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WORLD HISTORY FINAL > Vocab - Islam > Flashcards

Vocab - Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Muhammad

A
  • born to a powerful meccan family clan
  • talented, charismatic, businessman, knows how to get along with all the different clans
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2
Q

Islam

A

“submission to the will of Allah”

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3
Q

Muslim

A

“one who has submitted”

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4
Q

Hijrah

A

the journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina

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5
Q

Mosque

A

place of worship, like a church

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6
Q

Hajj

A

pilgramage to mecca

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7
Q

Qu’ran

A

holy book of muslims
Muhammad’s revelations recieved from Gabriel

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8
Q

Sunna

A

Muhammad’s example

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9
Q

Shari’a

A

laws
combined Sunna + Qu’ran

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10
Q

Mecca

A

polytheistic, muhammad eventually took it over, resisted islam at first, muslims pray this way

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11
Q

Medina (Yathrib)

A

Muhammad moved there

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12
Q

Ka’aba

A
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13
Q

Abraham

A
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14
Q

Khadijah

A
  • the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a leader of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and a successful businesswoman
  • wife of muhammad
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15
Q

Dome of the Rock

A
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16
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A
  1. Shahada - Faith
  2. Salat - Prayer
  3. Hajj - pilgrimage
  4. Sawm - Fasting
  5. Zakat - almsgiving/charity
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17
Q

core belief in islam

A

“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”

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18
Q

prayer in Islam

A

Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark

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19
Q

pilgrimage in Islam

A

For those Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey to Makkah, the Hajj is a once in a lifetime duty that is the peak of their religious life.

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20
Q

“People of the Book”

A

Jews and Christians
supposed to be treated kindly and tolerated
in the early days they had to face higher taxes

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21
Q

“Rightly Guided Caliphs”

A

Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali

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22
Q

Rashudin Caliphate

A
  • the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
  • ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE.
23
Q

Abu Bakr

A

first caliph
invoked jihad

24
Q

Umar

A
25
Q

Uthman

A

when he died, civil war began

26
Q

Ali

A

last “rightly guided” caliph
murdered
end of caliphate and election of caliph

27
Q

Umayyad

A
28
Q

Mu’awiya I

A

rivaled Ali

29
Q

Damascus

A

cultural center of islamic learning, leading city till baghdad, Umayyad Capital city

30
Q

Abbasid

A
  • murdured Umayyad family
  • created string beurocracy
  • acess to trade routes, gold, info abt far flung empire
  • taxes
31
Q

Baghdad

A

capital for Abbasids

32
Q

Jihad

A
  • a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam
  • they spread Islam through conquering
33
Q

Shi’a

A
  • Ali’s followers
  • caliph had to be descended from Muhammad
  • resisted Umayyad rule
  • don’t recognize Summa authority and claim that the SUnni are misinterpretig passages of the Qu’ran
34
Q

Sunni

A
  • followers of Muhammad’s example (Sunna)
  • didn’t outwardly resist Umayyad rule
  • believe first four caliphs were “rightly guided”
35
Q

Sufi

A
  • rejected luxurious life of Umayyads
  • pursued a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path
36
Q

Fatimid

A
  • formed by Shi’a muslims
  • claimed descent from Muhammad’s daughter/sister?
37
Q

Cordoban

A

The Caliphate of Córdoba also known as the Cordoban Caliphate was an Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031.

38
Q

Al-Andalus

A

the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France,

39
Q

Prince Abd Al Rahman

A

created an Umayyad caliphate in Spain, survived murder by Abbasids

40
Q

Sakks

A
  • Banks offered letters of credit to merchants
  • checks
41
Q

House of Wisdom

A
  • library
  • university
  • ppl from all over the world came to offer and share knowledge
  • located in Baghdad
42
Q

Calligraphy

A
43
Q

Social Classes

A
  1. Muslims at birth
  2. converts to Islam
  3. “protected people”
  4. slaves
44
Q

Division in Caliphate

A
  • Shi’a muslims believed that only he and his descendants were the rightful authority to rule the Muslim community.
  • sunni muslims believe that Muhammad’s successor should be Abu Bakr
45
Q

Astronomy

A
46
Q

Astrolabe

A
47
Q

Al-Razi

A

greatest physician of the world civilizations between 500-1500

48
Q

Al-Khwarizmi

A

created Al-jabr

49
Q

Alhambra

A

one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic Islamic world,

50
Q

Maimonides

A

magnum opus is his codification of Jewish law, which he called Mishneh Torah, or “second to the Torah.”

51
Q

Ibn Rushd

A

criticized for trying the blend Aristotle and Plato’s views

52
Q

“Ideal Man”

A
53
Q

umma

A

Muslim religious community

WORLD HISTORY FINAL (32 decks)

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