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Biology 1610 > Vocab Test 3 > Flashcards

Vocab Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is kenetacore microtubules

A

The small arms attached to the centromere and the spindle

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2
Q

The primary structural components of the cell membrane are?

A

Phosopholipids and proteins

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3
Q

The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide(N2O) into a cell is an example of which type of movement?

A

Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer

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4
Q

Which of the following would not simply diffuse through the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane?

A

An amino acid

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5
Q

Which of the statements about diffusion is correct?

A

It is a passive process in which molecules move from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

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6
Q

Mammalian blood cells contain the equivalent of .15M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of .45M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

A

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse

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7
Q

The Na+/K+ pump moves_____out of the cell and ______inside the cell. This is movement is _______

A

3 Na+, 2 K+, powered by the hydrolysis of ATP

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8
Q

Eicosanoids are small,hydrophobic signaling molecules. Type of receptor would an eicosanoid most likely bind with?

A

Intracellular receptors

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9
Q

Which of the following signaling molecules would not be able to be used in direct signaling

A

Small sugars

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10
Q

Which of the following steps of the signaling pathway includes the use of second messangers

A

Transduction

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11
Q

If a cell has too little of response to signal what can it do to increase its response

A

Increase the number of receptors for that signal

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12
Q

What is the last step of a cell signaling cascade

A

Termination

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13
Q

At puberty an adolescent female body changes in both structure and function of several organ systems, primarily under the influence of changing concentrations of estrogens and other steroid hormones. How can one hormone, such as estrogen, meditate so many effects

A

Estrogen binds to specific receptors inside many kinds of cells, each of which has different responses to its binding

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14
Q

You wake up in the morning and your hair is very messy, this is an example of

A

The second law of thermodynamics

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15
Q

Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions

A

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

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16
Q

A chemical reaction that has a positive triangleG is best described as

A

Endergonic

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17
Q

Which is the family that humans belong to

A

Hominidae

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18
Q

For the linnaean classification system (binomial nomenclature) which of the following groups includes the most living things

A

Domain

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19
Q

A controlled experiment is one in which

A

There are at least two groups one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

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20
Q

You are on the top of a very high mountain and observe a thing that is highly ordered affects the health of many of the local animals and is made of very made from a very complex protein coat surrounding DNA. what do you taxonomically classify this thing as

A

Not living

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21
Q

Which of the following is not one of Darwin’s essential observations for evolution by natural selection

A

Individuals must be able to pass on traits they have acquired during their lifetimes

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22
Q

What is the last step in the scientific method

A

Modify using what you learned and start the process over again

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23
Q

Which of the following is true of enzymes

A

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers

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24
Q

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction

A

10 G3P -> Ru BP

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25
Magnesium ions are essential for enzymes involved in DNA replication replication how is mg 2 + being used by these enzymes
Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity
26
Complexes 1 through 5 of the electron transport chain are associated with what membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
27
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria
O2
28
Why would a cell capable of aerobic respiration undergo fermentation
The cell does not have enough O2 for its metabolic demands and also may not have mitochondria
29
When a molecule of FAD gains two hydrogen atoms than FAD molecule has become
Reduced
30
Which enzyme complex allows chemiosmosis to donate the energy to pay for oxidative phosphorylation
Complex 5
31
Which of the following chemicals should not be used for producing energy for aerobic respiration because its catabolism create a toxic substance
Proteins
32
What is the net amount of ATP that can be made by any process if a cell is starting with one pyruvate
15
33
Which of the following indicates a primary path by which electrons travel downhill energetically during aerobic respiration
Glucose ---NADH -----electron transport chain----- oxygen
34
Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP that is directly formed by the reactions of glycolysis
100%
35
In glycolysis for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
Two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced
36
How many carbon atoms are given to the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation one molecule of pyruvate
2
37
Which of the following produces the most CO2
Citric acid cycle
38
In the complete reactions of aerobic respiration the energy for the majority of ATP synthesis is provided by
A proton gradient across a membrane
39
What is the most abundant enzyme in our biosphere
Rubisco
40
What are the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis
ATP and NADPH
41
Which wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest energy
200 nm
42
Where do plants get the ATP necessary to build a large lipid from 10 G3P molecules
From the mitochondria
43
Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning
A polar bear has claws a grizzly bear has claws a brown bear has claws there for all bears must have claws
44
Living things are divided into three different domains which of these domains are not classified as prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea
45
All of living organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known as
A biological community
46
The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
Light energy
47
Which of the following is not a characteristic of all cells
Lysosomes
48
You have two beakers one contains pure water the other contains pure methanol the covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar so there are no hydrogen bonds among the methanol molecules you pour crystals of table salt into each Beaker predict what will happen
NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol
49
About 20 through 25% of 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life which four of these elements make up approximately 96% of living matter
Carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen
50
A dietary calorie equals 1 kilocalorie which of the following statements correctly to find one kilocalorie
1000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature one kg of Water by 1 cm
51
Sulfur is in the same column of the Periodic Table of oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon compared to water molecules molecules of H2S will
Not form hydrogen bonds with each other
52
The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule what is this attraction called
A hydrogen bond
53
Which of the following are the strongest molecular interactions
Double covalent bonds
54
The most stable interaction between magnesium and chlorine forms
MgCl2 in which atoms are joined by ionic bonds
55
If two neutrons in c14 radioactively Decay what will be the resulting atom
An isotope of oxygen
56
Which type of reaction would be used to build a protein from amino acids
Dehydration
57
Which of the following is not a carbohydrate
Carotenoid
58
Which of the following describes a hydrolysis reaction
Amylose broken down into alpha glucose monomers
59
When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond how many electron pairs are shared between
2
60
Which of the following are hydrophilic
Organic molecules with hydroxyl groups
61
Comparison of samples from the liver of an alcoholic with samples of from a liver of non-drinker when examined by transmission electron microscopy wouldn't reveal that
The liver of the alcoholic has a lot more smooth ER compared to the liver of a non-drinkers liver
62
The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of a plant cell is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells the most reasonable explanation for this observation is that
Plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm
63
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules
Proteins
64
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which cell structure
Gap Junctions
65
You separate an organelle from a cell and find that it has two membranes cellular DNA inside of it can make a lot of ATP what is this organelle
Mitochondria
66
Hydraulic enzymes must be separated from the rest of the cell to prevent General destruction of the cellular components. In animal cells which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
67
Which animal cell organelles makes specfic fats and contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen
Peroxisome
68
Cam plants keep stomata closed in daytime thus reducing loss of water they can do this because they
Fix CO2 into organic acids during the night when the temperatures are cooler
69
What is produced if a cell completes mitosis but does not undergo cytokinesis
One cell with two nuclei each identical to the nucleus of the parent cell
70
Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis the nuclei of a cell produced by mitosis will have
Twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis
71
In which phase of mitosis would karyotyping occur
Metaphase
72
If a healthy animal cell had a diploid number of 100 how many single chromosomes would be present in G2
0
73
Which of the following types of cells would be produced by meiosis
A haploid animal cell
74
In humans during the formation of sperm how many tetrads will be lined up during metaphase 1 of meiosis
23
75
During which phase of the cell cycle would sister chromatids separate
anaphase and anaphase 2
76
If you have a diploid cell whose haploid number is 50 how many sister chromatids will be present at the end of G2
200
77
Umpa's can have red blue or purple hair purple hair is the incomplete dominance condition Orville oompah has purple hair and is married to opal in for who brags that she has the bluest hair in the valley what is the probability that their children will have blue hair too
50%
78
Daffodils are either yellow or white tall or short yellow and Tall or dominant dorlene is a yellow call daffodil she mates with Dimitri who is short and white one fourth of their kids are yellow and Tall 1/4 are yellow and short 1/4 are white and Tall 1/4 or white in short what is doreen's genotype
YyTt
79
When Crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with heterozygous what is the chance of producing an offspring that is homozygous recessive phenotype
50%
80
In peas purple flowers are dominant to white flowers with heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous purple flowered plant what is the probability that The Offspring will have white flowers
0
81
What is the probability of a person having three babies two girls and a boy assume no possibility of multiple births
3/8
82
You have two genes that are linked and do you know this because you do the cross and calculate the frequency of recombination between these two genes is 17% how many map units separate these to
17 mu
83
If you cross a true-breeding black mouse and a true breed White Mouse all the F1 generation are gray what is this an example of
Incomplete dominance
84
Hydrangea plants of the same Jane genotype are planted in a large flower garden some of the plants produce blue flowers others produce pink flowers this can be explained by which of the following statements
Environmental factors such as soil pH affect phenotype
85
Linkage violates which of Mendel's Principles
Principle of independent assortment
86
Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs pancreas digestive system and other organs resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections which of the following terms best describes this expression of phenotypes
Pleiotropy
87
If a person has Type O blood what could his or her parents genotypes be
All of them except Ia Ib
88
Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son what are the genotypes of the parents
XNXn and XNY
89
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious condition the patients have muscles that weaken over time because they have absent or decreased dystrophic in a muscle protein if a man without muscular dystrophy has children with a woman that is a carrier for muscular dystrophy what is the probability that their girls will be carriers
50%
90
Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because
Males are hemizygous for the X chromosome
91
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur
S
92
During the phase of the cell cycle can transcription usually not occur
M
93
Which scientist used radioactive sulfur and phosphorus to show that the genetic material of T2 bacteriophages was DNA
Hershey and chase
94
And his transformation experiments what did Griffith observe
Mixing a heat killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living non-pathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form
95
Which enzyme catalyzed the elongation of DNA strand in the 5'--->3' direction
DNA polymerase
96
What is the function of a topoisomerase/gyrase
Relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork by unwinding the DNA helix
97
In which order do the necessary enzymes of nucleotide excision repair at to repair damaged to the DNA
Nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
98
The leading and the lagging strands of DNA formed during DNA replication differ in that
The leading strand is synthesized in the opposite direction

Biology 1610 (1 decks)

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