Vocab Cor C2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Homologous series
Series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Structural isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula
But different structural arrangements of atoms
Stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but with different arrangements of atoms in space
Homolytic fission
Breaking of covalent bond
One of the bonded electrons goes to each atom
Forming 2 radicals
Radical
Species with unpaired electron
Heterolytic fission
Breaking of covalent bond
Both bonded electrons go to one of the atoms
Forms cation (+ve) and anion (-ve)
Nucleophile
Atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron deficient atom ore centre where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Electrophile
An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron rich atom or centre where it ACCEPTS a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Polymer
Long molecular chain built up from monomer units
Monomer
Small molecule that combines with other monomers to form a polymer
Curly arrow
Symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond
Volatility
Ease at which liquid turns into a gas
Volatility increases as boiling point decreases
Reflux
Continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry
Limiting reagent
Substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first
Enthalpy
Heat content that is stored in a chemical system
Activation energy
Minimum energy required to start a reaction by breaking bonds
Standard enthalpy change COMBUSTION
Enthalpy change that takes place when ONE MOLE of the substance reacts COMPLETELY with OXYGEN
Under standard conditions
All reactants and products being in their STANDARD STATES
Standard enthalpy change FORMATION
Enthalpy change that takes place when ONE MOLE of a compound is formed from its CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS in their STANDARD STATES
Under standard conditions
Specific heat capacity
Energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1’C
Bond enthalpy
Enthalpy change that takes place when breaking (by homolytic fission) 1mol of a given bond in the molecules of a gaseous series
Le Chatelier’s principle
When a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to change the position of the equilibrium will shift to minimise the change
Functional group
Part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
