vocab

Question 1

prokaryote

Answer 1

A prokaryote is a single-celled organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word prokaryote comes from the Ancient Greek πρό, meaning ‘before’, and κάρυον, meaning ‘nut’ or ‘kernel’

Question 2

bacilli

Answer 2

Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural Bacilli is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs.

Question 3

cocci

Answer 3

However, antibiotics are usually the first step in treating coccobacilli bacterial infections. There are also vaccines available for specific coccobacilli that can mitigate the risk of future infection

Question 4

spirilla

Answer 4

Spirillum is a of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria. There are two species of Spirillum with validly or effectively published names - Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans

Question 5

binary fission

Answer 5

Examples of animals that reproduce by binary fission are amoeba, archaebacteria and cyanobacteria. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which parent organisms divide into individual new offspring which are identical to the parent cell body

Question 6

endospore

Answer 6

Endospores are spores that are formed within the cells, mainly in bacteria. These spores are formed within bacteria vegetative cells or mother cells known as sporangia. Endospores ensure the survival of bacteria in adverse environmental conditions such as nutrient deficiency (carbon and nitrogen) and overpopulation.

Question 7

nitrogen fixation

Answer 7

Nitrogen fixation by specialized prokaryotes harboring the nitrogenase enzyme, which catalyzes the reduction of N2 to NH4+ (Eppley and Peterson, 1979), is significant in many coastal sediments. It is an energetically expensive process that converts poorly reactive dinitrogen gas to bioavailable NH4+.

Question 8

bioremediation

Answer 8

Bioremediation in this sense involves the cleanup of blood and bodily fluids that can pose health risks such as hepatitis, HIV, and MRSA. Rather than using standard cleaning agents like bleach or ammonia, crime scene cleaners use enzyme cleaners to rid the scene of harmful substances.

Question 9

antibiotic

Answer 9

Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infections. They’re not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Antibiotics should only be prescribed to treat health problems: that are not serious but are unlikely to clear up without antibiotics – such as acne.

Question 10

pathogenic bacteria

Answer 10

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred.

Question 11

virus

Answer 11

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.

Question 12

host

Answer 12

The biological definition of a host is an organism that harbors another organism, inside or near their body, in a symbiotic relationship. There are three types of symbiotic relationships a host can have: parasitic, mutualistic or commensal