Vocab Unit 2

Question 1

An American printer, inventor, statesman, and revolutionary; author of Poor Richard’s Almanack; later became a leading revolutionary and signatory of the Declaration of Independence; during the Revolutionary War, he served as commissioner to France, securing that nation’s support to the American cause.

Answer 1

Benjamin Franklin

Question 2

A theory that claimed that every member of Parliament represented all British subjects, even those Americans who had never voted for a member of the London Parliament.

Answer 2

Virtual Representation

Question 3

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775 that directly pushed America toward independence.

Answer 3

Common Sense

Question 4

It was adopted during the French Revolution; modeled after the American Declaration of Independence

Answer 4

The Declaration of the Rights of Man

Question 5

He defended the soldiers in the Boston Massacre. Patriot of the American Revolution and second president of the U.S. from 1796-1800; swayed his countrymen to take revolutionary action against England.

Answer 5

John Adams

Question 6

It forced colonists to house and supply British forces. It created great resentment & directly led to the 3rd amendment in the Bill of Rights.

Answer 6

The Quartering Act

Question 7

A 1763 conflict between native peoples and the British over settlement of land in the Great Lakes area which caused the Proclamation of 1763.

Answer 7

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Question 8

British monarch during the run-up to the American Revolution; he contributed to the imperial crisis with his dogged insistence on asserting Britain’s power over her colonial possessions.

Answer 8

George III

Question 9

A plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies during the French & Indian war, suggested by Benjamin Franklin.

Answer 9

Albany Plan of Union

Question 10

A letter-writing network that Sam Adams started in Boston in 1772; used to spread propaganda and secret information in order to sustain opposition to British policy; critical to building a revolutionary spirit and many members were later part of the Continental Congress.

Answer 10

The Committees of Correspondence

Question 11

A period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce the Navigation Act tax laws.

Answer 11

Salutary Neglect

Question 12

A 1765 law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. Colonists hated it.

Answer 12

Stamp Act

Question 13

“King of the Smugglers;” important in persuading the colonies to declare their independence from England; ringleader in storing gunpowder which resulted in the battles of Lexington and Concord.

Answer 13

John Hancock

Question 14

Last major battle of the Revolution.

Answer 14

Yorktown

Question 15

A series of tax laws in 1767 on imports such as glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. They directly led to more soldiers in Port Cities such as Boston.

Answer 15

Townshend Acts

Question 16

A series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. Also called the Intolerable acts.

Answer 16

The Coercive Acts

Question 17

The turning point battle of the Revolution. After this, France decided to help.

Answer 17

Saratoga

Question 18

Representatives from each colony (except Georgia) met in Philadelphia after the intolerable acts to discuss problems w/ Britain. Agreed to send the declaration of rights and grievances to king George and the parliament.

Answer 18

Continental Congress

Question 19

Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He became the first president of the U.S.

Answer 19

George Washington

Question 20

Site of the “shot heard around the world”. The 1st battle of the Revolutionary War.

Answer 20

Lexington & Concord

Question 21

First Chief Justice of the U.S.; helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris with Britain; helped Hamilton and Madison write “The Federalist Papers”.

Answer 21

John Jay

Question 22

An organization established in 1765, these members (usually in the middle or upper class) resisted the Stamp Act of 1765.

Answer 22

Sons of Liberty

Question 23

This act stated that Parliament had the right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever;” stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps; restarted trade with England.

Answer 23

Declaratory Act

Question 24

Member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and the third president of the USA; responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.

Answer 24

Thomas Jefferson

Question 25

The wife of President John Adams, had her own opinions about the course of the American Revolution and urged her husband to take the needs and rights of women into consideration in the construction of the new government.

Answer 25

Abigail Adams

Question 26

A 1755 conciliatory measure adopted by the Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking an end to hostilities; King George rejected the petition and proclaimed the colonies in rebellion.

Answer 26

The Olive Branch Petition

Question 27

It gave America all of Ohio after General Wayne battled and defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It allowed Americans to explore the area with peace of mind that the land belonged to America and added size and very fertile land to America.

Answer 27

1795 Treaty of Greenville

Question 28

A Political party led by Hamilton and favored the northeast, manufacturing, and a strong federal government.

Answer 28

Federalist Party

Question 29

It was the first "constitution" governing the U.S. after the revolution. It was ratified in 1781 and provided for a "firm league of friendship." Congress had no power to regulate commerce or forcibly collect taxes and there was no national executive or judicial branch. Despite its weaknesses, it was an important stepping-stone towards the present Constitution.

Answer 29

The Articles of Confederation

Question 30

Nicknamed "the Father of the Constitution,” he helped to convince the public to ratify it. He later wrote the Bill of Rights and became the 5th president of the U.S.

Answer 30

James Madison

Question 31

This treaty was signed under Washington’s 2nd term. It finally closed English bases on the frontier and led to intense anger from the Democratic-Republicans,

Answer 31

Jay's Treaty

Question 32

A series of laws passed under the Adams administration during the Quasi-War in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government.

Answer 32

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 33

It was a treaty that ended France's peacetime military alliance with America and the Quasi-war. Napoleon was eager to sign this treaty so he could focus his attention on conquering Europe.

Answer 33

The Convention of 1800

Question 34

People who disagreed with the Constitution because they believed people’s rights were being taken away without a Bill of Rights. They were against dropping annual elections, a standing army, and the strengthening of the federal government.

Answer 34

Anti-federalists

Question 35

It is a body of executive department heads that serve as the chief advisors to the president. It was formed during the first years of Washington's presidency. The original members included the Sec. of State (Jefferson), of the Treasury (Hamilton) and of War (Knox).

Answer 35

The Cabinet

Question 36

The document that serves as the foundation of our country's national government. It was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified two years later. It establishes a government with direct authority over all citizens, defines the powers of the national government, and establishes protection for the rights of states and of every individual.

Answer 36

The Constitution

Question 37

Known as the "Father of the National Debt.” Became Secretary of the Treasury under Washington, famous for his financial plan of funding the debt at face value, assuming the state debts, taxing whiskey, and creating a National Bank. He helped found the Federalist party.

Answer 37

Alexander Hamilton

Question 38

French officials attempted to get a bribe and loans from 3 US diplomats. It led to an undeclared naval conflict called, “The Quasi War.”

Answer 38

XYZ Affair

Question 39

A 1794, Rebellion in Pennsylvania against Hamilton’s Excise tax. It demonstrated that the new Constitution could stand up to “Mobocracy.”

Answer 39

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 40

Part of Hamilton's economic theory that stated the federal government would assume all the states' debts for the American Revolution. This angered states who had already paid off their debts.

Answer 40

Assumption

Question 41

America’s 2nd Political Party. Led by Jefferson, it favored farmers over business interests & a weak federal government.

Answer 41

Democratic-Republicans

Question 42

It gave America what they demanded from the Spanish, namely free navigation of the Mississippi (AKA “the right of deposit”), and a large area of north Florida.

Answer 42

Pinkney's Treaty

Question 43

A tax on manufactured items. It helped Hamilton prove his theory on a strong central government was right because it sparked the Whiskey Rebellion, the squelching of which showed the new government’s power.

Answer 43

Excise Tax

Question 44

It was a measure enacted by the Virginia legislature prohibiting state support for religious institutions and recognizing freedom of worship. It served as a model for the First Amendment to the Constitution.

Answer 44

The Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom

Question 45

It determined slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person when they were counting the population. The southern states wanted them counted as one whole person for more representatives in the House of Representatives. The northern states did not want them counted at all, and 3/5 was the number negotiated.

Answer 45

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 46

The first 10 amendments to the constitution.

Answer 46

Bill of Rights

Question 47

It answered the question, “How will new states be made?” It said that sections of land were similar to colonies for a while, and under the control of the Federal Government. Once a territory was inhabited by 60,000 people, then Congress would review its constitution and admit it as a state.

Answer 47

The Northwest Ordinance

Question 48

It was chartered by Congress as part of Alexander Hamilton’s financial program; it printed paper money and served as a depository for Treasury funds while drawing opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans, who argued that it was unconstitutional.

Answer 48

The Bank of the US

Question 49

Theory that the 13 states, by creating the federal government, had entered into a contract regarding the jurisdiction of the federal government. The national government, being created by the states, was the agent of the states. This meant that the individual states were the final judges of the national government's actions. Therefore, states could reject or nullify federal laws they disliked.

Answer 49

Compact Theory

Question 50

The fear that the nation would be ruled by a mob. It motivates conservative groups to support rule and order and strengthen the government.

Answer 50

Mobocracy

Question 51

A statement made by Jefferson & Madison which said the Alien and Seditions act were unconstitutional & that the states decided constitutionality of Federal laws.

Answer 51

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Question 52

A series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay supporting the ratification of the Constitution.

Answer 52

Federalist Papers

Question 53

It organized the Supreme Court, originally with five justices and a chief justice, along with several federal district and circuit courts; also created the Attorney General's office.

Answer 53

The Judiciary Act of 1789

Question 54

A rebellion of angry revolutionary war veterans due to unfair taxation that directly caused the constitutional convention.

Answer 54

Shay's Rebellion

Question 55

It was the 1st time political power changed hands after an election between the two parties.

Answer 55

Revolution of 1800

Question 56

It stated that the disputed land of the Old Northwest (today’s Midwest) was to be equally divided into townships and sold for federal income. It also promoted education and ended legal disagreements over land.

Answer 56

The Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 57

It was a speech by Washington where he warned to “beware of foreign entanglements and political parties…”

Answer 57

Washington's Farewell Address