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Principles > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

A

Afferent

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2
Q

The perception of pain from a normally non painful stimulus

A

Allodynia

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3
Q

Pathological fusion of bones across a joint

A

Ankylosis

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4
Q

Made up of two vertebral bodies and an intervertebral discb weight bearing

A

Anterior motion segment

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5
Q

Type II nerve injury; disruption of not only the myelin sheath, but the axon as well. The epineurium and perinereurium remain in tact, meaning that there is still some continuity within the nerve. Axonotmesis leads to Wallerian degeneration a process whereby the part of the axon that is separated from the neuronal celled disintegrates distal to the injury. The prognosis for nerves ar this stage is fair, and recovery may require months. Commonly seen in crush injuries and displaced bone fractures.

A

Axonotmesis

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6
Q

Released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

A

Bradykinin

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7
Q

Small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

A

C fibers

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8
Q

Is a small progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. When a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under thebload.

A

Creep

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9
Q

Innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Dorsal rami

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10
Q

Seen in nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatoneb sharp or burning pain; radicular

A

Dermatogenous pain pattern

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11
Q

Motor impulses from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

A

Efferent

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12
Q

The tendency of tissue under load to return to it’s original size and shape after removal of the load. Rubber bands and ligaments are examples

A

Elasticity

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13
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers

A

Endoneurium

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14
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers

A

Epineurium

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15
Q

Responsible for direction of motion (directional guidance)

A

Facets

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16
Q

Increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. Continued stimulation results in hyperactive responses

A

Facilitation

17
Q

Receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension. Inhibits muscles contraction when stimulated

A

Golgi tendon organ

18
Q

Treats patients with heavily diluted preparations (primarily from plant mineral sources) which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented.

A

Homeopathy

19
Q

Refers to the loss of energy whe the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It is absorption or dissipation of energy a distorted structure. Example: jumping up and down, the shock energy is absorbed by the discs on it’s way from the feet to head

A

Hysteresis

20
Q

Intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

A

Meniscoid

21
Q

Functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets, as well as the and ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets.

A

Motion segment

22
Q

Receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers.

A

Muscle spindle

23
Q

Type I nerve injury. Involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath. The axon’s continuity is retained, and although conduction across the nerve injury is inhibited, conduction within the nerve both proximal and distal to the legion remains intact. The prognosis for an injured nerve at this stage is good, and recovery occurs within weeks to months. Wrist drop secondary to prolonged external pressure that compresses the radial nerve at the spiral groove of the humerus is a clinical example.

A

Neurpraxia

24
Q

Type III nerve injury ; the most severe form of nerve injury, is associated with complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium. The axon, myelin sheath, and connective-tissue components are damaged, disrupted, or transacted. As with a onetime sis, neurotmesis initiates Wallerian degeneration, but the prognosis for nerves is poor. Commonly seen after lacerations or ischemic injuries.

A

Neurotmesis

25
Q

Sensory receptors sensitive to pain.

A

Nociceptor

26
Q

Focus was on the “rule of the artery” and the use on nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood

A

Osteopathy

27
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers

A

Perineurium

28
Q

The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed. Example can be bone

A

Plasticity

29
Q

Articular facets; responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surrounds the posterior motion segment.

A

Posterior motion segment

30
Q

Preceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body

A

Proprioceptors

31
Q

Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized

A

Sclerotogenous pain pattern

32
Q

Recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints, and intervertebral disc of the vertebrae. Goes to PLL, ligamentum Flava, anterior dura but NOT to the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Sinu-vertebral nerve (aka Recurrent meningeal nerve)

33
Q

Essentially refers to the skin, bone, nerve, and muscle

A

Soma (somatic)

34
Q

Related to growth and nutrition

A

Tropic

35
Q

Run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae( beginning at c6). Obstruction of the transverse foramina may lead to vertebral artery insufficiency.

A

Vertebral arteries

36
Q

Innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs

A

Ventral rami

37
Q

Essentially refers to autonomic organs, blood, and lymph vessels

A

Viscera (visceral)

38
Q

The principles that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life

A

Vitalism

Principles (13 decks)

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