Vocab Flashcards
(26 cards)
Species
Group of the same individuals that can produce viable and fertile offspring
Viable
Able to live
Fertile
Able to reproduce to make living offspring
Divergent
Come from a Common ancestor but gradually become different due to descent modification
Convergent
Organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environments
HOX Genes
-Highly conserved set of genes
-determines body plans of animals
Adaptive radiation
An example of closely related species adapting to habitats (founders effect)
Coevolution
2 organisms evolve in response to each other
Gradualism
Species change slowly over time
Punctuated equilibrium
Species can make rapid leaps in evolution
Speciation
Making of a new species
Microevolution
-allele evolution
-changes within a populations gene pool
Macroevolution
-phenotype evolution
-major biological changes evident
Allopatric speciation
Genetic isolation with a geographic barrier
Sympatric speciation
-Genetic isolation without a geographic barrier
-reproductive barrier isolated population in same habitat
2 types of reproductive barriers
Pre and post zygotic
Habitat isolation
-prezygotic
-2 species encounter each other rarely because they live in different habitats
Temporal (time) isolation
-prezygotic
-species breed at different times of the day , different seasons
-cannot mix gametes
Behavioral isolation
-prezygotic
Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers to
-prezygotic
Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers
Mechanical isolation
-prezygotic
-mating organs do not match
-related species may attempt to mate but can’t
Gemetic isolation
-prezygotic
-sperm and egg are incompatible
Reduced hybrid viability
-post zygotic
-genes of different species may interact but impair the hybrids development
-hybrids are very weak or underdeveloped
Reduced hybrid fertility
-post zygotic
-even is hybrids live and are strong they are sterile
