Vocab Quiz 2

Question 1

Fitna

Answer 1

Temptation, trial

Question 2

Caliph

Answer 2

Sunni rulers

Question 3

Karbala

Answer 3

Place in Iraq where Husayn was martyred; a shrine city for Shi’is

Question 4

Taqiyya

Answer 4

Keeping silent about one’s true views when they would endanger oneself or one’s community

Question 5

Mahdi

Answer 5

for Sunnis usually refers to a figure appointed by G-d a reformer or the one who will destroy evil at the end of time; for Shi’is the Twelfth Imam on his return

Question 6

‘ulama

Answer 6

scholars, experts in religious knowledge

Question 7

Khums

Answer 7

tax of 1/5 of one’s income paid by Shi’is to the descendants of the Prophet and to the ‘ulama as representatives of the twelfth Imam

Question 8

shari’a

Answer 8

the law or way of life laid out by G-d for human life

Question 9

Fiqh

Answer 9

viz. of the Shari’a; working out the details of commands and prohibitions through the sources

Question 10

‘ijma

Answer 10

“consensus”, the unanimous agreement of all the mutjahids of a given age on a point of law

Question 11

Qiyas

Answer 11

Analogy, for Sunnis the most acceptable form of reasoning in fiqh; not acceptable to Shi’is

Question 12

Wajib

Answer 12

Required or Obligatory

Question 13

Mandub

Answer 13

Recommended or Desirable

Question 14

Mubuh

Answer 14

Neutral or Permitted

Question 15

Makruh

Answer 15

Reprehensible

Question 16

Haram

Answer 16

Forbidden

Question 17

Halal

Answer 17

Permitted

Question 18

Maslaha

Answer 18

Welfare or benefit. In fiqh, the welfare or benefit of the community as ground for a judgment

Question 19

Darura

Answer 19

state of necessity on account of which one may omit doing something required by law or may do something illegal

Question 20

Fatwa

Answer 20

An advisory opinion by a qualified faqih stating whether an action is permitted or forbidden by the Shari’a

Question 21

Kalam

Answer 21

Theology

Question 22

Mutazilities

Answer 22

“Those who stand aloof” “The people of justice and tawhid”

Free will

Question 23

Asharites

Answer 23

Most prominent school of Sunni kalam, sought to demonstrate traditionalist theses by rational methods

Question 24

Kasb

Answer 24

“voluntary acquisition” Gd creates the act, the person “acquires” for it responsibility

Question 25

Tariqa

Answer 25

"Path" sufi practice. Sufi lineage or "order" looking back to a particular founder and with distinctive practices

Question 26

Maqam

Answer 26

"Station", the result of training and growth, a permanent achievement

Question 27

Dhikr

Answer 27

"remembering", Awareness of Gd; the rituals used by Sufis to achieve this awareness

Question 28

Shaykh

Answer 28

may refer to various sorts of leaders, such as tribal leader, a highly respected teacher, or a Sufi teacher and guide

Question 29

Murid

Answer 29

Follower or disciple of a Sufi shaykh

Question 30

Silsila

Answer 30

"Chain", among Sufis, the chain of teachers and disciples that links a given teacher back to the founder of the tariqa and thence to Muhammad