Vocab

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of living things (organism)

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

The building blocks for life

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Single celled organisms
Don't have membrane enclosed organelles
Eg- bacteria & archea
-DNA is in the nucleiod
-no membrane bound internal compartments

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

Unicellular or multicellular
Have internal membranes that enclose organelles within their cells
Includes nucleus-contain genetic material

Question 5

Data

Answer 5

Must be quantified using mathematical and statistical methods

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

A proposed explanation of observations that can be tested

Question 7

Inductive logic

Answer 7

Uses observations or facts to develop a tentative answer or hypothesis

Question 8

Deductive logic

Answer 8

Used to predict what facts would have to be true to be compatible with the hypothesis

Question 9

Controlled experiments

Answer 9

Manipulate one or more of the factors being tested

Question 10

Independent variable

Answer 10

The variable being manipulated or changed

Question 11

Dependent variable

Answer 11

The response that is measured

Question 12

Comparative experiments

Answer 12

Look for differences between samples or groups

Question 13

Model systems

Answer 13

Using one type of organism to understand others

Question 14

Cell theory

Answer 14

The first unifying theory of biology

• the fundamental units of life
• all organisms are composed of cells
• all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 15

Plasma membrane

Answer 15

Separates the inside of the cell from the environment

Question 16

Nucleiod

Answer 16

The region in a prokaryote where the DNA is located

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

The cellular material enclosed by the plasma membrane

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Protein and RNA complexes that are the sites of protein synthesis

Question 19

Cell wall

Answer 19

Rigid structure that surrounds many bacteria and provides structure

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

Corkscrew shaped appendages that help bacteria move

Question 21

Organelles

Answer 21

Eukaryotic cells have membrane enclosed compartments called organelles

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

Contains the DNA
Largest organelle
Site of DNA replication and RNA synthesis
Surrounded by a double membrane

Question 23

Nucleolus

Answer 23

Region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNAs(rRNA) are made

Question 24

Chromosome

Answer 24

Threadlike structure in nucelic acid and protein are found in nucleus

Circular
Eukaryotic cells the DNa is in linear chromosome

Question 25

Endomembrane system

Answer 25

A series of internal membranes that includes the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes

Question 26

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 26

Network of interconnected membranes in the cytoplasm | Large surface area

Question 27

Rough ER

Answer 27

Ribosomes are attached | Newly made proteins enter the rer lumen where they are modified, folded and transported to other regions

Question 28

Smooth er

Answer 28

More tubular No ribosomes Synthesis of lipids and steriods

Question 29

Golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Composed of flattened sacs(cisternae) and small membrane enclosed vesicles

Question 30

Lysosomes

Answer 30

Originate from the Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

Both in plant and animal cells | Energy fuel molecules is transformed to the bond of energy rich atp

Question 32

Chloroplasts

Answer 32

Site of photosynthesis | Light energy is converted to the energy of chemical bonds

Question 33

Vacuoles

Answer 33

Store waste products and toxic compounds | Provide structure for plant cells

Question 34

Cytoskeleton

Answer 34

Support and maintains cell shape Holds organelles in position Moves organelles Interacts with extra cellular structure to hold cell in place

Question 35

Extra cellular matrix

Answer 35

Composed of fibrous proteins such as collagen, gel like proteoglycans, and other protein

Question 36

Symbiosis

Answer 36

Living together

Question 37

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 37

Proposes that mitochondria and plastids arose when one cell engulfed another cell