VOCAB Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
AAA
A
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
2
Q
AA&O
A
Awake, alert, and oriented
3
Q
AB
A
Abortion
4
Q
ABG
A
Arterial blood gas
5
Q
a.c.
A
before meals
6
Q
AC
A
antecubital
7
Q
ACE
A
angiotensin converting enzyme
8
Q
ACS
A
Acute coronary syndrome
9
Q
AD
A
right ear
10
Q
ADA
A
American Diabetes Association
11
Q
ADL
A
Activities of daily living
12
Q
ad. lib
A
as desired
13
Q
ADH
A
Anti-diuretic hormone
14
Q
afib
A
atrial fibrillation
15
Q
AICD
A
automatic internal cardiac defibrillate
16
Q
AKA
A
above knee amputation
17
Q
ALS
A
advances life support
18
Q
a.m.
A
morning
19
Q
AMA
A
against medical advice
20
Q
amb
A
ambulance/ambulatory
21
Q
ant
A
anterior
22
Q
AP
A
anteroposterior
23
Q
ARDS
A
acute respiratory distress syndrome
24
Q
AROM
A
active range of motion
25
AS
left ear, aortic stenosis
26
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
27
AU
both ears
28
AVR
aortic valve replacement
29
Asepsis
the freedom from disease- causing microorganisms.
30
Bacteremia
Bacteremia: infection in the person’s blood
31
Medical Asepsis
include all practices that work to confine a specific microorganisms to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganism.
32
Surgical Asepsis
methods that are used to keep an area free from all microorganisms (even non disease causing)… destroys them all and their spores.--> used for procedures involving sterile areas of the body.
33
Colonization
the process where strains of microorganisms become resident flora, grow, multiply, but do not cause disease.
34
Septicemia
Systemic infection resulting of bacteremia
35
Nosocomial Infection
An infection obtained by the patient during or after their care at the hospital. Can be exogenous ( from patient to patient) or endogenous ( an opportunistic pathogen)
36
Health Care associated infection (HAI)
infections that originate in any health care setting (can be home care) . This includes nosocomial infection.
37
Direct Transmission
A subcategory of contact transmission. It involves person to person contact via kissing or other means. Also can be droplet transmission.
38
Indirect Transmission
A subategory of contact transmission, where the pathogen is transmitted to a susceptible host via a a vehicle which an inanimate object harboring the pathogen, or a vector such as a fly or a tick.
39
Airborne transmission
Where the disease is transmitted through the air and droplet nuclei is smaller than 5 microns, able to travel further and more penetrating. EX. TB, measles.
40
Leukocytosis
Mass production of WBC in bone marrow, in response to a decrease of WBC during inflammatory response.
41
Granulation tissue
A fragile, gelatinous tissue, appearing red or pink. 1. Collagen, blood capillaries, and lymphatics form this new tissue.
42
Universal Precautions
Also known as standard precautions. They are the minimal infection precautions that must be applied to every patient, to prevent infections. Glove, Gowns, Hand Hygiene, mask, eyeware, and face shield.
43
Inflammation
inflammation: is local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent.
(2) Purpose: destroys or dilute the injurious agent, prevents further spread of the injury, and promotes repair of damaged tissues.
(3) Five signs: pain, swelling, redness, heat, and impaired function of the area, in severe cases.
Cellular and vascular response, exudate phase, and reparative phase.
44
Passive Immunity
Immunity to a specific organism where the Ab are made outside the recipients body and then given to the recipient to give immediate and short immunity.
45
Active Immunity
Ab are produce within the body due to exposure to the organism, either attenuated or the actual infection.
46
RACE Protocol
When fire or smoke is seen:
a) Rescue: if area safe, enter, protect, and evacuate clients who are in immediate danger
b) Activate: pull fire alarm and inform hospital fire team
c) Confine: Contain fire by closing the doors to all rooms and the fire doors at each entrance of the unit.
d) Extinguish: Extinguish fire using PASS
47
Seizure
a single temporary event that consists of an uncontrolled electrical neuronal discharge of the brain resulting in an interruption of normal brain function
3) Partial seizure: affect one area of the brain
4) Generalized seizure: affects the entire brain.
48
Seizure Precautions
safety measures taken by the nurse to protect clients from injury should they have a seizure.
a) Such as padding the bed, putting client on the side when seizure occurs. Refer to Pg.733
49
Carbon Monoxide
odorless, colorless, tasteless gas. Cause headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, or loss of muscle control... eventually death
50
Asphyxiation
lack of oxygen due to lack of breath (obstruction or restriction)
51
Physical Restraint
A manual equipment that is used to restrain a patient. Vest
52
Chemical restraint
a medication used to sedate a patient for a behavioral problem.
53
Adherence
is the extent to which an individual's behavior coincides with medical or health advice.
54
Acute Illness
characterized by symptoms of a relatively short duration
55
Chronic illness
lasts for an extended period of time, usually 6 months or longer.
56
Disease
alteration in body functions resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.
57
Etiology
Causation of the disease
58
Exacerbation
stage during chronic illness when symptoms reappear after remission
59
Health beliefs
concepts about health that an individual believes are true
60
Health Behaviors
the actions people take to understand their health status, maintain and optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury, and reach their maximum physical and mental potential.
61
Remission
the stage during Chronic illness when symptoms disappear
62
Risk factors
lifestyle choices that can make a person more susceptible to a disease
63
Locus of control
a concept that allows nurses to assess whether patient thinks their health status is under their own or other's control.
a. Internal: high sense of control
b. External: loss sense of control
64
Afebrile
Patient has no fever
65
Apical Pulse
The pulse of apex portion of the heart
66
Apnea
absence of breathing
67
Arrhythmia
An irregular heart rhythm, time between beats is not consistent
68
Auscultatory Gap
Occurs in hypertensive patients, when pulse sounds are loss when high pressure is applied, but then resurfaces at lower pressures. This is when palpatory method is used
69
Basal Metabolic rate
rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing. Decrease with age
70
Bradycardia
When HR is too low. Less than 60 BPM
71
Core temperature
temp of deeper tissues of the body, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. Constant
72
Fever
Body temp is above normal
73
Orthostatic hypotension
A BP that falls when patient sits or stands, due to blood moving away from central organs to periphery
74
Oxygen Saturation
The percent of hemoglobin that has its binding sites with oxygen bounded to it
75
Pulse deficit
Any discrepancies between the apical and radial pulse
76
pulse pressure
difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
77
Point of maximal impulse
The apical pulse
78
Surface temperature
Temperature of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, fat. Rise and fall with environment temp
79
Tachypnea
When respiration rate is abnormally fast
80
Tidal volume
normal volume of air displaced during inspiration and expiration
