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Vocab Flashcards

(100 cards)

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0
Q

Define DNA

A

The nucleic acid that contains all genetic information for a cell

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1
Q

Define cell

A

The basic unit of life

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2
Q

Define double helix

A

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder.

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3
Q

Organelle

A

Subcellular structures

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material

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6
Q

Define Nucleic Acid

A

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next.

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Cells structure found outside the cell membrane in planets,algae,fungi,and some bacteria that provides support and protection

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9
Q

Nucleotide

A

A monomer of nucleic acid;consisting of sugar,phosphate,and a nitrogen base.

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10
Q

Cell membrane

A

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

A cell organelle that makes protein

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19
Q

Define hypothesis

A

The proposed scientific explanation for a set

Of observation

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20
Q

Define theory

A

an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time

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23
Q

Define control group

A

A group of subjects closely resembling the experimental group

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24
Q

Define Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

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25
Q

Define experimental group

A

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

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28
Q

Define element

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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29
Q

Define molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundmental unit of pure substance

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30
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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31
Q

Define chemical bonding

A

An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances

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32
Q

Define chemical reaction

A

Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

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33
Q

Define ion

A

A positively or negatively charged atom

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34
Q

Define ionic bond

A

Formed when one or more electrons from one atom to another

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35
Q

Define covalent bond

A

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

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36
Q

Carbohydrate

A

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism.

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37
Glucose
The monomer of carbohydrate(sugar)
38
Protein
The molecule needed by organisms for growth and repair
39
Amino acid
The monomer of protein
40
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up biological reactions
41
Solvent
The substance in which the solute dissolves in a solution
42
Define valence electrons
The electrons in the outer shell or engery level that are available for bonding
43
Chloroplast
The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis.
44
Vacuole
The organelle that is used to store materials
45
Cellular transport
The movement of materials into,out of,or within of a cell
46
Passive transport
Type of cell transport that does not require energy
47
Diffusion
The movement of particles moves from an area of higher concentration to an area lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
48
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
49
Active transport
Type of cell transport that does require energy
50
Cellular respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen
51
Photosynthesis
The process by which planets and some organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose
52
Protein synthesis
The process of making proteins
53
Cell division
The process by which a divides into two new daughter cells
54
Mitosis
The process by which the nucleus is divided in two identical nuclei
55
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
56
Genetics variation
The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another
57
Gene
Th chemical factor that determines a trait
58
Mutation
Any change in DNA
59
Alleles
The alternate forms of a gene
60
Homozygous
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait
61
Heterozygous
An organism with two different alleles for particular trait
62
Punnet square
A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics
63
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited
64
Phenotype
A physical characteristics of an organsim
65
Inheritance
The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring
66
Trait
Any specific characteristic of an individual
67
Recombination
The formation of new and different sets of chromosomes or genes
68
Meiosis
The process that makes make the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number in half
69
Fertilization
The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism
70
Gamete
The term for sex cells,egg and sperm
71
Biological evolution
The descent with modification of organism for common ancestors
72
Natural selection
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environmental survive and reproduce most successfully
73
Adaptations
The inherited traits that increases an organisms an organisms chance of survival
74
Behavioral adaptation
A type of adaptation that affects the behavior of an animal
75
Physiological adaptation
A type of adaptation that effects the function of an organism
76
Morphological adaptations
A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism
77
Fossil
The preserved remaind of animted organisms
78
Fossil record
A collection of preserved oraganisms or their traces stored in earth
79
Radioactive dating
The method of cal calculating the absolute age of rocks
80
Biological diversity
The variety of organisms in the biosphere
81
Ecology
The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms in their non-living environment
82
Biosphere
The portion of the plant in which all life exist
83
Species
A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
84
Population
A group of individuals that Belong to the same species and live in the same area
85
Community
Two or more different that live in a defined area
86
Ecosystem
A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place together with the non-living environment
87
Biome
A group of ecosystem that have the same climate and dominant organisms
88
Autotrophs
An organism that can make its own food internally
89
Heterotroph
An organism that relies on other organisms for energy and food supply
90
Food chain
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eating
91
Food web
Links all the food chains in the ecosystem together
92
Bio geochemical cycle
A cycle by which materials necessary for organisms are circulated between organisms and through the environment
93
Environmental quality
The state of environmental conditions
94
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from leaves to plant
95
Nitrogen fixation
The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in the soil
96
Symbiosis
any relationship in which two species live together
97
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together
98
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm
99
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism live on or inside another organism and causes it harm
100
Cytoroplast
The fluid portion of a cells interior
101
Selectively permeable
A property of biological membranes that allows some substance to pass across,while others cannot
102
Mitochondria
A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy
103
Metabolism
A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life
104
Eukaryotic
A cell that contains a nucleus
105
Solute
The substance that is dissolved Ina solution
106
Define ph
The measure or alkalinity of a solution
107
Define acid
A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion h+
108
Define base
a substance that dissolves in water to release to release hydroxide ion oh
110
Define electron
The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom
111
Define neutron
The particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
112
Define proton
The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
114
Define Atom
The basic unit of matter

Biology Vocab (1 decks)

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