Vocab Part 2

Question 1

logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case.

Answer 1

Deduction

Question 2

fallacy in which the speaker presents 2 extreme options as the only possible choices

Ex. You can either stop acting up or get a spanking.

Answer 2

either/or (false fallacy)

Question 3

mistaken belief- fault in argument

Ex. It’s going to rain today because my mom said so.

Answer 3

fallacy

Question 4

fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares 2 things that are not comparable

Ex. Medical Student: “No one objects to a physician looking up a difficult case in medical books. Why, then, shouldn’t students taking a difficult examination be permitted to use their textbooks?”

Answer 4

Faulty analogy

Question 5

evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it’s from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.

Ex. An observer on the sidewalk sees a wreck, and the police questions him or her. The observer has first hand experience

Answer 5

first-hand evidence

Question 6

A fallacy in which faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence

ex. A Mexican got the job by brother was fired from. Thus, all Mexicans are taking American’s job

Answer 6

Hasty generalization

Question 7

Latin term, “To lead into”; a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particular particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion

Answer 7

Induction

Question 8

potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. Arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it

Answer 8

Logical Fallacy`

Question 9

thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay

Answer 9

Open thesis

Question 10

fallacy that is Latin for “after which therefore because of which” meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier

Answer 10

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Question 11

uses words like usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute

Answer 11

qualifier

Question 12

quantitative evidence includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers

Answer 12

quantitative evidence

Question 13

rebuttal gives voice to possible objections

Answer 13

Rebuttal

Question 14

explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the the qualifier

Answer 14

Reservation

Question 15

based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating

Answer 15

Rogerian argument

Question 16

Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. Includes factual and historical info, expert opinions, and quantitative ideas.

Answer 16

second-hand evidence

Question 17

Fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicules and refute an idea

Ex. He is sick

Answer 17

Straw man

Question 18

logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion

Answer 18

Syllogism

Question 19

an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments

Answer 19

Toulmin model

Question 20

expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience

Answer 20

warrant