Vocab

Question 1

Chemical Rock

Answer 1

Sedimentary rock made from minerals that were once dissolved in water.

Question 2

Clastic Rock

Answer 2

Sedimentary rock made from smaller pieces of other rocks.

Question 3

Cleavage

Answer 3

Splitting of a mineral along smooth surfaces.

Question 4

Compaction

Answer 4

Squeezing together of sediments to form rock.

Question 5

Core

Answer 5

Central part of earth about 3486 kilometers (2164 miles) thick.

Question 6

Crust

Answer 6

Top layer of earth about 25-90 kilometers (16-56 miles) thick on the continents, about 6 kilometers (4 miles) thick under oceans.

Question 7

Crystal

Answer 7

Mineral that has a shape with flat surfaces and angled sides.

Question 8

Crystal Structure

Answer 8

Regular, repeating pattern of atoms in minerals.

Question 9

Deposition

Answer 9

Process by which water, wind, or ice drops sediments in new locations.

Question 10

Erosion

Answer 10

Process by which sediments are carried away by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

Question 11

Fossil

Answer 11

Remains or traces of a living thing that have been preserved in rock.

Question 12

Fossil Fuel

Answer 12

Fuel that formed from the remains of once-living things.

Question 13

Fracture

Answer 13

Breaking of a mineral that forms jagged or uneven edges.

Question 14

Gemologist

Answer 14

Person who studies where gemstones come from and how they can be used.

Question 15

Gemstone

Answer 15

Beautiful and valuable mineral used for jewelry.

Question 16

Geologist

Answer 16

Scientist who studies rocks and minerals.

Question 17

Hardness

Answer 17

Resistance of a mineral to being scratched.

Question 18

Igneous Rock

Answer 18

Rock formed from melted rock (magma) that cooled.

Question 19

Lava

Answer 19

Melted rock (Magma) that reaches Earth’s surface.

Question 20

Luster

Answer 20

How a mineral reflects light from its surface.

Question 21

Magma

Answer 21

Melted rock beneath Earth’s surface.

Question 22

Mantle

Answer 22

Layer of Earth between the crust and the core, about 2885 kilometers (1790 miles) thick.

Question 23

Metallic Luster

Answer 23

Shiny like the polished surface of a metal.

Question 24

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 24

Rock that is changed into new rock by heat and pressure.

Question 25

Mineral

Answer 25

Natural, nonliving solid material found in or on Earth; building block of rocks.

Question 26

Mohs Scale

Answer 26

Scale for comparing the hardness of minerals with one another.

Question 27

Nonmetallic Luster

Answer 27

Not shiny like the polished surface of a metal.

Question 28

Nonrenewable resource

Answer 28

Useful material found in nature that cannot be replaced easily.

Question 29

Ore

Answer 29

Mineral or rock that contains enough of a valuable substance to make it worth mining.

Question 30

Organic Rock

Answer 30

Sedimentary rock made from once-living things.

Question 31

Rock

Answer 31

Natural solid that is usually a mixture of minerals.

Question 32

Rock Cycle

Answer 32

Constant forming and breaking down of rock materials.

Question 33

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 33

Rock formed from pieces of rocks, shells, or the remains of plants and animals.

Question 34

Sediments

Answer 34

Loose solid particles formed when rock is broken down.

Question 35

Streak

Answer 35

Color of a powdered mineral when it is rubbed across unglazed ceramic tile.

Question 36

Weathering

Answer 36

Breaking down of rocks to form sediments.

Question 37

Cementation

Answer 37

Process by which minerals glue together loose sediments, forming sedimentary rocks.