2. He plays the main character in this frenetically enjoyable action comedy. *See* [frenetic](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/frenetic)
137
intraventricular US /ˌɪn.trə.venˈtrɪk.jə.lɚ/ ## Footnote **adjective** MEDICAL specialized *(also intra-ventricular)*
**inside or into a ventricle (= either of two small, hollow spaces, one in each side of the heart):** 1. The therapy has also been shown to reduce the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm neonates. Intraventricular administration of the drug carries its own risks. 20 patients affected by intra-ventricular haemorrhage were observed.
138
Intramural /ˌɪntrəˈmjʊərəl/
Occurring within the walls or limits of an institution or organization. Example: An intramural sports league within a university.
139
Intramuscular /ˌɪntrəˈmʌskjʊlər/
Situated or occurring within a muscle. Example: An intramuscular injection of a vaccine.
140
Intranet /ˈɪntrənet/
A private network contained within an enterprise, accessible only to employees or authorized users. Example: A company intranet for internal communication.
141
Intrastate /ˌɪntrəˈsteɪt/
Occurring or existing within a particular state or country. Example: Intrastate commerce within California.
142
Intravenous /ˌɪntrəˈviːnəs/
Situated or occurring within a vein. Example: Intravenous administration of fluids during surgery.
143
Intrauterine /ˌɪntrəˈjuːtəraɪn/
Situated or occurring within the uterus. Example: An intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control.
144
Intracellular /ˌɪntrəsɛˈljuːlər/
Occurring or situated within a cell. Example: Intracellular parasites like viruses.
145
Intracranial /ˌɪntrəˈkreɪniəl/
Situated or occurring within the cranium (skull). Example: Intracranial pressure due to a head injury.
146
Intradermal /ˌɪntrəˈdɜːrməl/
Situated or occurring within the dermis (skin). Example: An intradermal injection for a tuberculin skin test.
147
Intraductal /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəl/
Situated or occurring within a duct. Example: Intraductal papilloma in the breast.
148
Intraepithelial /ˌɪntrəˌɛpɪˈθiːliəl/
Situated or occurring within the epithelium. Example: Intraepithelial neoplasia in the cervix.
149
Intrahepatic /ˌɪntrəhɪˈpætɪk/
Situated or occurring within the liver. Example: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
150
Intraluminal /ˌɪntrəˈluːmɪnəl/
Situated or occurring within the lumen (cavity) of a tubular organ. Example: Intraluminal stent placement in a blood vessel.
151
Intramembranous /ˌɪntrəˈmembrənəs/
Situated or occurring within a membrane. Example: Intramembranous ossification in bone formation.
152
Intranasal /ˌɪntrəˈneɪzəl/
Situated or occurring within the nose. Example: Intranasal administration of a flu vaccine.
153
Intraneural /ˌɪntrəˈnjʊərəl/
Situated or occurring within a nerve. Example: Intraneural injection for local anesthesia.
154
Intranuclear /ˌɪntrəˈnjuːkliər/
Situated or occurring within the nucleus of a cell. Example: Intranuclear inclusions in viral infections.
155
Intraocular /ˌɪntrəˈɒkjʊlər/
Situated or occurring within the eye. Example: Intraocular pressure measurement for glaucoma.
156
Intraoperative /ˌɪntrəˌɒpəˈreɪtɪv/
Occurring or performed during a surgical operation. Example: Intraoperative monitoring of vital signs.
157
Intraoral /ˌɪntrəˈɔːrəl/
Situated or occurring within the mouth. Example: Intraoral camera for dental examinations.
158
Intraparenchymal /ˌɪntrəpærˈɛnkɪməl/
Situated or occurring within the parenchyma (functional tissue) of an organ. Example: Intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the brain.
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Intrapartum /ˌɪntrəˈpɑːrtəm/
Occurring during childbirth. Example: Intrapartum fetal monitoring.
160
Intraperitoneal /ˌɪntrəpɛrɪtəˈniːəl/
Situated or occurring within the peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity). Example: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
161
Intrapleural /ˌɪntrəˈplʊərəl/
Situated or occurring within the pleural cavity (space around the lungs). Example: Intrapleural administration of medication for pleural effusion.
162
Intrapulmonary /ˌɪntrəˈpʌlmənəri/
Situated or occurring within the lungs. Example: Intrapulmonary shunting in respiratory failure.
163
Intrarenal /ˌɪntrəˈriːnəl/
Situated or occurring within the kidney. Example: Intrarenal calculi (kidney stones).
164
Intraspecific /ˌɪntrəspɪˈsɪfɪk/
Occurring within a single species. Example: Intraspecific competition among members of a wolf pack.
165
Intrathoracic /ˌɪntrəθɔːˈræsɪk/
Situated or occurring within the thorax (chest). Example: Intrathoracic goiter (enlarged thyroid gland within the chest).
166
Intrathecal /ˌɪntrəˈθiːkəl/
Situated or occurring within the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord. Example: Intrathecal administration of anesthesia for spinal block.
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Intratubular /ˌɪntrəˈtjuːbjʊlər/
Situated or occurring within a tubule. Example: Intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the testes.
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Intratumoral /ˌɪntrətjuːˈmɔːrəl/
Situated or occurring within a tumor. Example: Intratumoral injection of a drug for cancer treatment.
169
Intravascular /ˌɪntrəvæsˈkjʊlər/
Situated or occurring within a blood vessel. Example: Intravascular ultrasound for imaging blood vessels.
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Intravesical /ˌɪntrəˈvɛsɪkəl/
Situated or occurring within the urinary bladder. Example: Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer.
171
Intravitreal /ˌɪntrəˈvɪtriəl/
Situated or occurring within the vitreous body of the eye. Example: Intravitreal injection of medication for macular degeneration.
172
Intravital /ˌɪntrəˈvaɪtəl/
Occurring or situated within living tissue or a living organism. Example: Intravital microscopy for studying blood flow in living animals.
173
extravehicular US/ˌek-strə-vē-ˈhi-kyə-lər / ## Footnote **adjective**
**taking place outside a vehicle (such as a spacecraft)** • extravehicular activity.
174
remediate US /rɪˈmiː.di.eɪt/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] formal
**to correct something that is wrong or damaged or to improve a bad situation:** 1. It's a problem that we will need to continue to monitor and remediate. **Synonyms** rectify remedy formal repair
175
robust US /roʊˈbʌst/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail:** 1. He looks robust and healthy enough. 2. a robust pair of walking boots 3. a robust economy Related word: Robustness (Noun)
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at-risk US /ətˈrɪsk/ ## Footnote **adjective** [ before noun ]
**in danger of being harmed or damaged, or of dying:** • at-risk children/patients • Many residents in at-risk areas move their cars to higher ground when floods threaten. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **in a dangerous situation:** • at risk of All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding. The research shows that people who are exposed to very loud noise in the course of their work are at risk of hearing loss. • Unless food reaches them soon, these people are at risk of starvation. • The alarming truth is that a quarter of the world's wild mammal species are now at risk of extinction. • Health officials have been accused of unnecessarily putting lives at risk. • They failed to deal with the radioactive waste and, in so doing, put people's lives at risk. • The recession has put many jobs at risk. *See also* • risk noun ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ at-risk | BUSINESS ENGLISH at-risk adjective [ before noun ] UK US **used to describe a part of some employees' pay that they only get if they do their job well:** • at-risk pay/compensation No at-risk pay is awarded for performance that does not meet expectations. • Under the agreement, the term "annual base pay rate" will be redefined to exclude all at-risk compensation. Compare performance-related sales commission variable pay
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superstition US /ˌsuː.pɚˈstɪʃ.ən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ]
**belief that is not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected with old ideas about magic, etc.:** • According to superstition, if you walk under a ladder it brings you bad luck. • I don't believe in the old superstition that the number 13 is unlucky.
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homestead US /ˈhoʊm.sted/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a house and the surrounding area of land, usually used as a farm** ________________________________________________________ **Or in the past the land given by the government for farming** | *Mainly use for US* or *US in the past*
179
immunosuppression US /ˌɪm.jə.noʊ.səˈpreʃ.ən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] -MEDICAL -specialized
**_a situation in which the body's immune system is intentionally stopped from working_, or is made less effective, usually by drugs, especially in order to help the body accept an organ that has been taken from another person's body:** - High levels of immunosuppression are needed to prevent rejection of transplanted tissue or organs.
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mentee US /menˈtiː/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a person who is helped by a mentor (= a person who gives a younger or less experienced person help and advice over a period of time, especially at work or school):** - Discussions between the mentor and mentee are not shared with the school administration. - A senior manager takes a personal interest in the development of a more junior employee, with a view to helping the mentee prepare for a more senior post.
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earworm US /ˈɪr.wɝːm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a song that you keep hearing in your head** | **Informal**
182
requiem US /ˈrek.wi.əm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a mass (= a Christian ceremony) at which people honour and pray for a dead person:** - a requiem mass ____________________________________________________________________________ **a piece of music written for this ceremony:** - Mozart's/Verdi's Requiem
183
catcall US /ˈkæt.kɑːl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (also **cat-call**)
**a loud shout or whistle (= a high sound made by blowing) expressing disapproval, especially made by people in a crowd:** - He walked out of the meeting to jeers and catcalls. - The film had an angry accompaniment of shouts and catcalls from sections of the audience. ____________________________________________________________________________ **a loud insulting remark or whistle (= a high sound made by blowing), usually expressing unwanted sexual interest:** - Catcalls and ribald suggestions followed us down the street. - There were catcalls and obscene remarks as she tried to pass the men blocking the pavement
184
con artist US /ˈkɑːn ˌɑːr.t̬ɪst/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (also _con man_, _con woman_); (UK also _confidence trickster_)
**a person who deceives other people by making them believe something false or making them give money away**
185
countryman US /ˈkʌn.tri.mən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] plural -men
**a man or person from your own country:** - *fellow countryman* Didn't he feel guilty about betraying his fellow countrymen and women?
186
technophile UK /ˈteknəfaɪl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a person who is interested in modern technology and enjoys using it:** - These are the top-ten gadget gifts under $50 for the technophile.
187
countenance US /ˈkaʊn.t̬ən.əns/ ## Footnote **noun** formal
**the appearance or expression of someone's face:** - He was of noble countenance. | [ U or C ]
188
contraindication US /ˌkɑːn.trəˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] MEDICAL specialized
**a sign that someone should not continue with a particular medicine or treatment because it is or might be harmful**
189
multiracial US /ˌmʌl.tiˈreɪ.ʃəl/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**involving people of several different races:** - The international school’s student population was both multiracial and multilingual. - It was the first film in the franchise which had a multiracial cast. - Regional census forms allow people with multiracial ancestry to tick more than one box for race or ethnicity. - South Africa's first multiracial elections took place in 1994. a multiracial school **having parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents of different races:**
190
memorabilia US /ˌmem.ər.əˈbɪl.i.ə/ ## Footnote **noun** [ plural ]
**objects that are collected because they are connected with a person or event that is thought to be very interesting:** - an auction of pop memorabilia - Beatles memorabilia
191
backhanded compliment US /ˌbæk.hæn.dɪd ˈkɑːm.plə.mənt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (also back-handed compliment) or (US also _left-handed compliment_)
**a remark that seems to say something pleasant about a person but could also be an insult:** - I say this unironically, and not as a backhanded compliment. **behaviour or an action that seems to suggest something good about someone or something but could also be an insult:** - It was a backhanded compliment that the worst criminals sought him out to represent them.
192
coddle US /ˈkɑː.dəl/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ]
**to cook food, especially eggs, in water just below boiling temperature:** - coddled eggs
193
scatterbrained US /ˈskæt̬.ɚ.breɪnd/ ## Footnote **adjective** informal
**often forgetting or losing things, or not thinking seriously about things:** - My husband is scatterbrained and I have always run the house financially. More: [scatterbrain](htthttps://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/scatterbrainp://)
194
womanizer US /ˈwʊm.naɪ.zɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (UK usually *womaniser*)
**a man who often has temporary sexual relationships with women or tries to get women to have sex with him:** - He was a gambler, a womanizer, and a drunk. - He had a reputation as a family man, but was actually a serial womanizer. Related: womanize
195
concupiscence US /kɑːnˈkjuː.pə.səns/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] formal
**sexual desire**
196
mystify US /ˈmɪs.tə.faɪ/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T often passive ]
**to confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain:** - I was mystified by her decision. - Most Americans are totally mystified by the English game of cricket. *Các từ đồng nghĩa* baffle bemuse bewilder flummox informal perplex puzzle *Đối lập* demystify
197
normality US /nɔːrˈmæl.ə.t̬i/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] also (US also _normalcy_)
**the state of being normal:** - Now that the civil war is over, relative normality has returned to the south of the country.
198
reconcile US /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ]
**to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together:** - It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion. - It's difficult to reconcile such different points of view.
199
heuristic US /hjuːˈrɪs.tɪk/ ## Footnote **adjective** specialized
**(of a method of teaching) allowing students to learn by discovering things themselves and learning from their own experiences rather than by telling them things** **arriving at a solution by trying different actions to see if they produce the result that is wanted, rather than using strict rules:** - A genetic algorithm is a heuristic search that simulates the natural environment of biological and genetic evolution. | EDUCATION AND COMPUTING
200
perturb US /pɚˈtɝːb/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] formal
**to worry someone:** - News of the arrest perturbed her greatly.
201
practicum US/ˈpræk.tɪ.kəm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a period of time during which a student works for a company or organization in order to get experience of a particular type of work:** - The course includes a practicum in a hospital or clinic. - As a primary teacher on a practicum, I'm keen to get as much experience as possible.
202
amass US /əˈmæs/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ]
**to get a large amount of something, especially money or information, by collecting it over a long period:** - She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels. - Some of his colleagues envy the enormous wealth that he has amassed.
203
figurehead US /ˈfɪɡ.jɚ.hed/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**someone who has the position of leader in an organization but who has no real power:** - The president of this company is just a figurehead - the Chief Executive has day-to-day control.
204
gut-wrenching US /ˈɡʌtˌrentʃ.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote **adjective** informal
**making you feel very upset or worried:** - gut-wrenching scenes of bloodshed
205
fanatic US /fəˈnæt̬.ɪk/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ], **C2** and informal or disapproving
**a person who is extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable:** - a fitness/film fanatic ____________________________________________________________________________ **a person who has very extreme beliefs that may lead them to behave in unreasonable or violent ways:** - religious fanatics
206
foolproof US /ˈfuːl.pruːf/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**(of a plan or machine) so simple and easy to understand that it is unable to go wrong or be used wrongly:** - I don't believe there's any such thing as a foolproof system for making money. - This new recipe is supposed to be foolproof.
207
spot on US /ˌspɑːt ˈɑːn/ ## Footnote **adjective** [ after verb ] UK informal
**exactly right:** - "How old do I reckon she is? I'd say 38." "Spot on."
208
long shot US /ˈlɑːŋ ˌʃɑːt/ ## Footnote noun [ **C** usually singular ]
**something you try although it is unlikely to be successful:** - It's a long shot, but you could try phoning him at home.
209
second class US /ˌsek.ənd ˈklæs/ ## Footnote **adjective** (also **second-class**)
**less important than other people:** - second class citizen Women are still treated as second class citizens.
210
histrionic US /ˌhɪs.triˈɑː.nɪk/ ## Footnote **adjective** disapproving
**very emotional and energetic, but not sincere or without real meaning:** - a histrionic outburst - She put on a histrionic display of grief at the funeral. Snynonym: melodramatic
211
self-absorbed US /ˌself.əbˈzɔːrbd/ ## Footnote **adjective** usually disapproving
**only interested in yourself and your own activities** Related: Self-centered Egocentric
212
stupendously US /stuːˈpen.dəs.li/ ## Footnote **adverb**
**in a way that is very surprising, especially by being large in amount, size, or degree:** - Our charity appeal has been stupendously successful. - The crew is stupendously ill-trained. ____________________________________________________________________________ **extremely well:** - You are working stupendously! - The Lion King did stupendously because it was a good movie. Related: Stupendous
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grandiose US /ˈɡræn.di.oʊs/ ## Footnote **adjective** disapproving
**larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great:** - grandiose schemes/designs/ideas for making money
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weaponize US /ˈwep.ən.aɪz/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] (UK usually **weaponise**)
**to turn bacteria, poisonous chemicals, etc. into weapons that could kill or injure many people** ___________________________________________________________________________ **to make it possible to use something to attack a person or group:** - They claimed that the security agency had weaponized the internet. - He hoped to weaponize the issue of healthcare as part of his election campaign. Related: weaponization
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prevalent US /ˈprev.əl.ənt/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**existing very commonly or happening often:** - These diseases are more prevalent among young children. - Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. Snynonyms: predominant rife formal
216
condiment US /ˈkɑːn.də.mənt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] formal
**a substance, such as salt, that you add to food to improve its taste**
217
neurodivergent US /ˌnʊr.oʊ.dɪˈvɝː.dʒənt/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**having or related to a type of brain that is often considered as different from what is usual, for example that of someone who has autism:** - The report claimed that around 20% of high school students in America are neurodivergent. - There are many different types of developmental neurodivergent conditions. Opposite: Neurotypical Compare: [Neurodiverse](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/neurodiverse)
218
bravado US /brəˈvɑː.doʊ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**courage that you show, especially by doing something unnecessary and dangerous, to make people admire you:** - act of bravado It was an act of bravado to tell his boss to resign. - These are young men full of bravado. (Sĩ diện, ngông)
219
quintessential US /ˌkwɪn.tɪˈsen.ʃəl/ ## Footnote **Adjective** formal
**being the most typical example or most important part of something:** - Sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican cheese.
220
sweatshop US /ˈswet.ʃɑːp/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] disapproving
**a small factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions:** - sweatshop conditions
221
heroize US/ˈher-ə-ˌwīz/
**to make sth heroic**
222
overboard US /ˈoʊ.vɚ.bɔːrd/ ## Footnote **adverb**
**over the side of a boat or ship and into the water:** - Someone had fallen overboard.
223
deus ex machina US /ˌdeɪ.əs eks ˈmɑː.kɪ.nə/ ## Footnote **noun** [ S ] formal
**an unnatural or very unlikely end to a story or event, that solves or removes any problems too easily**
224
ingenuity US /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.t̬i/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**someone's ability to think of clever new ways of doing something:** - I was impressed by the ingenuity and energy of the contestants. - It took some time and a little ingenuity, but we were able to rescue the animals.
225
cynic US /ˈsɪn.ɪk/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] disapproving
**a person who believes that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere:** - I'm too much of a cynic to believe that he'll keep his promise. - A cynic might say that the government has only taken this measure because it is concerned about its declining popularity. Related: cynical (adj) cynically (adv) cynicism (a belief)
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Machiavellian US /ˌmæk.i.əˈvel.i.ən/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**using clever but often dishonest methods that deceive people so that you can win power or control**
227
cathartic US /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**involving the release of strong emotions through a particular activity or experience:** - a cathartic experience - I find it very cathartic to dance.
228
well-earned US /ˌwel ˈɝːnd/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**deserved because of what you have done or experienced:** - *[ before noun ]* Liz won't be at work next week - she's having a well-earned rest.
229
loose cannon US /ˌluːs ˈkæn.ən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] disapproving
**someone who behaves in an uncontrolled or unexpected way and is likely to cause problems for other people:** - He's seen as something of a loose cannon by other team members. - I don't think we can take a risk on a loose cannon like him running our country.someone who behaves in an uncontrolled or unexpected way and is likely to cause problems for other people: - He's seen as something of a loose cannon by other team members. - I don't think we can take a risk on a loose cannon like him running our country. Snynonym: have a screw loose (idiom) loose your marbles (idiom)
230
devalue US /ˌdiːˈvæl.juː/ ## Footnote **verb**
**to reduce the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money:** - Last year Mexico was forced to devalue the peso.
231
libertine US /ˈlɪb.ɚ.tiːn/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] disapproving and _old-fashioned_ or _literary_
**a person, usually a man, who has few moral principles and has sexual relationships with many people:** - She considers him an arrogant, dandified libertine. - The infamous libertine Casanova was more complex than the sexual braggart he is often depicted as. ___________________________________________________________________________ **someone who forms their own opinions and beliefs about religion:** - Like many libertines, he defames the deity in the hope of provoking a reprisal, which will at least demonstrate whether God exists.
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licentiously US /laɪˈsen.ʃəs.li/ ## Footnote **adverb** formal disapproving
**sexually, in a way that is uncontrolled and socially unacceptable:** - Many women will behave as licentiously as any philandering male. relating: licentious
233
snowball US /ˈsnoʊ.bɑːl/ ## Footnote **verb** [ I ]
**If a plan, problem, idea, etc. snowballs, it quickly grows bigger and more important:** - I suggested a few drinks after work, and the whole thing snowballed into a company party.
234
daredevil US /ˈderˌdev.əl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] informal
**a person who does dangerous things and takes risks**
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second nature US /ˌsek.ənd ˈneɪ.tʃɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**If something is second nature to you, you are so familiar with it that you can do it easily without needing to think very much about it:** - I used to hate computers, but using them is second nature **to** me now.
236
outcast US /ˈaʊt.kæst/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a person who has no place in their society or in a particular group, because the society or group refuses to accept them:** - She has spent her life trying to help the homeless and other social outcasts. - She was a political outcast after the Party expelled her in 1982. Snynonym and related: pariah black sheep Comparision: [castaway](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/castaway)
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stressor US /ˈstres.ɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] - PSYCHOLOGY, - BIOLOGY - specialized
**something that causes great worry or emotional difficulty or a negative physical effect on the body:** - Constant noise can be a stressor. - The number one stressor in life is feeling responsible for things we can't control. - Temperature fluctuations are a stressor of fish.
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theatrics US /θiˈæt.rɪks/ ## Footnote **noun** [ plural ]
**behaviour that is intended to get attention:** - He needs to cut out the unnecessary theatrics on the football pitch. ___________________________________________________________________________ **plays and acting:** - Both boys are into theatrics and were in numerous school plays. Related: Theatrical
239
guinea pig US /ˈɡɪn.i ˌpɪɡ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (also **guineapig**)
**a person used in a scientific test, for example to discover the effect of a drug on humans:** *also* **A small animal similar to a mouse**: - They're asking for students to be guinea pigs in their research into the common cold.
240
grimdark US /ˈɡrɪm.dɑːrk/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**a type of fantasy fiction (= stories that are not set in the real world) with characters who behave in ways that are morally bad and a subject matter that is sad, hopeless, or violent:** - They prefer grimdark to more uplifting genres of fiction. - Is this going to be the end of the grimdark and gore that has so integrated itself into comics over the last decade? - Warhammer 40k is a grimdark piece of literature.
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ultimatum US /ˌʌl.təˈmeɪ.t̬əm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] with plural _ultimatums_ or _ultimata_
**a threat in which a person or group of people are warned that if they do not do a particular thing, something unpleasant will happen to them. It is usually the last and most extreme in a series of actions taken to bring about a particular result:** - He **gave** her an ultimatum - she could either stop seeing Peter and come back to him or it was divorce. - On Wednesday night the UN **issued** its toughest ultimatum to date, demanding that all troops withdraw from the city.
242
white-collar crime US /ˌwaɪt.kɑː.lɚ ˈkraɪm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ]
**crime or a single crime that is committed by a person who works in an office or a similar place, usually by a professional person (= a person who has the type of job that involves a high level of education and training) in connection with their work:** - There have been continued increases in white-collar crime, violent crime, organized crime, and fraud.
243
snake oil US /ˈsneɪk ˌɔɪl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ] **disapproving**
**something that is described or sold as being useful but that has no value and may be harmful:** - It is not true that all books of investment advice offer snake oil or *pseudoscience.* - Schools are vulnerable to vendors selling educational snake oils if teachers lack the information to make good decisions about materials.
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pseudoscience US /ˈsuː.doʊ.saɪ.əns/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ] mainly US, and (also mainly UK *pseudo-science*)
**a system of thought or a theory that is not formed in a scientific way:** - No lie was too big to tell, no bit of pseudoscience too ridiculous to pass off as legitimate. - It has been dismissed as pseudoscience - sometimes downright dangerous.
245
debacle US /dɪˈbɑː.kəl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a complete failure, especially because of bad planning and organization:** - The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history. Snynonym: Fiasco
246
cold-shoulder US /ˌkoʊldˈʃoʊl.dɚ/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ]
**to deliberately ignore someone in an unfriendly way:** - He found himself being cold-shouldered by his former colleagues. - To give sb the cold shoulder.
247
eye candy US /ˈaɪ ˌkæn.di/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] informal
**someone or something that is attractive but not very interesting or useful:** - Most of the images on the website are not more than eye candy.
248
lethargy US /ˈleθ.ɚ.dʒi/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**the feeling of having little energy or of being unable or unwilling to do anything:** - Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, and vomiting.
249
extrapolate US /ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt/ ## Footnote **verb** [ I or T ]
**to guess or think about what might happen using information that is already known:** - **extrapolate from** Extrapolating from the exit poll, this would amount to about 50,000 new votes. - **extrapolate something from** something You can't really extrapolate a trend from such a small sample.
250
rejuvenate US /rɪˈdʒuː.vən.eɪt/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ]
**to make someone look or feel young and energetic again:** - She felt rejuvenated by her fortnight in the Bahamas. **to make an organization or system more effective by introducing new methods, ideas, or people:** - He has decided to rejuvenate the team by bringing in a lot of new, young players. Related: Rejuvenated (adj) Rejuvanation (n)
251
self-reflection US /ˌself.rɪˈflek.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**the activity of thinking about your own feelings and behaviour, and the reasons that may lie behind them:** - He seems to be incapable of self-reflection. - It is only in quiet moments of self-reflection that we can really address such problems.
252
far-fetched US /ˌfɑːrˈfetʃt/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**very unlikely to be true, and difficult to believe:** - a far-fetched idea/story
253
dim-witted US /ˌdɪmˈwɪt̬.ɪd/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**Stupid**
254
no-brainer US /ˌnoʊˈbreɪ.nɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ S ] informal
**something such as a decision that is very easy or obvious:** - The decision was a complete no-brainer.
255
nut-job US /ˈnʌt ˌdʒɑːb/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] informal
**someone who is crazy, silly, or strange:**
256
Idiot-savant US /ˌɪ.di.ət sævˈɑːnt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ], plural **idiots savants** or or **idiot savants**
**someone who has a mental disability but who is very good at doing a particular thing, for example remembering things**
257
Nosedive US /ˈnoʊz.daɪv/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually singular ]
**a fast and sudden fall to the ground with the front pointing down:** - The plane roared overhead and went into a nosedive. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **a sudden fast fall in prices, value, etc.:** - There was alarm in the markets when the dollar took a nosedive.
258
band-aid solution US /ˌbænd.eɪd səˈluː.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun [ C ] mainly US**
**a temporary solution that does not deal with the cause of a problem:** - Tax credits given to students are merely a band-aid solution to the rising cost of getting an education.
259
across-the-board US /əˌkrɑːs.ðəˈbɔːrd/ ## Footnote **Adjective** before noun
**affecting everyone or everything within an organization, system, or society:** - The proposed across-the-board cuts for all state agencies will total $84 million.
260
heart-to-heart US /ˌhɑːrt.təˈhɑːrt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually singular ] (also **heart to heart**)
**a serious conversation between two people, usually close friends, in which they talk honestly about their feelings:** - **have a heart-to-heart** We had a heart-to-heart over a bottle of wine. - In heart-to-hearts with my best friend, I confessed that I hated the way I had behaved. - He and I had a heart to heart and discussed the various problems at length. - In this episode after Captain America takes Hulk [under his wing](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/take-under-wing), they have a heart-to-heart conversation.
261
devil's advocate US /ˌdev.əlz ˈæd.və.kət/ ## Footnote **Noun**, C and usually singular
**someone who pretends, in an argument or discussion, to be against an idea or plan that a lot of people support, in order to make people discuss and consider it in more detail:** - play devil's advocate I don't really believe all that - I was just playing devil's advocate
262
devil-may-care US /ˌdev.əl.meɪˈker/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**not considering or worrying about the results of your actions:** - devil-may-care attitude He has a devil-may-care attitude to life. *Synonym:* - [happy-go-lucky](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/happy-go-lucky)
263
Happy-go-lucky US /ˌhæp.i.ɡoʊˈlʌk.i/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**A happy-go-lucky person does not plan much and accepts what happens without becoming worried.** *Synonyms:* carefree devil-may-care freewheeling informal
264
Homesick US /ˈhoʊm.sɪk/ ## Footnote **Adjective**
**unhappy because of being away from home for a long period:** • **feel homesick** As I read my mother's letter, I began to feel more and more homesick.
265
Sycophant US /ˈsɪk.ə.fænt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] formal disapproving
**someone who praises powerful or rich people in a way that is not sincere, usually in order to get some advantage from them:** • The prime minister is surrounded by sycophants. **See:** - [sycophantic](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sycophantic)
266
run-of-the-mill US /ˌrʌn.əv.ðəˈmɪl/ ## Footnote **Adjective**
**ordinary and not special or exciting in any way:** • He gave a fairly run-of-the-mill speech. **Synonyms** mediocre disapproving ordinary unexceptional
267
embellishment US /ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ.mənt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ]
**something added to make another thing more beautiful or interesting, or the process of doing this:** • The architect was asked to add some sculptural embellishments to the building design. • She's a no-nonsense actress whose beauty needs no Hollywood embellishment.
268
trifecta US /traɪˈfek.tə/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] US
**a bet (= an amount of money that you risk on the result of an event or a competition, such as a horse race) in which the horses, etc. that come first, second, and third must be picked in the right order** • So sánh _exacta_ **Also a combination of three things that is very successful**
269
high and dry US /ˌhaɪ ən ˈdraɪ/ ## Footnote **adjective** informal
**in a high position and away from water, especially as it comes closer:** • If the drought continues, environmentalists fear that the streams will evaporate and the eggs from the spawning salmon will be left high and dry. • Even as the tide rolled in, the lifeguard sat high and dry in his chair ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **in a very difficult situation without any help:** • Cuts to the educational budget have left many school arts departments high and dry. • The residents of the earthquake-torn city found themselves high and dry because the governor did not approve a disaster relief package
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superb US /suːˈpɝːb/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**B2** **of excellent quality; very great:** He is a superb dancer. Taylor scored a superb goal at the end of the first half.
271
mixed up ## Footnote **Adjective**
**upset, worried, and confused, especially because of personal problems:** • *[ before noun ]* He's just a mixed-up kid. **temporarily confused:** • I just got mixed up, and thought she wanted us to come early. mixed up adjective (INVOLVED) **involved, esp. with someone or something bad or dangerous:** • He was a great athlete at school, but he got mixed up with the wrong crowd and stopped training. mixed up adjective (DISORDERED) **(of names, information, files, etc.) put into the wrong place or order, esp. when put where similar things belong:** • They got his records mixed up (= confused information about him with someone else's information).
272
Homeowner US /ˈhoʊmˌoʊ.nɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a person who owns their house or apartment:** • The new law will benefit many homeowners. Compare [householder](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/householder) [owner-occupier](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/owner-occupier)
273
Subculture US /ˈsʌbˌkʌl.tʃɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**the way of life, customs, and ideas of a particular group of people within a society that are different from the rest of that society:** • youth subcultures • the gay subculture
274
rebalance US /ˌriːˈbæl.əns/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] (also **re-balance**)
**to make things equal again, so that no part has too much importance, weight, or force:** • It is important to re-balance the relationship between the capital city and the provinces
275
Buzzkill US /ˈbʌz.kɪl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually singular ] • informal
**something or someone that spoils people's feelings of excitement, enjoyment, or pleasure:** *Synonym:* Wet-blanket Stick-in-the-mud
276
Foosball US /ˈfuːz.bɑːl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] US
**a game played on a table using a small ball and model players attached to poles, based on football**
277
Eagle-eyed US /ˌiː.ɡl̩ˈaɪd/ ## Footnote **Adjective**
**noticing everything, even very small details:** • My eagle-eyed mother noticed that some biscuits were missing.
278
Egalitarian US /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈter.i.ən/ ## Footnote **adjective** • formal
**believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life:** • an egalitarian society *See:* Egalitarianism
279
Lengthen US /ˈleŋ.θən/ ## Footnote **Verb** [ I or T ]
**C1** **to make something longer, or to become longer:** • I'll have to lengthen this skirt. **If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen:** • There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years. Opposite: Shorten
280
Per se US /ˌpɝː ˈseɪ/ ## Footnote **Adverb** - Formal
**by or of itself:** - Research shows that it is not divorce per se that harms children, but the continuing conflict between parents.
281
Hail Mary US /ˌheɪl ˈmer.i/ ## Footnote **noun [ C ]**
**a Catholic prayer to Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ** **in American football, a very long pass, made in an attempt to score, that is not usually successful**
282
contradistinguish ˌkän-trə-di-ˈstiŋ-gwish ## Footnote **Verb**
**to distinguish by _contrasting_ qualities*
283
tardy slip ## Footnote US
Giấy vào lớp
284
agroforestry US /ˌæɡ.roʊˈfɔːr.ə.stri/ ## Footnote **Noun**,
**agriculture (= farming) that involves growing and caring for trees:** - These Javanese communities have practised agroforestry in the forests since the tenth century.
285
diversification US /dɪˌvɝː.sə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ ** Footnote **Noun**
**The processed of including different types of sth or in business the process of making new products** - Diversification of your investments lowers risk. - The policy may also offer improved energy security through diversification of energy sources.
286
garment US /ˈɡɑːr.mənt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] formal. **C1**
**a piece of clothing**
287
buzzword US /ˈbʌz.wɝːd/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a word or expression from a particular subject area that has become fashionable by being used a lot, especially on television and in the newspapers:** - "Diversity" is the new buzzword in education. **a word or expression that is very often used, esp. in public discussions, because it represents opinions that are popular:**
288
butterfingers US /ˈbʌt̬.ɚˌfɪŋ.ɡɚz/ ## Footnote **noun** [ S ] humorous
**a person who drops things they are carrying or trying to catch:** - [ as form of address ] "Butterfingers!" she called as I dropped the hot plates.
289
dilly-dally ## Footnote US /ˈdɪl.iˌdæl.i/ **verb** [ I ] old-fashioned informal
**to waste time, especially by being slow, or by not being able to make a decision:** - Don't dilly-dally - just get your bags and let's go! Synonym: Procrastinate
290
jubilant US /ˈdʒuː.bəl.ənt/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**feeling or expressing great happiness, especially because of a success:** - The fans were jubilant at/about/over their team's victory. Synonym: exultant (formal)
291
gypsy US /ˈdʒɪp.si/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (UK also gipsy)
**a member of a race of people originally from northern India who typically used to travel from place to place, and now live especially in Europe and North America:** - A gypsy caravan/encampment
292
tariff US /ˈter.ɪf/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country**
293
white whale US /ˌwaɪt ˈweɪl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a goal that you are determined to achieve, or something that you are determined to get, especially if this is very difficult:** (also can be great white whale) - Now I have a white whale to chase, and I'm actually a little excited about going to work tomorrow.
294
cushy ## Footnote **adjective** informal disapproving
**very easy**
295
placid US /ˈplæs.ɪd/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**having a calm appearance or characteristics:**
296
obstinate US /ˈɑːb.stə.nət/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says:**
297
shrewd ## Footnote **adjective** approving, **C2**
**having or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in an advantage:** - He should be _______ for this situation
298
pecking order ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually singular ]
**an informal social system in which some people or groups know they are more or less important than others:** - There is clearing a ____________ order in this school>
299
knee-jerk ## Footnote **adjective**
**readily predictable :** AUTOMATIC -________ reactions **also, disapproving : reacting in a readily predictable way**
300
walks of life ## Footnote **idiom**
**various levels of social position or achievement:** -People from all _______________
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ill-equipped US /ˌɪl.ɪˈkwɪpt/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**without the ability, qualities, or equipment to do something:** - *[ + to infinitive ]* He seems to me ill-equipped to cope with the responsibility. - ill-equipped for
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foolhardy US /ˈfuːlˌhɑːr.di/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**brave in a silly way, taking unnecessary risks:** - a foolhardy decision - **It is foolhardy to**
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slammer ## Footnote **noun**, informal
**joint, prison**
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epiphany US /ɪˈpɪf.ən.i/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ] literary
**a moment when you suddenly feel that you understand, or suddenly become conscious of, something that is very important to you** **a powerful religious experience**
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notwithstanding US /ˌnɑːt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/ ## Footnote **preposition, adverb** formal
**despite the fact or thing mentioned:**
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happenstance ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ] mainly US
**chance or a chance situation, especially one producing a good result:** -**by happenstance**
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wheelhouse ## Footnote N
**an area that someone is interested in and skilled at:** - Finding new ways of advertising our products has always been my wheelhouse. - **in someone's wheelhouse** I first needed to figure out what was in my wheelhouse. - **outside someone's wheelhouse** Unfortunately, for most of the time I had been working outside my wheelhouse. **a structure with a roof on a boat that provides shelter for the person who is controlling the direction of the boat:**
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pitfall US /ˈpɪt.fɑːl/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C usually plural ]
**a likely mistake or problem in a situation:** -**fall into the/a pitfall**
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cornball US /ˈkɔːrn.bɑːl/ ## Footnote **adjective** US
**A cornball joke, film, story, etc. has no new ideas and is not sincere, or is too often repeated and therefore not funny or interesting:**
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cakewalk US /ˈkeɪk.wɑːk/ ## Footnote **noun** [[ C, usually singular]]
**something that is very easy to achieve, or a contest that is very easy to win:** - The Superbowl was a cakewalk for the Forty-Niners. - His re-election was predicted to be a cakewalk.
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makeshift US /ˈmeɪk.ʃɪft/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need:** - Thousands of refugees are living in **makeshift camps.**
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homesick US /ˈhoʊm.sɪk/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**unhappy because of being away from home for a long period:** - **feel homesick** As I read my mother's letter, I began to feel more and more homesick.
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dog-eat-dog US /ˌdɑː.ɡ.iːtˈdɑː.ɡ/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**used to describe a situation in which people will do anything to be successful, even if what they do harms other people:** - **dog-eat-dog world** It's a dog-eat-dog world out there.
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outlandish US /ˌaʊtˈlæn.dɪʃ/ ## Footnote **adjective** disapproving
**strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like:** • an outlandish hairstyle/outfit
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malefactor US /ˈmæl.ə.fæk.tɚ/ ## Footnote noun **[ C ]** formal
**a person who does bad or illegal things**: Synonyms: - Evildoer - Wrongdoer - Perpetrator
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extraordinary US /ɪkˈstrɔːr.dən.er.i/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange:** - This arena has an extraordianary landscape Opposition: Unextraordinary
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heartrending US /ˈhɑːrtˌren.dɪŋ/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**causing great sympathy or sadness:** - a heartrending story Synonym: heartbreaking More: heartendingly Opposition: heartwarming: **(especially of an event, action, or story) seeming to be something positive and good and therefore causing feelings of pleasure and happiness:** - a _______________ tale of triumph over adversity
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heartthrob US /ˈhɑːrt.θrɑːb/ ## Footnote noun **[ C ]** informal
**a famous man, often a singer or an actor, who is attractive to many women**
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heartache US /ˈhɑːrt.eɪk/ ## Footnote **noun [ C or U ]** literary
**feelings of great sadness:** - You've caused me nothing but __________. Synonym: heartbreak grief (Sadness)
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workaround ## Footnote **noun [ C ]**
**a way of dealing with a problem or making something work despite the problem, without completely solving it:** - The software still has a few glitches but we've come up with a ____________________.
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technophile UK /ˈteknəfaɪl/ ## Footnote **noun [ C ]**
**a person who is interested in modern technology and enjoys using it:** Opposition: -[Technophobe](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/technophobe)
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benefactor US /ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ/ ## Footnote **noun [ C ]** (female also **benefactress**, US/ˈben.ə.fæk.trəs/)
**someone who gives money to help an organization, society, or person** Synonyms: philanthropist giver backer donor
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beneficiary US /ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.i.er.i/ ## Footnote **noun [ C ]**
**a person or group who receives money, advantages, etc. as a result of something else:** - Beneficiary **of** sth
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multilevel US /ˌmʌl.tiˈlev.əl/ /ˌmʌl.taɪˈlev.əl/ ## Footnote **adjective** (also **multi-level**)
**(of a large building) consisting of more than one floor:** - The goods are stored in a huge _________ warehouse. - A network of staircases leads to _________reading rooms. **(of a course, organization, system, etc.) divided into or involving several levels of ability, importance, etc.:** - complex, ____________ governance structures - We run a __________ yoga class that is open to everyone. More: multilevelled (Multi-levelled)
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bloodcurdling US /ˈblʌdˌkɝː.dəl.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**causing a feeling of extreme fear:** - a bloodcurdling story/scream Synonym: Hair-raising
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intermediary US /ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈmiː.di.ə.ri/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet:** - through an intermediary - act as an intermediary between sb and sb Synonym: [Go-between](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/go-between)
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thrice US /θraɪs/ ## Footnote **adverb** old use or Indian English
**Three times**
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worrisome US /ˈwɝː.i.səm/ ## Footnote **adjective** US formal or old-fashioned
**worrying:** Opposite: reassuring
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earshot US /ˈɪr.ʃɑːt/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**the range of distance within which it is possible to be heard or to hear what someone is saying:** - **in/within earshot** I don't think you should say anything while the boss is still in/within earshot. - **out of earshot** Wait till she's out of earshot before you say anything. Synonym: hearing
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encompass US /ɪnˈkʌm.pəs/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] formal
**to include different types of things:** - The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts. Các từ đồng nghĩa cover embrace
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oxymoronically US /ˌɑːk.sɪ.mɔːˈrɑː.nɪ.kəl.i/ ## Footnote **adverb** LANGUAGE **specialized**
**in a way that relates to two words or ideas that are used together, but have, or seem to have, opposite meanings :** - The organization ______________ describes itself as "an independent company funded by the government". More: oxymoron oxymoronic juxtaposition: **put 2 things together that are not similar**
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franchiser US /ˈfræn.tʃaɪ.zɚ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] (also **franchisor**)
**someone who gives or sells a franchise** More: [Franchisee](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/franchisee) = [Acquiree](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/acquiree)
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protégé US /ˈprɑː.t̬ə.ʒeɪ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a young person who is helped and taught by an older and usually famous person:** Synonym: mentee Opposition: Mentor
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Converge US /kənˈvɝːdʒ/ ## Footnote **verb** [ I ]
**If lines, roads, or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet:** - **converge at** - **converge into** Opposition: diverge
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incongruous US /ɪnˈkɑːŋ.ɡru.əs/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**unusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happening:** - seem incongruous
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inconspicuous US /ˌɪn.kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**not easily or quickly noticed or seen, or not attracting attention:** Opposition: -Conspicuous
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envisage US /ɪnˈvɪz.ɪdʒ/ ## Footnote **verb** [ T ] formal, also US (envision)
**to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good:** **To form a mental picture of something or someone you have never met**
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afforestation US /əˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**the action of planting trees on an area of land in order to make a forest**
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half-hearted ## Footnote **adjective (also halfhearted, half hearted)**
**showing no enthusiasm or interest:** - Half-hearted attempt Synonyms: Lukewarm Tepid
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freemium US /ˈfriː.mi.əm/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ] BUSINESS specialized
**a way of charging for a product or service in which the basic product or service is free, but the customer pays for extra features:** - Candy crush saga has a freemium model
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leeway US /ˈliː.weɪ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ U ]
**freedom to act within particular limits:** - **Give** leeway
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uninsured US /ˌʌn.ɪnˈʃʊrd/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**not having or not protected by insurance (= an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you become ill or have an accident or injury, or if something is damaged, is lost, or goes wrong):** - uninsured driver - uninsured motorist - uninsured patient Opposition: Insure
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liquidation US /ˌlɪk.wəˈdeɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C or U ]
**the process of closing a business, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts, or an instance of this:** - **Went into liquidation**
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half-baked US /ˌhæfˈbeɪkt/ ## Footnote **adjective** informal disapproving
**A half-baked idea or plan has not been considered carefully enough:**
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supercooled US /ˌsuːpəˈkuːld/ ## Footnote **adjective** PHYSICS specialized
**Supercooled liquids have been made colder than the temperature at which they would normally freeze, without being frozen.**
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contrarian US /kənˈtrer.i.ən/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**someone such as a writer or politician who likes to disagree with other people and express opinions that are unpopular:**
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inalienable US /ɪnˈeɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/ ## Footnote **adjective** formal
**Unable to be removed** More: Unalienable Alienate
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potty-trained US /ˈpɑː.t̬iˌtreɪnd/ ## Footnote (also **toilet-trained**)
**Potty-trained children know how to use a potty or toilet and no longer need to wear nappies:**
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exemplary US /ɪɡˈzem.plɚ.i/ ## Footnote **Adjective**
**very good and suitable to be copied by other people:** or **An exemplary punishment is severe and intended as a warning to others:** - **Examplary damage**
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absent-minded US /ˌæb.səntˈmaɪn.dɪd/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**often forgets things or does not pay attention to what is happening around them because they are thinking about other things:** - His wife described him as "a classic absent-minded professor." - She is kindly but absent-minded, often forgetting appointments and birthdays.
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absenteeism
**a situation in which people are not at school or work when they should be:** Compare: presenteeism
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doom-mongering US /ˈduːmˌmɑːŋ.ɡɚ.ɪŋ/ ## Footnote **noun** [ **U** ] disapproving (also **doom mongering**, **doommongering**)
**the act of trying to make people believe that something very bad is going to happen, usually when this is not necessary or reasonable:** Compare: Fearmongering Scaremongering -monger: **a person who encourages a particular activity, especially one that causes trouble** Example: Ironmonger, Fishmonger
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entitle US /ɪnˈtaɪ.t̬əl/ ## Footnote verb [ T ]
**to give someone the right to do or have something:** - entitle someone to something **To give a book a title**
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weak-willed US /ˌwiːkˈwɪld/ ## Footnote **adjective**
**not having the determination that is needed to continue with a difficult course of action:**
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irresolute US /ɪˈrez.əl.uːt/ ## Footnote **adjective** formal disapproving
**not able or willing to take decisions or actions:** - an irresolute reply
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hillbilly US /ˈhɪlˌbɪl.i/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ] US old-fashioned disapproving
**a person from a mountainous area of the US who has a simple way of life and is considered to be slightly stupid by people living in towns and cities**
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leitmotif ## Footnote **noun**
**: an associated melodic phrase or figure that accompanies the reappearance of an idea, person, or situation especially in a Wagnerian music drama**
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motif US /moʊˈtiːf/ ## Footnote **noun** [ C ]
**a pattern or design: can often be seen in literary**