Vocab

Question 1

Trait/Characteristic

Answer 1

The categoric areas that are present due to genes.

Ex. Hair colour

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

The transmitter of genetoc material from parent to offspring.
Condensed DNA

Question 3

Homologus Chromosomes/Homologs/Homologus Pairs

Answer 3

Two chromosomes that are similar in size, content, and centromere location, one from each parent.

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

One genetic info packet from parents containing alleles.

Question 5

Locus/Loci

Answer 5

Where genes are located on a chromosome.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Different form of genes, closer more detailed characteristics.

Question 7

Genotypes vs Phenotypes

Answer 7

Genotypes: organism genes related to a trait.

Phenotype: observable details of the trait.

Question 8

Homozygus (dominant/recessive)/pure breeding

Answer 8

Having two alleles that are identical for a specific trait. Both recessive or both dominant.

Question 9

Heterozygus/Hybrid

Answer 9

Having one recessive and one dominant allele.

Question 10

Autosome vs. Sex-chromosome

Answer 10

Autosomes are chromosomes that do not differ between genders.

Sex-chromosomes are chromosomes that differ between genders.

Question 11

Autosomal

Answer 11

Organism who’s chromosomes do not differ between genders.

Question 12

Sex-Linked

Answer 12

Traits controlled by sex-chromosomes.

Question 13

Dominant

Answer 13

Able to control or override outcomes

Question 14

Recessive

Answer 14

Only able to represent when no dominant allele is present.

Question 15

Punnet Square

Answer 15

Tool to help determine what phenotypes will be visible.

Question 16

Pedigree

Answer 16

Genetic Family Tree

Question 17

Mode of Inheritance

Answer 17

The way genes are passed down to the next generation. Ie. In humans we use pedigree where in plants you can use testcross or self polination.

Question 18

Centromere

Answer 18

Place where chromatids of a chromosome are held together

Question 19

Co-dominance

Answer 19

When both alleles are equally dominant so they both show up in the offspring
Ex. Mom is blue and dad is red, offspring is blue with red dots

Question 20

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 20

When neither allele in a heterozygous organism is dominant over the other so they create a third phenotypic option.
Ex. Curly hair + straight hair = wavy hair

Question 21

Test-cross

Answer 21

Used to find out if an organism is homozygous or heterozygous dominant by breeding it with a known homozygous recessive organism.