Vocab Flashcards
(19 cards)
Atom
the basic building blocks of matter & the smallest particle to take place in a chemical reaction
Element
a substance made up of only one type of atom
Compound
a substance made up of more than one type of atom, chemically combined in a fixed ratio
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom: this determines the placement of the element on the Periodic Table
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Electron Configuration
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom or ion. Electrons occupy shells which can hold a maximum of 2, 8, 8, 2 electrons
Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge
Valency
An atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge
Nucleus
The nucleus is the information centre of the cell
Electron
the negatively charged particles of atom (-)
Proton
positively charged particles found within atom (+)
Neutron
neutral particle that is found in an atom (0)
Period
A period in the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells
Group
a group is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table
Indicator
an indicator is a substance that changes colour in acidic and base solutions E.G.
LITMUS - 2 colours, it can either be blue or red, red in acid, blue in base
UNIVERSAL - roy g biv
pH scale
pH of a substance is a number which tells you how acidic or basic a substance is
if solution has a pH less than 7 it is acidic
if solution has a pH of 7 it is neutral
if solution has pH greater than 7 it is basic
Acid
acids are substances that when dissolved in water will form a hydrogen ion (H+)
Base
bases are substances that when dissolved in water will form hydroxide ions (OH-)
Neutralisation
when acids and bases react, they neutralise each other and form a salt and water
