Vocab Flashcards
(102 cards)
0
Q
Theory
A
Ideas that have been supported over time
1
Q
Hypothesis
A
The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations
2
Q
Dependent Variable
A
Observed factor that may change in response to other variable (outcome)
3
Q
Independent Variable
A
The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment.
4
Q
Control Group
A
A group of subjects which receive the factor under study
5
Q
Cell
A
The smallest unit of an organism that is considered to be alive
6
Q
Stimulus
A
Any physical or chemical input that is sensed
7
Q
Homeostasis
A
The process by which organisms keep their initial body conditions fairly constant to survive
8
Q
Evolution
A
A change in a kind of organism over time
9
Q
Atom
A
The basic unit of matter
10
Q
Proton
A
The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
11
Q
Neutron
A
The particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
12
Q
Electron
A
The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.
13
Q
Element
A
A pure substance that consists entirely of one atom
14
Q
Molecule
A
A group of atom bonded together form the smallest fundamental unit of a pure substance
15
Q
Isotopes
A
Atoms of the same elements with different numbers of neutrons.
16
Q
Chemical Bonding
A
An attraction between two or mor atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances.
17
Q
Ion
A
A positively or negatively charged atom
18
Q
Ionic bond
A
Formed when electrons are shared between atoms
19
Q
Covalent bond
A
Forms when electrons are shared between atoms
20
Q
Valence atoms
A
The electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available for bonding
21
Q
pH
A
The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
22
Q
Acid
A
A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+)
23
Q
Base
A
A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (OH-)
24
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The nuclear acid that contains that contains all genetic information for a cell
25
Double Helix
The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder.
26
Nucleic Acid
The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next.
27
Nucleotide
A monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
28
Carbohydrate
The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism.
29
Glucose
The monomer of carbohydrates (sugar)
30
Protein
The molecule needs by organisms for growth and repair
31
Amino Acid
The monomer of protein
32
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up biological reactions
33
Metabolism
A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life.
34
Lipid
The molecule that stores energy and is thiamin struct of cell membranes.
35
Solute
The substance that is dissolved in a solution
36
Solvent
The substance in which the solution dissolves in a solution
37
Eukaryotic
A cell that contains a nucleus
38
Prokaryotic
A cell that does not contain a nucleus
39
Organelle
Sub-cellular structures (cell parts)
40
Ribosomes
A cell organelle that makes protein
41
Mitochondria
A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy
42
Cell Membrane
Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
43
Selectively Permeable
A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across, while others cannot
44
Cell wall
Cell structure found outside the cell membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria that provides support and protection.
45
Chloroplast
The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis.
46
Cytoplasm
The fluid portion of a cells interior
47
Nucleus
The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material.
48
Vacuole
The organelle that is use to store materials
49
Cellular Transport
The movement of materials into, out of, or within a cell
50
Passive transport
Type of cell transport that does not require energy
51
Diffusion
The movement of particle move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
52
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
53
Active transport
Type of cell transport that from require energy
54
Cellular respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
55
Photosynthesis
The process by which a cell divides into two identical nuclei.
56
Mitosis
The process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei
57
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
58
Genetic variation
The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another
59
Gene
The chemical factor that determines a trait
60
Mutation
Any change in DNA
61
Alleles
The alternative forms of a gene.
62
Homozygous
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait
63
Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait
64
Punnett Square
A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics
65
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited.
66
Phenotype
A physical characteristics of an organism
67
Inheritance
The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring
68
Trait
Any specific characteristics of an individual
69
Recombination
The formation of a new and different sets of chromosomes or genes.
70
Meiosis
The process that makes the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number in half
71
Fertilization
The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism.
72
Gamete
The term for sex cell, egg, or sperm
73
Biological evolution
The descent with modification of organisms from common ancestors.
74
Natural selection
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. (Survival of the fittest)
75
Adaptations
The inherited traits that increases an organisms chance of survival
76
Behavioral adaptations
The inherited traits that increased an organisms chance of survival
77
Physiological adaptations
A type of adaptations that affects the function of an organism. (Blood clotting)
78
Morphological adaptations
A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism (web feet)
79
Fossil
The preserved remains of ancient organisms
80
Fossil record
A collection of preserved organisms of their traces stored in Earth
81
Radioactive dating
The method of calculating the absolute ages of rocks and minerals that contain radioactive isotopes.
82
Biological diversity
The variety of organisms in the biosphere.
83
Ecology
The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
84
Biosphere
The portion of the planet in which all life exist
85
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
86
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
87
Community
Two or more different populations that live in a defined area
88
Ecosystem
A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place, together with their non living environment
89
Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant organisms
90
Autotrophs
An organism that can make its own food internally
91
Heterotroph
An organism that relies on hot organisms for energy and food supply
92
Food chain
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten
93
Food web
Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together
94
Biochemical cycle
A cycle by which materials necessary for organisms are circulated between organisms and through the environment
95
Environmental quality
The state of environmental conditions
96
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from the leaves of plants
97
Nitrogen fixation
The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in the soil
98
Symbiosis
Any relationship in which two species voice together
99
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
100
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm
101
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it
