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Anatomy Semester 2 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Cephalization

A

Evolutionary development of the rostral (anterior) portion of the CNS
Increased number of neurons in the head
Highest level is reached in the human brain

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3
Q

Gyri

A

The ridges in the brain

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4
Q

Sulci

A

The shallow grooves in the brain

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5
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates the the two hemispheres

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6
Q

Transverse Cerebral Fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

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7
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

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8
Q

Parietooccipital Sulcus

A

Separates the parietal and occipital lobes

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9
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Separates parietal and temporal lobes

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10
Q

Insula

A

The layer under the medial surface

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Thin superficial layer of gray matter

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12
Q

Motor areas

A

Primary (somatic) motor cortex;Premotor cortex;Broca’s area; Frontal eye field

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13
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Large pyramidal cells of the precentral gyri

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14
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

Brain neurons with many many dendrites;triangle shaped

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15
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Plays a role in direct behavior

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls muscles of the tounge

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17
Q

Frontal eye field

A

Controls voluntary eye movement

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18
Q

Sensory areas

A

Conscious awareness of sensation

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19
Q

P.somatosensory cortex

A

Receives sensory information, interprets where it’s from

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20
Q

Associaction cortex

A

Integrates sensory input from p.somatonsory cortex

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21
Q

P. visual cortex

A

Receives visual information from retinas, post exp to interpret visual stimuli

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22
Q

Auditory association area

A

Stores memories of odors

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23
Q

Gustatory cortex

A

Perception if tast

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24
Q

Visual sensory area

A

Conscious perception of visceral sensations

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25
Vestibular cortex
Balance center
26
Multimodal association areas
Gives meaning to info,stores memory
27
Post association area
Recognizes patterns and faces
28
Anterior association area
Contains memory for judgement/conscience
29
Limbic association area
Emotional impact to establish memories
30
Lateralization
Division of labor between hemispheres
31
Cerebral dominance
Designates dominate language hemisphere
32
C white matter
Mylelated fibers responsible or communication
33
Commissural fibers
Connects two hemishoeres
34
Corpus callosum
Divides cerebral hemispheres
35
Association fibers
Connects different parts if the same hemisphere
36
Projection fibers
Hemispheres to the spinal cord
37
Basal nuclei
Subcortial nuclei, regulates attention, cognition, movements
38
Diencephalon
3rd ventricle: thalamus,hypothalamus,pineal gland
39
Thalamus
80% of diencephalon- gateway to cerebral cortex;sorts,edits, releases info
40
Hypothalamus
Autonomic control and emotional responses, regulates sleep
41
Pituitary gland
Controls hormone release
42
Pineal gland
Secrets melatonin
43
Epithalamion
Roof of 3rd ventricle
44
Midbrain
Between diencephalon and pons
45
C. Pendundes
Contains pyramidal motor tracts
46
Corpora quadrigemina
Domelike dorsal protrusions
47
Substantia nigra
Linked to basal nucle
48
Red nucleus
Relay nuclei info, builds eyeballs
49
Pons
Connects brain centers to spinal cord
50
Medulla oblongata
Automotic reflex center-cardiovascular,respiratorg
51
Cerebellum
Provides precise timing for muscle movements
52
Cerebellum
Provides precise timing for muscle movements
53
Purkinje cells
Primary neuron cell in myocardium, very large
54
Arbor vitae
Treelike pattern of white matter in cerbellum
55
Limbic system
Emotional or affective brain
56
Amygdale
Recognizes fear and facial expressions
57
Psychosomatic illness
Illness with amental side effects and symptoms
58
Reticular formation
Sends impulses to cerebral cortex or keep it conscious/alert
59
EEG
records electric brain wave activity
60
A waves
Idling brain
61
B waves
Mentally alert
62
T waves
Irregular sporadic
63
D waves
Seen in deep sleep/anasthesin;may indicate brain change
64
Aura
Sensory hallucinations
65
Consciousness
Perception of sensation/ initiation if control movement
66
Non-remsleep
Restorative sleep; 4 stages
67
REM sleep
Dreaming, information purge
68
Memory
Storage and retrieval of information
69
S-t memory
Temporary holding of information working memory of a few things
70
L-t memory
Limitless capacity, takes time to transfer from STM
71
Declarative memory
Factual knowledge
72
Memory consolidation
Hippocampus and temporal lobes access memory
73
Procedural memory
Basal nuclei relay input to the thalamus/ peremptory cortex
74
Motor memory
Involves cerebellum
75
Emotional memory
Involved amygdala
76
Meninges
Membranes protecting the CBS
77
Dura mater
Strongest layer; limits excessive brain movement
78
Arachnoid mater
Middle,weblike layer that keeps CSF moving
79
Pia Mater
Vascularized connective tissue that clings to the brain
80
Cerebrospinal fluid
Clear-watery fluid fills Soave with pia and arachnoid mater
81
Blood-brain barrier
Barrier with tissues and circulating blood/CNS
82
Spinal cord
Bundle of nerve fibers enclosed in spine
83
Alar plate
Neural structure in embryonic system
84
Basal plate
Flat structure or layer protection of the nerves
85
Spinal dura mater
Three layers of meninges protecting cord
86
Epidural space
The outermost part in the spinal column
87
Lumbar puncture
Therapeutic removal of centesis fluid
88
Perephrial nervous system
The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
89
Mechanore ceptors
Sense organ the responds to mechanical stimulus
90
Thermore ceptors
Sensory receptor responds to heat and cold
91
Photoreceptors
Responds to light falling on receptor
92
Chemoreceptors
Responsive to chemical stimuli
93
Nociceptors
Sensitive to tissue trama, damage of tissue
94
Exteroceptors
Receptor that receives external stimuli
95
Interceptors
Receives stimulus from within body
96
Interceptors
Receives stimulus from within body
97
Proprinceptors
Responds to position and movement
98
Free nerve ending
Unspecified, afferent nerve ensig
99
Sensation
Of or related to a physical sensation/ feeling
100
Perception
To be able to see, hear, or become aware
101
Somatosensory system
Bodily perception, includes skin senses
102
Receptor potential
Graded potential in sensory system
103
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that are from the brain
104
Spinal nerves
31 nerves emerging from spinal cord
105
Ventral roots
Pass ventrally from the spinal cord
106
Dorsal roots
Pass dorsally to the spinal cord
107
Dorsal ramps
Posterior branches of the spinal nerves
108
Ventral ramus
Anterior divisions of the spinal nerves
109
Meninejeal branch
Artery vessels branching form pharyngeal artery
110
Nerve plexuses
A network of intersecting nerves
111
Cuteineous nerves
Nerve that intervates the skin
112
Cutaneous nerves
Nerve that intervates the skin
113
Autonomic nervous system
Responsible for control of bodily functions
114
Parasympathetic division
Actions that don't require direct action
115
Sympathetic division
A Setor series of interconnected parts that act together in a common purpose the produce results

Anatomy Semester 2 (1 decks)

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