Vocab

Question 0

Civil rights

Answer 0

Protections against discrimination

Question 1

Civil liberties

Answer 1

Personal freedoms

Question 2

Clear and present danger doctrine

Answer 2

Judicial interpretation of amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society

Question 3

De facto segregation

Answer 3

Segregation “by fact”

TRADITION

Question 4

De jure segregation

Answer 4

Segregation by law

Question 5

Double jeopardy

Answer 5

Being prosecuted twice for the same offense➡️ banned by 5th amendment

Question 6

Due process clause

Answer 6

Prohibits the national gov and states from denying life, liberty, and property

Question 7

Equal protection clause

Answer 7

14th amendment that prohibits states from denying equal protection under law

Question 8

Eminent domain

Answer 8

The right the gov to take private property for the public good. With fair compensation

Question 9

Establishment clause

Answer 9

Provisions of amendment 1 the prohibits congress from establishing an official state religion

(Separation of church and state)

Question 10

Exclusionary clause

Answer 10

Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial

Question 11

Free exercise clause

Answer 11

Provision of amendment 1 stating that congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion

Question 12

Grandfather clause

Answer 12

Southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting the right to vote to only those whose grandfathers had before 1865

Question 13

Grand jury

Answer 13

Determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect

Question 14

Incorporation

Answer 14

Applying the bill of rights to the states

Question 15

Total incorporation

Answer 15

The states must obey all the provisions of the bill of rights because of the due process clause of the 14th amendment

Question 16

Selective incorporation

Answer 16

That the bill of rights is to be applied to the states in a more gradual manner or case be case basis

Question 17

Indictment

Answer 17

Grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense

Question 18

Jim Crow laws

Answer 18

Southern laws that required racial segregation in public places

Question 19

Libel

Answer 19

Written untruth that damage a reputation

Question 20

Literacy test

Answer 20

Southern method of excluding blacks from voting by requiring voters prove their ability to read and write

Question 21

Miranda warnings

Answer 21

Warnings that must be read to a suspect prior the questioning

Question 22

Plea bargain

Answer 22

Arrangement in which suspect pleads guilty to a lesser offensive in order to avoid trial

Question 23

Police powers

Answer 23

Powers that allow states to pass laws protecting the health, welfare, safety, and morals of their residents

Question 24

Poll tax

Answer 24

Southern method of limiting blacks voting right by requiring payment

Question 25

Prior restraint

Answer 25

When the court stops expression before it is made b/c it is presumed to be unconstitutional

Question 26

Racial gerrymandering

Answer 26

Drawing district lines to give electoral advantages to a particular racial group.

Question 27

Sedition

Answer 27

Advocacy of the overthrow of the government

Question 28

Separate but equal

Answer 28

Supreme Court doctrine established by plessy v ferguson. Allowed racial segregation if the facilities were equal

Question 29

Shield laws

Answer 29

State laws that protect journalist from having to reveal their source

Question 30

Slander

Answer 30

Spoken untruths that damage a reputation

Question 31

Strict scrutiny

Answer 31

Supreme Court guideline for determining if the gov can make racial distinctions

Question 32

White primary

Answer 32

Primary election in which southern states allow led only whites to vote