Vocab Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
alternately arranged leaves
A
leaves that are arranged one after the other on opposite sides of a stem
2
Q
annual rings
A
one year’s wood growth, as viewed in the cross section of a tree trunk. one year contains one light and one dark ring
3
Q
artificial regeneration
A
the practice of planting seedlings or direct seeding for reestablishing a forest
4
Q
azimuth
A
the horizontal angular distance measured clockwise from due north
5
Q
azimuth compass
A
a compass that is graduated into 360 degree marks as a means of directional measurement
6
Q
backfire
A
a slow moving fire that burns into the wind
7
Q
bare root seedlings
A
nursery grown seedlings that are baled and delivered without soil around the roots
8
Q
bark
A
the dead, outer layer of the tree that provide protection from drying, insects and disease, freezing, and fire
9
Q
basal area
A
the cross-sectional area of the tree 4.5 feet above the ground
10
Q
bedding
A
the process of molding the dirt into a hill that seedlings can be planted on to protect them from standing water
11
Q
Best Management Practices
A
practices that are designed as the minimum standards necessary to protect water quality during forestry activities
12
Q
board foot
A
a unit of volume measurement for saw timber equal to 144 cubic inches of wood
13
Q
broadleaf trees
A
a term used for trees with wide leaves
14
Q
buck
A
when a tree is cut into a desired length
15
Q
canopy
A
the upper leaves of a tree
16
Q
cellulose
A
the main constituent of the cell wall of most plants, prized for it’s use in making paper and many other products
17
Q
certifiied wood products
A
wood products that come from forests that have been certified as a sustainable operation by an independent organization
18
Q
chip-n-saw
A
a size class of timber larger than pulpwood and smaller than sawtimber which yields small dimension lumber and wood chips as products
19
Q
chlorophyll
A
the green substance in plants, which acts a a catalyst in the photosynthesis process
20
Q
chipping
A
a mechanical operation that removes small, undesirable vegetation by rolling a drum with multiple blades over it
21
Q
circumference
A
the distance around the perimeter of a circle
22
Q
clinometer
A
an instrument used to measure the heights of objects by using trigonometry
23
Q
co-dominant trees
A
trees in the upper portion of the forest canopy that are taller and bigger than all but the largest “dominant” treees
24
Q
compass
A
an instrument used to determine magnetic north and an azimuth
25
compound leaves
leaves that are made up of several leaflets together in a single leaf
26
conifer
trees that have needle-like or scale-like leaves, and usually bear cones
27
conservation
the controlled use and systematic protection of natural resources
28
containerized
a seedling that grows in a small container with soil around the roots
29
coppice
a process by which apical buds form new stems from the stump or roots of a tree
30
cord
a stack of wood 4' x 4' x 8' (128 cubic feet) which contains both solid wood and air. generally results in about 90 cubic feet of solid wood
31
cork cambium
the layer of soft growing tissue in a plant that develops into new bark and new wood
32
deciduous
a tree that sheds all its leaves at the end of the growing season
33
de-limb
the process of removing the limbs from trees during the harvest operation
34
dendrology
the science of tree identification
35
diameter
the straight-line distance through the center of an object
36
diameter at breast height
(DBH) the diameter of a tree measured from a point 4.5 feet above the ground
37
dibble bar
a spade like device used to open holes for planting trees
38
dominant trees
the tallest, broadest trees of a forest that get the most sunlight
39
earlywood
the lighter colored, less dense wood that grows in the spring and summer
40
ecotone
(edge) an area where two plant communities come together
41
endangered species
a species with a population small enough that the US government has determined that it needs special protection to survive
42
environmental conditions
conditions that are a result of weather, climate, or the other parts of the ecological system
43
evapotranspiration
the process by which water is released as a vapor into the atmosphere through evaporation and respiration
44
even-aged forest
a forest that consists of trees of similar age
45
evergreen
a tree that holds onto its leaves through more than one year
46
feeder roots
roots at or near the soil surface that absorb most of the water and nutrients needed by the tree
47
feller-buncher
a wheeled or tracked vehicle with a timber cutting shear or saw that cuts and stacks harvested trees in one operation
48
fire break
a natural or man-made area where there are not forest fuels to carry a fire
49
flank fire
a fire burns perpendicular to the wind
50
Florida Forest Service
the agency organized by the Florida Board of Forestry in the 1920s to help Florida replenish its wood resources
51
forest fuels
any naturally occurring materials that can carry a fire, such as leaves, wood, grass and other vegetation, dead or alive
52
Forest Management Practices
activities such as planting, burning, and harvesting that are incorporated into the management plan of a forest
53
forestry
the art and science of cultivating, maintaining, and developing a forest and related natural resources
54
galleries
the tunnels that insects make in wood
55
galls
a swelling on a leaf or stem caused by an insect or pathogen
56
genetically resistant variations
a plant or animal that is resistant to a disease, virus, or other infection/infestation because of genetic characteristics
57
girdling
the practice of severing phloem tissue around a tree's circumference
58
grass stage
the early life stage of a longleaf pine or south Florida slash pine that resembles a clump of grass
59
Gunter's chain
a unit of length equal to 66 feet
60
harvest
the activity of taking wood products from the forest
61
head fire
a fire that moves in the direction of the wind
62
heartwood
dead, inactive phloem located in the center of the tree
63
herbicide
a chemical that is able to kill certain types of plants
64
Integrated Pest Management
pest management that involves a variety of control measures for insects and diseases
65
intermediate trees
trees that receive some sunlight from above, but none from the sides due to competition from the dominant and co-dominant trees
66
lateral roots
roots that grow along the surface rather than deep into the soil
67
latewood
the darker, more dense wood that also respire for the tree
68
leaves
the tree's food making factories that also respire for the tree and serve as insulation and protection from inclement weather
69
log
a cut tree 16 feet long
70
margins
the edge of a leaf. descriptions often help in the identification of the species to which the leaf belongs
71
Master Logger Program
a program developed by the Florida Forestry Association that certifies loggers who have completed courses dealing with environmentally sound logging techniques
72
merchantable tree height
the height of the portion of a tree that can be used for wood products
73
mixed forest
a forest that has more than one dominant species
74
multiple use forestry
managing forestland for more than one purpose; such as for timber, wildlife, aesthetics, recreation, and soil and water conservation
75
mychorrizae
beneficial fungi that aid a root to absorb water and nutrients
76
natural regeneration
the practice of relying on seed produced and spread from standing trees or coppicing for regeneration of a forest stand
77
Naval Stores
products such as turpentine and rosin delivered from gum or resin of pines used in the naval industry
78
oppositely arranged leaves
leaves that grow directly across from each other on a branch
79
pace
two normal, relaxed steps
80
pathogen
an organism capable of causing a disease
81
pesticide
a chemical that kills or repels animal or insect pests
82
phloem
tissue which conducts food manufactured in the crown to the rest of the tree
83
photosynthesis
the food making process of all plants. carbon dioxide and water are combined to form sugars and oxygen using light energy
84
pitch
the rosin inside a tree. it is commonly seen when it comes out of a tree after it is injured
85
plots
points in the forest where sample measurements are taken
86
poles
round timbers that are placed upright in holes in the ground
87
prescribed burning
the application of fire as a management tool to obtain specific objectives desired to maintain and cultivate a forest
88
Prime Meridian marker
a concrete marker in Tallahassee where the Township numbering system for the state begins
89
prism
an instrument that is calibrated to determine the basal area of a forest by refracting light through a wedge shaped piece of glass
90
pulpwood
standing timber or cut roundwood that is suitable for converting to pulp for making paper or cellulose based products
91
range lines
parallel lines 6 miles apart running north-south that are numbered to denote east-west locations of townships
92
recreation
engaging in activities for fun and enjoyment
93
reforestation
the act of putting trees back where they once were
94
root hairs
tiny projection of tree roots that absorb the bulk of nutrients and water required by the tree
95
roots
the part of the tree that absorbs water and nutrients, and anchor the tree against wind and water
96
rotations
the length of time from stand establishment (planting) to final harvest
97
sapwood
active xylem tissue, the layer of wood that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown
98
saw timber
trees suitable for the production of lumber
99
scalping
the practice of peeling back the top layer of soil in a strip about 2.5 feet wide and 4 inches deep that reduces competition from other vegetation
100
silviculture
the science of producing and tending a forest
101
simple leaves
a leaf that does not have leaflets, only one true leaf
102
skidder
a rubber-tired or tracked vehicle designed to pull logs through the woods to loading ares
103
snags
standing dead treees
104
Special Management Zones
an area immediately adjacent to a body of water where certain restrictions apply to forestry activities to protect the water quality
105
stomata
openings in the leaf that releases water vapor to cool the leaf and the air around it
106
suppressed trees
the slowest growing, weakest trees of a forest that receive no direct sunlight
107
sustainable
the ability of something to last forever
108
Sustainable Forestry
a program adopted by forest industries that encourages sustainable forestry operations
109
taproot
the main supportive root of the tree's root system. it serves as support for the rest of the tree and also aids in water and nutrient absorption
110
total tree height
the total height of a tree from its base to the top of its highest leaves
111
township lines
parallel lines 6 miles apart and running east-west that are numbered to denote north-south locations of townships
112
tree-felling
the process of cutting down (felling) a tree
113
trigonometry
a branch of mathematics that use the measurements of angles to determine relative information
114
uneven-aged forest
a forest that is made up of trees that are of different ages
115
vascular cambrium
the zone of xylem and phloem development where cells divide and differentiate into either xylem cells or phloem cells
116
V-blad planting
planting that uses a bulldozer wit ha blade shaped like a "V" to clear logging debris and vegetation so that seedlings could be planted by a planter pulled behind it
117
veneer
thin sheets of wood that are glued to other materials or each other, often to make plywood
118
whole-tree chipping
the process of chipping an entire tee into small pieces to be used as mulch, pulp, or fuel
119
whorled leaf arrangement
leaves that are arranged in a pattern that circles the stem
120
wildlife
animals found in natural settings
121
xylem
woody tissue which transports water and nutrients from the roots to the crown consisting of millions of tube-like cells
