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lat glossary > VOCAB WORDS > Flashcards

VOCAB WORDS Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from the midline of body, or away from the axis of and extremity.

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2
Q

Abomasum

A

4th stomach compartment of a ruminant animal. Only compartment that secretes digestive enzymes- true stomach

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3
Q

Abscess

A

localized collection of pus, accompanied by swelling- develop in any part of the body

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4
Q

Accessory sex gland

A

gland associated with the urogenital tract

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5
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Naturally occurring substance in body that is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses

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6
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Immunity acquired through exposure to antigen, which results in activation of immune cells and the formation of antibodies to this antigen. Also called active immunity.

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7
Q

Acid

A

Chemical or solution with pH below 7

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8
Q

Activity cage

A

specialized animal unit or cage that allows an animal to exercise freely while its activity is being recorded or measured.

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9
Q

Acute Disease

A

rapid onset and short duration

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10
Q

Acute toxicity test

A

test animal receives single dose of test substance

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11
Q

Adduction

A

movement of bone toward the midline or toward axis

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A

tissue made of cells that store fatty substances, such as lipids and fatty acids. Used as a source of energy for body. Also called fatty tissue.

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13
Q

Adjuvant

A

A substance that enhances the potency of another substance. In immunology, it is a substance that enhances the immune response to antigens.

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14
Q

Adrenaline

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. Causes rapid increase in blood pressure, metabolic rate, and blood glucose concentration. Also called Epinephrine.

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15
Q

Adrenergic

A

A drug, or other substance that has the effect of adrenaline

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16
Q

Adventitious

A

Accidental or acquired, not natural or hereditary

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17
Q

Aerosol

A

suspension, fine mist or spray which contains minute particles. Ex: pollen, medications, or pathogens

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18
Q

Agar

A

polymer made up of subunits of the sugar galactose that becomes gelatinous when dissolved in hot water and cooled. Used as medium for culturing microorganisms

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19
Q

Agonist

A

a drug capable of stimulating physiologic activity

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20
Q

Agouti

A

an animal color pattern in which the hairs are dark brown with yellow bands close to the tips, giving the animal a light brown appearance.

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21
Q

Agranulocyte

A

A white blood cell that contains a multilobed nucleus and is distinguished by its lack of cytoplasmic granules (Ex: leukocytes and monocytes)

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22
Q

Air exchange

A

the # of times per hour the ventilation system replaces the entire volume of air in the room

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23
Q

Alimentary canal

A

long tube extending from the mouth to the anus; includes organs such as stomach and intestines. Also called gastrointestinal tract.

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24
Q

Allele

A

one member of a pair of genes that occupies a specific site on a given chromosome. Alternate form of a gene

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25
Q

Altricial

A

developmental state in which animals are born blind, hairless, and helpless. Most rodents are altricial at birth

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26
Q

Alveolus

A

plural alveoli- microscopic air sac in lungs where the exchange of respiratory gases occurs through a network of finely divided blood capillaries

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27
Q

Ambulation

A

The physical act of walking

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28
Q

Amino Acid

A

basic chemical building block of which proteins are made

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29
Q

Amorphous

A

having no shape or organization

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30
Q

Amplexus

A

the mating position of some frogs and toads, which the male clasps the female about the back and fertilizes her eggs as they are released

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31
Q

Androgen

A

Testosterone or any of the related male sex hormones

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32
Q

Anemia

A

blood disorder in which the number or size of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin per volume of blood is below normal.

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33
Q

Anemometer

A

instrument that measures air flow; used for balancing ventilation

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34
Q

Anestrus

A

period of time between breeding seasons in some animal species; especially cats and dogs

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35
Q

Animal Model

A

an animal whose structural or functional similarity to humans or other animals makes it useful in the study of human or animal diseases

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36
Q

Animal Welfare Regulations (AWR)

A

federal regulations that specify how the Animal Welfare Act should be followed. Enforced by the USDA

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37
Q

Anogenital Distance

A

distance between the anus and genital papilla of most animals; typically greater in males than females. Used for sexing animals

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38
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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39
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that counteracts or opposes the action of another drug or blocks physiological activity.

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40
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front of the body; generally used in reference to bipeds

41
Q

Anthelmintic

A

type of drug that eliminates a wide variety of parasitic worms

42
Q

Anthropoid

A

primate that appears humanlike; includes apes and monkeys

43
Q

Antibiotic

A

type of drug that kills or prevents the reproduction of bacteria on or in the body

44
Q

Antibody Titer

A

test that measures the presence or amount of antibody in blood

45
Q

Anticholinergic

A

substance used in pre-anesthetics that inhibits the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and causing muscle relaxation and reduction in secretions such as mucus or saliva. (ex: atropine)

46
Q

Anticoagulant

A

substance such as EDTA, sodium citrate, or heparin that is added to blood samples to prevent clotting, thus allowing the blood to be separated into its liquid and cellular components.

47
Q

Antidote

A

agent used to neutralize or counteract the effects of poison

48
Q

Antifungal

A

substance that kills fungus or limits their growth

49
Q

Antigen

A

microorganism or other foreign substance or protein, such as bee venom or dander, that prompts the body to develop immune response

50
Q

Antiparasitic

A

type of drug that kills parasites living in or on the host animal

51
Q

Antiprotozoal

A

type of drug that kills protozoan parasites living in or on a host animal

52
Q

Antiseptic

A

substance that kills some microorganisms or inhibits their growth. Not a sterilant, but can safely be used on skin and mucous membranes

53
Q

Aorta

A

plural- aortas, aortae- large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed through the body by branch arteries.

54
Q

Aortic Valve

A

membrane located between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle of heart

55
Q

Appendicular

A

pertaining to the limbs of the body

56
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones attached to the axial skeleton that make up the limbs of an animal

57
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

mixture of gas, liquid, or solid dissolved in water

58
Q

Arrhythmia

A

abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart that causes an irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat

59
Q

Artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to various parts of the body

60
Q

Artificial Insemination

A

manually placing semen into the reproductive tract of female

61
Q

Ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

62
Q

Asepsis

A

condition in which disease-producing microorganisms are absent; state of sterility

63
Q

Aseptic

A

free of pathogenic microorganisms

64
Q

Aseptic Surgery

A

surgical technique in which the surgical wound is protected from contamination with infectious organisms. Also called surgical asepsis

65
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

art of preventing contamination of a disinfected or sterile field

66
Q

Aspiration

A

withdrawal of fluid or other substances through a hypodermic needle

67
Q

Asymptomatic

A

exhibiting no symptoms

68
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

condition is which fatty deposits of yellowish plaque line the arteries can cause vascular disease, leading to arterial obstruction

69
Q

Athymic animal

A

animal lacking a thymus, which causes genetic T-cell deficiency

70
Q

Atlas

A

first cervical vertebrae of the spinal column, which have the axis, allows movement between skull and body

71
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charge nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons

72
Q

Atrium (plural-atria or atriums)

A

upper heart chamber which receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle

73
Q

Auricular artery

A

artery of ear, which is most common blood collection site on rabbit. Also called central ear artery

74
Q

Autoclave

A

machine with closed chamber in which items are sterilized under high pressure by timed exposure to superheated steam. Also called steam autoclave

75
Q

Autoclave Tape

A

chemically treated adhesive tape used to indicate the effectiveness of autoclave cycle. Tape changes color after exposure to hot steam. Also called sensor tape

76
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary functions the viscera and other organs

77
Q

Autoradiography

A

technique used to determine the tissue localization of radioactive substance

78
Q

Axenic

A

refers to animals that are completely free of all detectable microorganisms and parasites, also called germfree

79
Q

Axial

A

situated around or along the axis

80
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

the bones that make up the central vertebra of the spinal column, including the skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

81
Q

Axis

A

the 2nd cervical vertebra of the spinal column which, along the atlas, allows movement between the skull and the body

82
Q

Axon

A

a long extension of a single nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the body of the nerve cell and towards other excitable cells

83
Q

Backcrossing

A

to cross a hybrid with one of its parents or with an individual genetically identical to one of its parents

84
Q

Bacteremia

A

disease state where bacteria are present in the bloodstream

85
Q

Bacteriology

A

study of bacteria

86
Q

Bacterium- plural bacteria

A

unicellular microorganism that usually multiplies by cell division. It has a cell wall and various organelles for metabolism and reproduction. In medicine, relevant bacteria are free-living, commensal organisms or pathogens. Visible when stained and viewed with light microscopy.

87
Q

Barbering

A

a usually harmless behavior in which the animal under stress chews the fur off its cagemates , usually happens in the facial region. Common in mice

88
Q

Barbituate

A

type of drug that depresses the nervous system providing a sedative-hypnotic effect. Overdose used for euthanasia

89
Q

Barrier

A

system of engineering, equipment, and practices either to keep microbes within an area or to prevent pathogens from leaving the facility

90
Q

Barrier Facility

A

a facility that is designed for bioexclusion to prevent entry to microorganisms and to prevent pathogens from leaving the facility

91
Q

Barrier-reared animal

A

animal raised in controlled microbial barrier, which prevents the entrance of pathogenic organisms

92
Q

Barrow

A

castrated male pig

93
Q

Base

A

chemical or solution with pH above 7. Chemicals with a very high pH can cause chemical burns and should be handled cautiously. A basic solution is referred to as alkaline. Also a unit of DNA and RNA, so named because these units are chemical bases.

94
Q

Base Pair

A

a bound pair of nucleotides- adenine to thymine, cytosine to guanine

95
Q

Basophil

A

granular leukocyte (white blood cell) characterized by a nucleus having two or more lobes and dark purple-staining cytoplasmic granules

96
Q

Bile

A

greenish fluid secreted from the liver that aids in the metabolism of fats

97
Q

Bias

A

error of statistical analysis, where the expected value differs from the underlying quantitative parameter being estimated

98
Q
A

lat glossary (1 decks)

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