Vocab and Diseases

Question 1

Complete loss of smell

Answer 1

Anosmia

Question 2

A decreased sense of smell

Answer 2

hyposmia

Question 3

an increased sense of smell

Answer 3

hyperosmia

Question 4

a perversion of smell

Answer 4

parosmia

Question 5

abnormally disagreeable smell

Answer 5

Cacosmia

Question 6

involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause is MS. Lesion of the visual appartus.

Answer 6

Retrobulbar neuritis

Question 7

Lesion of the visual appartus. Includes various forms of retinitis.

Answer 7

Optic or bulbar neuritis

Question 8

Lesion of the visual appartus. Commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, HTN.

Answer 8

Papilledema aka “Choked disc”

Question 9

Lesion of the visual appartus. Associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc.

Answer 9

Optic Atrophy

Question 10

Lesion of the visual appartus. Caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and DO NOT produce papilledema.

Answer 10

Primary Optic Atrophy

Question 11

Lesion of the visual appartus. Sequel of papilledema.

Answer 11

Secondary Optic Atrophy

Question 12

Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary.

Answer 12

Primary (simple optic atrophy)

Question 13

Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 13

Secondary Optic atrophy

Question 14

Lesion of the visual appartus.. Corneal scars, and arteriosclerotic changes in the retina may occur. Tumors and other lesions may interrupt optic pathways.

Answer 14

Opacities of the lens

Question 15

Caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe. Characterized by ipsilateral blindness, and anosmia and contralateral papilledema.

Answer 15

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Question 16

Cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark CHERRY RED spot in place of the macula lutea.

Answer 16

Amaurotic Familial idiocy (AKA Tay-Sachs Disease)

Question 17

Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct or indirect reaction to light.

Answer 17

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Question 18

Characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. Pupil is “myotonic” slow reaction/contraction

Answer 18

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

Question 19

Outward/lateral movement of eye?

Answer 19

Exotropia

Question 20

Inward/medial movement of eye?

Answer 20

Esotropia

Question 21

Deviation of bilateral eye alignment

Answer 21

Heterotropia

Question 22

Hypertropia

Answer 22

move eyes up

Question 23

move eyes down

Answer 23

Hypotropia

Question 24

An example of a lesion affecting the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) would be?

Answer 24

Multiple sclerosis

Question 25

Involuntary eye oscillations. the result of uncoordinated attempts at controlling eye movement.

Answer 25

Nystagmus

Question 26

a pupil that reacts to light very slowly, remains constricted longer, then dilates slowly. Occurs most often in young women and is benign.

Answer 26

Holmes- Adie Syndrome aka Adie's Pupil/Tonic pupil

Question 27

Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct/indirect reaction to light.

Answer 27

Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 28

**Sympathetic hypofunction due to lesions of the neck PROXIMAL to the carotid artery bifurcation that compresses ascending sympathetic fibers is what?

Answer 28

Horner's Syndrome

Question 29

An inward sinking of the eyeball in the eye socket

Answer 29

Enophthalmos

Question 30

Clinical testing for peripheral vision is accomplished via a technique known as...?

Answer 30

Confrontation

Question 31

The apparent pupillodilation with light introduction is known as?

Answer 31

Marcus-Gunn phenomenon

Question 32

If inflammation is behind the portion of the optic disc that can be visualized during exam, it may be referred to as

Answer 32

Acute retrobulbar neuritis

Question 33

Collections of degenerative deposits that often appear in the fundus of elderly people.

Answer 33

Drusen Bodies

Question 34

Common disorder of CN V, idiopathic syndrome usually sharp, painful sensation in the clear distribution of the opthalmic, maxillary or mandibular divisions.

Answer 34

Trigeminal Neuralgia aka Tic Douloureux and Fothergill's Neuralgia

Question 35

Corneal reflex may be absent in early cases of what?

Answer 35

Multiple sclerosis

Question 36

Parasympathetic fibers cause increase secretion of what saliva?

Answer 36

THIN, WATERY

Question 37

Sympathetic cause increase secretion of what salive?

Answer 37

THICK, TURBID

Question 38

Peripheral facial paralysis

Answer 38

Prosopoplegia

Question 39

Lesion is peripheral to the geniculate ganglion, Flaccid paralysis involving all IPSILATERAL facial muscles

Answer 39

Bell's Palsy

Question 40

Forehead is spared, central type of facial paralysis

Answer 40

Stroke

Question 41

Complete taste loss

Answer 41

Ageusia

Question 42

Peripheral lesions in CN VII must be PROXIMAL to what to affect taste?

Answer 42

Stylomastoid Foramen

Question 43

A decrease or loss of hearing

Answer 43

Hypoacusis

Question 44

An increase in intensity of hearing

Answer 44

Hyperacusis

Question 45

Vestibular diseases are always accompanied by ____.

Answer 45

Vertigo

Question 46

Complete bilateral CN ___ paralysis is not compatible with Life.

Answer 46

CN X

Question 47

Loss of voice

Answer 47

Aphonia

Question 48

faulty articulation

Answer 48

dysarthria

Question 49

no articulation

Answer 49

Anarthria

Question 50

faulty swallowing

Answer 50

dysphagia

Question 51

no swalling

Answer 51

aphagia

Question 52

increased air entering into nasal cavity

Answer 52

hypernasal

Question 53

decreased air entering into nasal cavity

Answer 53

hyponasal

Question 54

Uncoordinated movement

Answer 54

Dyssynergia

Question 55

inaccuracy in measuring distance

Answer 55

Dysmetria

Question 56

Inability to perform actions properly

Answer 56

Diadochokinesia

Question 57

Tactile disc of Merkel receptors are sensitive to light touch or nondiscriminating touch (______)

Answer 57

Thigmesthesia

Question 58

Discriminating touch is called

Answer 58

Topesthesia

Question 59

Loss of vibratory sensation

Answer 59

Pallanesthesia

Question 60

Nociceptive impulses travel along the slightly myelinated ___ ____ fibers and along the unmyelinated __ fibers.

Answer 60

A Delta; C

Question 61

decreased pain sensitivity

Answer 61

Hypalgesia

Question 62

increased pain sensitivity

Answer 62

Hyperalgesia

Question 63

If fasciculations are not seen by the naked eye but can be demonstrated electromyographically, they are called what?

Answer 63

Fibrillations

Question 64

Loss of normal neurological function.

Answer 64

Deficit phenomena

Question 65

exaggerations or perversions of normal neurological function due to loss of cortical inhibition.

Answer 65

Release Phenomena

Question 66

Two types of typertonia?

Answer 66

Spasticity and Rigidity

Question 67

increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement, then quickly fades away "CLASPED KNIFE"

Answer 67

Spasticity

Question 68

Involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire range of motion. "GOOSENECK"

Answer 68

Rigidity

Question 69

When testing the patellar reflexes, the patient is asked to hook his fingers and try to pull them apart at the time the reflex is being tested. This is called what?

Answer 69

Method of Jendrassik

Question 70

Shaking in the fingers due to agonists and antagonists

Answer 70

Physiological tremor

Question 71

startle reactions and are usually normal occurrences

Answer 71

Myoclonic jerks

Question 72

Twitches within the muscles often after exercise and are not pathological

Answer 72

Benign Fasciculations