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Social 10-1 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

What is quality of life advocacy?

A

Efforts to improve living conditions, healthcare, education, and general well-being for individuals and communities.

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2
Q

What does GDP/capita represent?

A

The gross domestic product of a country divided by its population, indicating the average economic output per person.

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3
Q

What is standard of living?

A

The degree of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a population.

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4
Q

What does expectancy refer to?

A

Often refers to life expectancy, the average number of years a person is expected to live.

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5
Q

What is foreign aid?

A

Financial, technical, or resource assistance provided by one country to another, often for development or relief.

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6
Q

What are NGO/UN organizations?

A

Non-Governmental Organizations and United Nations entities focusing on humanitarian, environmental, or development causes.

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7
Q

What does disparity mean?

A

A significant difference or inequality, often in wealth, health, or access to resources.

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8
Q

What is dollar voting?

A

The idea that consumers influence the economy and businesses by choosing how to spend their money.

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9
Q

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

A

A composite index measuring a country’s development based on life expectancy, education, and income levels.

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10
Q

What is employment equity?

A

Policies or practices ensuring fair treatment and opportunities for all individuals in the workplace.

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11
Q

What is tied aid?

A

Foreign aid that must be spent on goods or services from the donor country.

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12
Q

What is the World Bank?

A

An international financial institution that provides loans and grants for development projects worldwide.

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13
Q

What is the European Union (EU)?

A

A political and economic union of European countries working together for economic cooperation and policy alignment.

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14
Q

What does the International Monetary Fund (IMF) do?

A

An organization providing financial assistance and economic advice to member countries.

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15
Q

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A

An organization overseeing international trade rules and resolving trade disputes.

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16
Q

What was NAFTA?

A

The North American Free Trade Agreement, replaced by the USMCA, aimed at reducing trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

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17
Q

What is the OECD?

A

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, promoting policies for sustainable economic growth.

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18
Q

What was CIDA?

A

The Canadian International Development Agency, focusing on global development (now integrated into Global Affairs Canada).

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19
Q

What are G8/G7?

A

Groups of major industrialized countries meeting to discuss global economic and political issues.

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20
Q

What is the Bretton Woods Agreement?

A

A post-World War II arrangement establishing global financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank.

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21
Q

What are bilateral/multilateral agreements?

A

Agreements or relationships between two (bilateral) or multiple (multilateral) nations or organizations.

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22
Q

What is a trade bloc?

A

A group of countries that agree to reduce trade barriers among members (e.g., EU, NAFTA).

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23
Q

What is a tariff?

A

A tax on imported or exported goods.

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24
Q

What is a free market economy?

A

An economic system where prices and production are determined by supply and demand with minimal government interference.

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25
What does deregulation mean?
The removal or reduction of government controls in an industry to foster competition.
26
What is economic nationalism?
Policies favoring domestic industries and interests over foreign influence.
27
What is trade liberalization?
The reduction or elimination of trade barriers to encourage free trade.
28
What does outsourcing refer to?
Delegating business processes to external suppliers, often in other countries.
29
What is economic interdependence?
A condition where countries rely on each other for goods, services, and resources.
30
What was the Green Revolution?
A period of agricultural innovation increasing crop yields through technology and practices.
31
What is agribusiness?
Large-scale farming operations integrating agriculture with business practices.
32
What is arable land?
Land suitable for growing crops.
33
What is deforestation?
The clearing of forests for agriculture, urbanization, or other uses.
34
What does stewardship mean?
Responsible management of resources, especially environmental.
35
What is globalization?
The increasing interconnectedness of countries through trade, communication, and culture.
36
What is a global village?
A term describing the world as interconnected and accessible through modern communication.
37
What is a pluralistic society?
A society recognizing and respecting diverse cultural, religious, and political beliefs.
38
What does universalization refer to?
The process of spreading cultural, economic, or political practices worldwide.
39
What is individual identity?
A person’s sense of self, shaped by personal experiences and traits.
40
What is collective identity?
Shared identity within a group based on common culture, history, or values.
41
What are cultural contacts?
Interactions between different cultural groups.
42
What is assimilation?
The process by which a minority group adopts the culture of a dominant group.
43
What does marginalization mean?
Exclusion or relegation of groups to the fringes of society.
44
What is media convergence?
The blending of different media forms, such as TV, internet, and newspapers.
45
What is cultural revitalization?
Efforts to preserve, restore, or promote cultural traditions.
46
What is hybridization?
The blending of cultures to create something new.
47
What is acculturation?
Cultural changes resulting from contact between different cultures.
48
What is official bilingualism?
A policy recognizing two official languages within a country.
49
What is a minority group?
A smaller group within a larger population, often differing in ethnicity, language, or culture.
50
What is linguistic identity?
A person’s sense of belonging to a particular language group.
51
What is colonialism?
The practice of acquiring and exploiting colonies for economic or political control.
52
What is imperialism?
A policy of extending a country’s influence through colonization, diplomacy, or military force.
53
What does ethnocentrism mean?
Judging other cultures based on the standards of one’s own.
54
What is reconciliation?
Efforts to address and heal past injustices, especially related to colonialism and Indigenous communities.
55
What were residential schools?
Institutions aimed at assimilating Indigenous children, often causing harm and cultural loss.
56
What is the Indian Act?
Canadian legislation governing Indigenous peoples, often criticized for being paternalistic.
57
What is the White Man’s Burden?
A colonial belief that Westerners had a duty to 'civilize' non-Western societies.
58
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory prioritizing national wealth accumulation through trade.
59
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period of major industrial and technological advancement starting in the late 18th century.
60
What is a sphere of influence?
An area where one nation has significant cultural, economic, or political influence.
61
What are cottage industries?
Small-scale, home-based production of goods.
62
What is an entrepreneur?
An individual who starts and manages a business.
63
What was Friedrich Hayek's economic philosophy?
Capitalist and proponent of classical liberalism.
64
What did Friedrich Hayek stand for?
Hayek argued for free-market economies and minimal government intervention. He believed centralized economic planning (associated with socialism) led to a loss of individual freedoms and inefficiency.
65
What did Friedrich Hayek disagree with?
Socialism and Keynesian economics. Hayek critiqued government intervention in markets, warning it would lead to authoritarianism. His famous work, The Road to Serfdom, outlines these ideas.
66
What is a key idea of Friedrich Hayek?
Prices in a free market serve as signals that efficiently allocate resources without the need for central planning.
67
What was Milton Friedman's economic philosophy?
Capitalist and supporter of monetarism.
68
What did Milton Friedman stand for?
Friedman promoted free-market capitalism and minimal government intervention in the economy. He believed controlling the money supply was the key to managing inflation and stabilizing economies, as opposed to heavy fiscal policies.
69
What did Milton Friedman disagree with?
Keynesian economics, particularly the idea that government spending and fiscal stimulus were the primary tools for economic growth.
70
What is a key idea of Milton Friedman?
Advocated for deregulation, privatization, and reducing the role of government in economic affairs. His work, Capitalism and Freedom, emphasizes individual liberty and free markets.
71
What was John Maynard Keynes' economic philosophy?
Advocated for a mixed economy with a significant role for government.
72
What did John Maynard Keynes stand for?
Keynes argued that during economic downturns, governments should increase spending and lower taxes to stimulate demand and reduce unemployment (a policy called Keynesian economics).
73
What did John Maynard Keynes disagree with?
The classical economic belief that markets are self-correcting and that government intervention is unnecessary. He thought waiting for markets to fix themselves during a crisis would prolong recessions.
74
What is a key idea of John Maynard Keynes?
Economic stabilization requires active fiscal policies, especially during recessions. His seminal work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, laid the foundation for modern macroeconomics.
75
What was Adam Smith's economic philosophy?
Capitalist and pioneer of classical economics.
76
What did Adam Smith stand for?
Smith believed in free markets guided by the 'invisible hand' of competition. He argued that self-interest in a free-market system leads to economic prosperity for all.
77
What did Adam Smith disagree with?
Excessive government interference in markets. While he recognized a role for the government in areas like defense, justice, and public works, he opposed mercantilism (government control of trade for national power).
78
What is a key idea of Adam Smith?
Markets function best when individuals pursue their self-interest, as detailed in his famous book, The Wealth of Nations.
79
What was Karl Marx's economic philosophy?
Communist and critic of capitalism.
80
What did Karl Marx stand for?
Marx believed capitalism inherently exploited workers (the proletariat) for the benefit of the capital-owning class (the bourgeoisie). He advocated for a classless, stateless society where the means of production are owned collectively.
81
What did Karl Marx disagree with?
Capitalism and its emphasis on private property, profit motives, and competition. Marx argued these led to inequality and alienation of workers.
82
What is a key idea of Karl Marx?
Capitalism would inevitably collapse under its contradictions, leading to a revolution and the establishment of communism. His ideas are central to The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital.

Social 10-1 (1 decks)

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