vocab

Question 1

Trochlea

Answer 1

A pulley; the pool shaped medial portion of the condyle of the humerus

Question 2

Calcification

Answer 2

The deposition of calcium salts within a tissue

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

A cell that dissolves the fibers and matrix of a bone

Question 4

endosteum

Answer 4

an incomplete cellular lining on the inner surfaces of bones

Question 5

meatus

Answer 5

an opening or entrance into a passageway

Question 6

Callus

Answer 6

a localized thickening of the epidermis due to chronic mechanical stresses

Question 7

comminuted

Answer 7

broken or crushed into small pieces

Question 8

intramembranous ossification

Answer 8

the formation of bone within a connective tissue without the prior development of a cartilaginous

Question 9

appositional growth

Answer 9

the enlargement of a cartilage or bone by the addition of cartilage or bony matrix at its surface

Question 10

foramen/foramina

Answer 10

openings or passages through a bone

Question 11

ectopic

Answer 11

outside the normal location

Question 12

sulcus

Answer 12

a groove or furrow

Question 13

articulate cartilage

Answer 13

the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity

Question 14

trochanter

Answer 14

large process near the head of the femur

Question 15

epiphyseal cartilage

Answer 15

the cartilaginous region between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone

Question 16

osteocyte

Answer 16

a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone

Question 17

periosteum

Answer 17

the later that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous region and inner cellular region

Question 18

ossification

Answer 18

the formation of bone

Question 19

epiphysis

Answer 19

the head of a long bone

Question 20

lamellae

Answer 20

concentric layers

Question 21

canaliculi

Answer 21

microscopic passageways between cells

Question 22

metaphysis

Answer 22

the region of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 23

tuberosity

Answer 23

a large, roughened elevation on a bony surface

Question 24

endochondral ossification

Answer 24

the replacement of a cartilaginous model by bone

Question 25

squamous

Answer 25

flattened

Question 26

spongy bone

Answer 26

bone that consists of an open network of struts and plates that resembles a latticework

Question 27

parathyroid glands

Answer 27

four small glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone

Question 28

osteolysis

Answer 28

the breakdown of the mineral matrix of bone

Question 29

central canal

Answer 29

longitudinal canal in the center of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves, a passageway along the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 30

sutural bones

Answer 30

irregular bones that form in fibrous tissue between the flat bones of the developing cranium

Question 31

sesamoid bone

Answer 31

a bone that forms within a tendon

Question 32

osteoblast

Answer 32

a cell that produces the fibers and matrix of bone

Question 33

trabecular bone

Answer 33

bone that consists of an open network of struts and plates that resembles a latticework

Question 34

condyle

Answer 34

a rounded articular projection on the surface of a bone

Question 35

articular

Answer 35

pertaining to a joint

Question 36

thyroid gland

Answer 36

an endocrine gland whose lives are lateral to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

Question 37

fossa

Answer 37

a shallow depression or furrow in the surface of a bone

Question 38

ramus/rami

Answer 38

a branch/branches

Question 39

calcitonin

Answer 39

the hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high

Question 40

osteogenic layer

Answer 40

the inner, cellular layer of the periosteum that aids in bone growth and repair

Question 41

parathyroid hormone

Answer 41

a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands when blood calcium levels decrease below the normal range

Question 42

lacuna

Answer 42

a small pit or cavity

Question 43

medullary cavity

Answer 43

the space within a bone that contains the marrow

Question 44

fracture

Answer 44

a break or crack in a bone

Question 45

hematoma

Answer 45

an abnormal collection of clotted or partially clotted blood outside a blood vessel

Question 46

trabecula

Answer 46

a connective tissue partition that subdivides an organ

Question 47

diaphysis

Answer 47

the shaft of a long bone

Question 48

compact bone

Answer 48

dense bone that contains parallel osteons

Question 49

sinus

Answer 49

a chamber or hollow in a tissue; a large, dilated vein

Question 50

wormian bones

Answer 50

irregular bones that form in fibrous tissue between the flat bones of the developing cranium