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Chemistry Chapter 14/15 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Not in notes

Net Ionic Equation

A

Includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.

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2
Q

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Spectator ions

A

Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in a solution both before and after the reaction.

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3
Q

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Ionization

A

Ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent.

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4
Q

Strong electrolyte

A

Book: any compound of which all or almost of the dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous solution.
Notes: lots of ionization, very few unionized
Ex. Saltwater

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5
Q

Weak electrolyte

A

Book: a compound of which a relatively small amount of the dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous as ions in an aqueous solution.
Notes: little ionization takes place.
Ex. HC2H3O

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6
Q

Colligative Properties

A

Book: properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity.
Notes: depend only on concentration of the solution. Not the chemicals in the solution.

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7
Q

Not in notes

Nonvolatile substance

A

One that had little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions.

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8
Q

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Molal freezing-point constant (Kf)

A

The freezing-point depression of the solvent in a 1- molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute.

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9
Q

Freezing-point Depression

A

Book: the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
Notes: a solution will freez at a lower temperature than the pure solvent.
-always subtracting

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10
Q

Not in notes

Molal boiling-point constant (Kb)

A

The boiling-point elevation of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of w nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute.

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11
Q

Boiling-point Depression

A

The difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution of that solvent and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
-always an increase

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12
Q

Not in notes

Semipermeable membrane

A

Allow the movement of some particles while blocking the movements of others.

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13
Q

Note in notes

Osmosis

A

The movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration.

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14
Q

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Osmotic pressure

A

The external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis.

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15
Q

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Binary acid

A

An acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more-electronegative elements.

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16
Q

Not in notes

Oxyacid

A

An acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal.

17
Q

Arrhenius Acid

A

Book: a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.
Notes: any chemical compound that forms a hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution or hydronium ion.

18
Q

Arrhenius Base

A

Book: a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
Notes: any compound that produced hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

19
Q

Strong acid

A

Book: one that ionizes completely in aqueous solution.
Notes: ionizes almost completely (strong electrolytes)

20
Q

Weak acids

A

Book: Acids that are weak electrolytes. Don’t ionize completely.
Notes: ionizes only partially.

21
Q

Alkaline

A

Book: when a base completely dissociates in water to yield aqueous OH- ions, the solution is referred
Notes: means base

22
Q

Brønsted-Lowry acid

A

Book: a molecule or ion that is a proton donor
Notes: ??donates a proton

23
Q

Brønsted-Lowry base

A

Book: a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor.
Notes:??accepts proton.

24
Q

Not in notes

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

A

Protons that are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base).

25
Q

Not in notes

Monoprotic acid

A

An acid that can donate only on proton per molecule.

Ex. HCl

26
Q

Not in notes

Polyprotic acid

A

Acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule.

27
Q

Not in notes

Diprotic acid

A

Can donate 2 protons per molecule.

28
Q

Not in notes

Triprotic acid

A

Able to donate 3 protons per molecule.

29
Q

Conjugate base

A

Book: the species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton.
Notes: what remains after the acid donates a proton.

30
Q

Conjugate acid

A

Book: the species that is formed when a Brønsted-Lowry base given a proton.
Notes: what is formed after a base accepts a proton.

31
Q

Amphoteric

A

Book: any species that can react as either an acid or a base.
Notes: acid or base depending on conditions.

32
Q

Not in notes

Neutralization

A

The reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules.

33
Q

Not in notes

Salt

A

An ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid.

34
Q

Not in notes

Lewis acid

A

An atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

35
Q

Not in notes

Lewis base

A

An atom, ion, or molecule that donated an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

36
Q

Not in notes

Lewis acid-base reaction

A

The formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor.

37
Q

Not in notes

Dissociation

A

Separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.

Chemistry Chapter 14/15 (8 decks)

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