Vocab words in Ch. 1

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

study of matter, its properties, and the changes that matter undergoes

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

A Property

Answer 3

characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types

Question 4

Atoms

Answer 4

the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

two or more atoms joined in a specific space

Question 6

States of Matter

Answer 6

solid, liquid, gas

Question 7

Gas

Answer 7

no fixed volume or shape

Question 8

Liquid

Answer 8

has a distinct volume independent of its container

Question 9

Solid

Answer 9

has a definite shape and a definite volume

Question 10

Pure Substance

Answer 10

matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Question 11

Elements

Answer 11

substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. composed of only one kind of atom

Question 12

Compounds

Answer 12

substances composed of two or more elements. composed of two or more kinds of atoms

Question 13

Mixtures

Answer 13

combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity

Question 14

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 14

observation that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same

Question 15

Solutions

Answer 15

homogeneous mixtures

Question 16

Physical Properties

Answer 16

can be observed without changing its identity and composition of the substance

Question 17

Chemical Properties

Answer 17

substance may change or react to form anther substance

Question 18

Intensive Properties

Answer 18

do not depend on the amount of sample being used

Question 19

Extensive Properties

Answer 19

depend on the amount of sample

Question 20

Physical Change

Answer 20

changes the appearance not composition

Question 21

Changes of State

Answer 21

physical changes in matter. melting, freezing, sublimation, deposition, condensation, and evaporation

Question 22

Chemical Change

Answer 22

substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

Question 23

Heat

Answer 23

energy used to cause the temp of an object to increase

Question 24

Energy

Answer 24

capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 25

Work

Answer 25

the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

Question 26

Scientific Method

Answer 26

dynamic process used to answer questions about the physical world

Question 27

Hypotheses

Answer 27

question that is about to be tested

Question 28

Theory

Answer 28

tested model or explanation that has predictive powers and that accounts for all available observations

Question 29

Scientific Law

Answer 29

several observations repeatedly lead to the same consistent results

Question 30

Kinetic Energy

Answer 30

energy associated with the motion of an object

Question 31

Potential Energy

Answer 31

energy that an object possess by the virtue of its position relative to other objects

Question 32

Metric System

Answer 32

measurements used in chemistry

Question 33

SI Units

Answer 33

meter, kilogram

Question 34

Mass

Answer 34

measure of the amount of material in an object

Question 35

Absolute Zero

Answer 35

lowest temp attainable

Question 36

Derived Unit

Answer 36

obtained by multiplication or division of SI base units

Question 37

Density

Answer 37

mass divided by volume

Question 38

Precision

Answer 38

how closely different measures of a quantity agree w one another

Question 39

Accuracy

Answer 39

how well a measurement agrees w the true value

Question 40

Sig Figs

Answer 40

digits w value in a number

Question 41

Dimensional Analysis

Answer 41

ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units

Question 42

Conversion Factors

Answer 42

ratios constructed from valid relations between equivalent quantities