Vocab Quiz Set 2

Question 1

A species that is found in its originating location and is generally restricted to that geographic area

Answer 1

Endemic species

Question 2

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane

Answer 2

Endocytosis

Question 3

An organelle, containing folded membranes and sacs, responsible for the production, processing, and transportation of materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell

Answer 3

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

The branch of zoology studying the early development of living things

Answer 4

Embryology

Question 5

A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells that were formed from simpler prokaryotes

Answer 5

Endosymbiosis

Question 6

A model that illustrates the biomass productivity at multiple trophic levels in a given ecosystem

Answer 6

Energy pyramid

Question 7

A process in which energy changes from one form to another form which some of the energy is lost to the environment

Answer 7

Energy transformation

Question 8

The total surroundings of an organism or group of organisms

Answer 8

Environment

Question 9

A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst.

Answer 9

Enzyme

Question 10

A type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mototic nuclear division cycle

Answer 10

Eukaryote

Question 11

A process in which new species develop from pre-existing species

Answer 11

Evolution

Question 12

A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released

Answer 12

Exocytosis

Question 13

A term that typically described a species that no longer has any known living individuals

Answer 13

Extinction

Question 14

Located outside a cell

Answer 14

Extracellular

Question 15

A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier(transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy

Answer 15

Facilitated diffusion

Question 16

A simplified path illustrating the passing of potential chemical energy (food) from one organism to another organism.

Answer 16

Food chain

Question 17

A complex arrangement of interrelated food chains illustrating the flow of energy between interdependent organisms

Answer 17

Food web

Question 18

The science of tests and techniques used durning the investigations of crimes

Answer 18

Forensics

Question 19

The preserved remains or traces of organisms that once lived on earth

Answer 19

Fossils

Question 20

A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals from a larger population.

Answer 20

Founder effect

Question 21

The addition (insertion mutation) or removal (deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be.

Answer 21

Frame-shift mutation

Question 22

The temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid.

Answer 22

Freezing point

Question 23

A specialized cell (egg or sperm) used in sexual reproduction containing half the normal number of chromosomes of a
somatic cell.

Answer 23

Gamete

Question 24

A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait.

Answer 24

Gene

Question 25

The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA.

Answer 25

Gene expression

Question 26

A natural process in which a nucleic acid molecule is broken and then join to a different molecule; A result of crossing over

Answer 26

Gene recombination

Question 27

A type of gene recombination in which the DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques

Answer 27

Gene splicing

Question 28

The intentional insertion, alteration, or deletion of genes within individuals cells and tissues for the purpose of treating a disease

Answer 28

Gene therapy

Question 29

A change in the allele frequency of the population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection

Answer 29

Genetic drift

Question 30

A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of the cell resulting in the desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally

Answer 30

Genetic engineering

Question 31

An organism whose genetic material has been altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique.

Answer 31

GMO

Question 32

The study of inheritance

Answer 32

Genetics

Question 33

The genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or t e entire complement of traits of an organism.

Answer 33

Genotype

Question 34

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for release by the cell.

Answer 34

Golgi apparatus

Question 35

A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations

Answer 35

Gradualism

Question 36

An area that provides an organism with its basic needs for survival

Answer 36

Habitat

Question 37

The regulatory process in which an organism regulates it's internal environment

Answer 37

Homeostasis

Question 38

A regulatory mechanisms that contributes to maintaining a state of equilibrium

Answer 38

Homeostatic mechanism

Question 39

A physical characteristic in different organisms that is similar because it was inherited from a common ancestor

Answer 39

Homologous structure

Question 40

A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon

Answer 40

Hypothesis

Question 41

Not permitting passage of a substance or substances

Answer 41

Impermeable

Question 42

A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.

Answer 42

Incomplete dominance

Question 43

The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring.

Answer 43

Inheritance

Question 44

The longest lasting phase of the cell cycle in which a cell performs the majority of its functions, such as preparing for nuclear division and cytokinesis.

Answer 44

Interphase

Question 45

Located inside a cell

Answer 45

Intracellular