Vocab Unit 7.1

Question 1

William H. Seward

Answer 1

Secretary of state under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson. Stopped GB and France from going to war

Question 2

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 2

Warned European powers against interfering in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Question 3

Seward’s Folly

Answer 3

1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by Secretary of State William Seward

Question 4

Queen Liluokalani

Answer 4

Peacefully resisted the US-backed overthrow of the monarchy and her advocacy for Hawaiian sovereignty

Question 5

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Answer 5

Argued that the United States should seek new markets abroad

Question 6

“white man’s burden”

Answer 6

White, Western nations had a moral duty to civilize and govern non-white, “less developed”

Question 7

Pan-American Conference

Answer 7

Create a customs union for nations in the Americas aimed at improving economic relations

Question 8

Jingoism

Answer 8

Extreme, often fanatical, patriotism that can manifest as a belief in one’s country’s superiority

Question 9

“yellow journalism”

Answer 9

News reporting characterized by sensationalism, exaggeration, and often biased narratives (propaganda)

Question 10

De Lome Letter

Answer 10

Private letter written by Spanish Ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lôme criticizing US President William McKinley (further fueled anti-spanish beliefs)

Question 11

USS Maine

Answer 11

United States Navy battleship that exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, a pivotal event that fueled public opinion and led to the Spanish-American War.

Question 12

Teller Amendment

Answer 12

Stated that the United States would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War, instead supporting Cuban independence

Question 13

Platt Amendment

Answer 13

Treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention

Question 14

Treaty of Paris, 1898

Answer 14

Ended the Spanish-American War, with Spain ceding Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States, and the U.S. purchasing the Philippines for $20 million

Question 15

Emilio Aguinaldo

Answer 15

Filipino leader and politician who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the independence of the Philippines

Question 16

Insular Cases

Answer 16

After the US acquired territory from Spain the Supreme Court ruled that full constitutional rights did not automatically extend to these territories, leading to the concept of “unincorporated territories”.

Question 17

Spheres of influence

Answer 17

European powers has significant influence over political, economic, or cultural affairs, often without direct territorial control in China

Question 18

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 18

Anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China, fueled by nationalist sentiments and opposition to foreign influence, particularly from Western nations and Japan.

Question 19

TR’s “Big Stick” policy

Answer 19

Foreign policy approach emphasizing negotiation backed by the threat of military force, aimed to establish American dominance in the Western Hemisphere and beyond

Question 20

Panama Canal

Answer 20

Artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, facilitating trade and strategic military movements for US especially

Question 21

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 21

Asserted that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and order

Question 22

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 22

Conflict between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan, primarily over control of Manchuria and Korea, resulting in a Japanese victory and significant shifts in the balance of power in East Asia

Question 23

“Gentlemen’s Agreement”

Answer 23

Restricted Japanese immigration to the US while addressing anti-Japanese sentiment and school segregation in San Francisco, ultimately easing tensions between the two nations

Question 24

Great White Fleet

Answer 24

Demonstrating American naval power and establishing the US as a global force, all while promoting international goodwill

Question 25

International Peace Conference

Answer 25

Diplomatic meeting where representatives of states or warring parties gather to negotiate and sign a peace treaty after WWI

Question 26

William Howard Taft

Answer 26

Progressive reforms, trust-busting, and his foreign policy of "Dollar Diplomacy" which aimed to expand American influence through economic means

Question 27

"Dollar Diplomacy"

Answer 27

Exerting financial power as a form of imperialism instead of military power in foreign nations

Question 28

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 28

Leading the nation during WWI and advocating for a new world order based on democracy and self-determination, including his "Fourteen Points"

Question 29

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 29

Lawyer, orator, and politician, known for his passionate advocacy of populist ideals (anti-trusts)

Question 30

Jones Act

Answer 30

Law requiring that cargo transported by sea between US ports must be carried on American-built, owned, and crewed ships to support the US merchant marine.

Question 31

Pancho Villa

Answer 31

Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Díaz and Victoriano Huerta.

Question 32

Lusitania Crisis

Answer 32

Sinking of the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania by a German U-boat. Strained relations between Germany and the neutral United States, contributing to the eventual US entry into World War I.

Question 33

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 33

Naval strategy used primarily by Germany during World War I, involved submarines attacking merchant ships without warning, disregarding international laws and the safety of civilians

Question 34

Zimmermann Telegram

Answer 34

Secret coded message from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador in Mexico, proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I, in exchange for Mexico regaining lost territory.

Question 35

Bolsheviks

Answer 35

Radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia during the October Revolution

Question 36

American Expeditionary Force

Answer 36

The US armed forces sent to Europe during World War I, primarily to fight alongside Allied troops in France

Question 37

14 points

Answer 37

Outlined a vision for a just and lasting peace after World War I, emphasizing principles like open diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination, ultimately leading to the establishment of the League of Nations. - Woodrow Wilson

Question 38

Big 4

Answer 38

Woodrow Wilson- USA David Lloyd George- UK George Clemenceau- France Vittorio Orlando- Italy

Question 39

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 39

Peace agreement that officially ended World War I, imposing harsh terms on Germany including territorial losses, disarmament, and hefty reparations.

Question 40

Self-determination

Answer 40

People should have the right to choose their own government and live within their own borders

Question 41

League of Nations

Answer 41

First intergovernmental organization established after World War I, aiming to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars through diplomacy and collective security.

Question 42

Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 42

Disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Question 43

Mobilization

Answer 43

Process of assembling and preparing military troops and supplies for war, including the mobilization of manpower, industries, and resources to support the war effort.

Question 44

Food administration

Answer 44

Federal agency led by Herbert Hoover, tasked with ensuring food supplies for the war effort and rationing food for civilians through voluntary measures and educational campaigns.

Question 45

Railroad Administration

Answer 45

USs government nationalized the railroad system, establishing the United States Railroad Administration to address wartime transportation needs and streamline operations

Question 46

National War labor board

Answer 46

U.S. government agency, active during World War II (1942-1945), that mediated and arbitrated labor disputes to ensure industrial production for the war effort.

Question 47

Liberty Bonds

Answer 47

War bond that was sold in the United States to support the Allied cause in World War I.

Question 48

Committee on Public Information

Answer 48

U.S. government agency established in 1917 to influence public opinion in support of World War I through propaganda and public relations efforts.

Question 49

Espionage Act

Answer 49

Designed to prevent interference with military operations or support for U.S. enemies by criminalizing the unauthorized disclosure of national defense information and espionage activities.

Question 50

Sedition Act

Answer 50

Criminalized "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government, effectively limiting freedom of speech and press, and was used to suppress criticism of the Federalist administration.

Question 51

Schenck vs US

Answer 51

Supreme Court established that the First Amendment's protection of free speech isn't absolute, particularly when speech poses a "clear and present danger" to national security

Question 52

Selective Service

Answer 52

Independent US government agency responsible for maintaining a database of registered men, potentially subject to military conscription (draft), and preparing for a draft in case of a national emergency.