Vocab2 Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
Equal work
A
Work having equal skills, equal effort, equal responsibility, and similar working conditions, all performed at the same location.
2
Q
Equity
A
Amount of owners’ or shareholders’ portion of a business.
3
Q
Ergonomics
A
Design of the work environment to address the physical demands experienced by employees.
4
Q
Essential functions
A
Primary job duties that a qualified individual must be able to perform, either with or without accommodation; a function may be considered essential because it is required in a job or because it is highly specialized.
5
Q
Ethics
A
System of moral principles and values that establish appropriate conduct.
6
Q
Evaluation
A
Level of learning characterized by ability to make judgments.
7
Q
Excelsior List
A
List the employer has to provide the union with the names and addresses of certain employees within seven days after the direction of or consent to an election.
8
Q
Excess deferral plans
A
Nonqualified deferred compensation plans that provide benefits to selected management or highly compensated employees beyond Section 415 limitations.
9
Q
Excess group-term life insurance
A
Amount of employer-provided group-term life insurance over $50,000.
10
Q
Exclusive provider organization (EPO)
A
Plan in which participants must use providers in the network of coverage or no payment will be made.
11
Q
Executive coaching
A
Coaching typically conducted by a third-party vendor to support managers in mastering the fundamental principles and practices for achieving extraordinary results and empowering staff success.
12
Q
Executive search firms
A
External recruiting method; firms seek out candidates, usually for executive, managerial, or professional positions.
13
Q
Exempt employees
A
Employees who are excluded from FLSA minimum wage and overtime pay requirements.
14
Q
Exit interview
A
Interview conducted when an employee is terminating with an organization in which employee is asked to share views on selected issues.
15
Q
Expatriates
A
Collective term for employees sent abroad to work in a country other than where they live.
16
Q
Expatriation
A
Process of sending employees abroad and supporting their ability to adapt to cultural changes and complete their international assignment.
17
Q
Experience rating
A
Rating system that bases insurance rates on claims history.
18
Q
Explanation of benefits (EOB)
A
Written statement provided by an insurance provider indicating what portion of a benefit claim was paid to the health-care provider and what portion of the payment, if any, the individual is responsible for.
19
Q
Express oral contract
A
Involves verbal promises made between employer and employee related to employment.
20
Q
Extended organization
A
Alliance between organizations to create processes and information channels that allow communication and collaboration.
21
Q
External coaching
A
Coaching typically available to professional, exempt, and/or high-potential employees that is done in a private and confidential relationship with a trained or certified consultant/coach.
22
Q
External equity
A
When an organization’s pay rates are at least equal to market rates.
23
Q
Extrinsic rewards
A
Rewards such as pay, benefits, bonuses, promotions, achievement awards, time off, more freedom and autonomy, special assignments, etc.
24
Q
Factor comparison method
A
Job comparison method that ranks each job by each selected compensable factor and then identifies dollar values to develop a pay rate.
25
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT)
Act that provides some relief to employers using third parties to conduct workplace investigations.
26
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)
Act that protects privacy of background information and ensures that information supplied is accurate.
27
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Act that regulates employee status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping, and other administrative concerns.
28
Fair use
Provision of the Copyright Act that allows the use of copyrighted work in certain circumstances.
29
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee.
30
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.
31
Fast-track programs
Career development programs that involve identifying a pool of potential leaders and rapidly increasing their leadership skill development.
32
Featherbedding
Situation in which unions try to require the employment of more workers than is necessary.
33
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
Administers the provisions of the various executive orders that fall under the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978.
34
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
Offers assistance in contract settlement and maintains a list of arbitrators to help interpret contract language and resolve disputes.
35
Fee-for-service health-care plan
Full-choice health-care plan that allows covered employees to go to any qualified physician or hospital and submit claims to the insurance company; also known as indemnity health-care plan.
36
Fetal protection policies
Attempts to protect the fetus from workplace hazards.
37
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
Private, not-for-profit body that decides how public financial executives should report their firms’ financial information to their shareholders.
38
Financial ratios
Calculations designed to describe an organization’s financial health and performance from various perspectives.
39
First-impression error
Type of interviewer bias in which interviewer makes snap judgments and lets first impression (either positive or negative) cloud the interview.
40
Fishbowl interview
Interactive type of group interview that helps employer learn how individual interacts with others to solve business-related issues as well as individual’s depth of analytical skills and natural abilities as leader or team player.
41
Flat-rate pay
Provides each incumbent of a job with the same rate of pay, regardless of performance or seniority; also known as single-rate pay.
42
Flexible spending account (FSA)
Type of Section 125 plan that allows employees to use pretax dollars to pay for out-of-pocket health and dependent-care expenses.
43
Flexible staffing
Use of alternative recruiting sources and workers who are not regular employees; also known as alternative staffing.
44
Flextime
Work schedule that requires employees to work an established number of hours per week but allows starting and ending times to vary.
45
Focus group
Small group (normally six to twelve) invited to actively participate in a structured discussion with a facilitator.
46
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
Prohibits American companies from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business.
47
Formula budgeting
Form of budgeting in which an average cost is applied to comparable expenses and general funding is changed by a specific amount.
48
Fraudulent misrepresentation
Intentional deception relied upon and resulting in injury to another person.
49
Frequency distribution
Listing of grouped data, from lowest to highest.
50
Frequency table
Shows the number of people or organizations associated with data organized in a frequency distribution.
51
Full cafeteria plan
Type of Section 125 plan that allows employees to choose from a menu of benefits and allocate pretax dollars to pay for those benefits.
52
Fully insured health-care plan
Health-care plan in which the employer pays a third-party insurance carrier premiums that cover medical charges, administrative costs, sales commissions, taxes, and profits.
53
Functional structure
Organizational structure that defines departments by what services they contribute to the organization’s overall mission.
54
Gainsharing plans
Group incentives where a portion of the gains an organization realizes from group efforts is shared with the group.
55
Gantt chart
Project planning tool that graphically displays activities of a project in sequential order and plots them against time.
56
Garnishment
Occurs when a creditor obtains a court order requiring an employer to attach an employee’s earnings in order to pay back a debt.
57
Gatekeeper
Individual, usually a primary-care physician, who is given control of patient access to specialists and services in a managed care organization.
58
Gender
Refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
59
General Duty Clause
Statement in Occupational Safety and Health Act that requires employers subject to OSHA to provide employees with a safe and healthy work environment.
60
General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc., v. Cline
Case in which Supreme Court held that the Age Discrimination in Employment Act does not protect younger workers, even if they are over age 40, from workplace decisions that favor older workers.
61
General pay increase
Pay increase given to all employees (or a class of employees such as office or production workers) based on local competitive market requirements; awarded regardless of employee performance.
62
Generation X
Group of people born roughly between the years of 1965 and 1980.
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Generation Y
Group of people born after 1980.
64
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
Act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance.
65
Geographic differential pay
Pay based on where an employee works.
66
Gissel order
NLRB order to an employer to bargain with the union as a remedy for serious ULP charges against the employer.
67
Glass ceiling
Invisible barrier that blocks minorities and women from attaining senior executive positions.
68
Goal
Clear statement, usually in one sentence, of the purpose and intent of a human resource development program.
69
Golden handcuffs
System of overlapping short- and long-term incentives to make it less likely that key employees will leave an organization.
70
Golden parachutes
Clauses written into executive contracts that provide special payments to key executives who might lose their position or be otherwise disadvantaged if another organization took control through a merger or acquisition; also known as parachutes.
71
Good-faith bargaining
Generally means that parties in a negotiation enter into discussion with fair and open minds and a sincere desire to arrive at an agreement.
72
Graded vesting
System by which qualified retirement plan participants become incrementally vested over a period of years of service.
73
Gratz v. Bollinger
Case in which Supreme Court held that University of Michigan’s undergraduate admission program was not sufficiently “narrowly tailored†to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body.
74
Green-circle rates
Situation where an employee’s pay is below the minimum of the range.
75
Grievance procedure
Provides an orderly way to resolve differences of opinion in regard to a union contract.
76
Griggs v. Duke Power
1971 case that recognized adverse impact discrimination.
77
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year.
78
Gross earnings
Total earnings before taxes; include regular wages plus additional earnings such as tips, bonuses, and overtime pay.
79
Gross profit margin
Ratio of gross profit to gross sales.
80
Group-term life insurance
Form of insurance carried by employers for their employees that provides a lump-sum payment to the employees’ beneficiaries.
81
Grutter v. Bollinger
Case in which Supreme Court held that University of Michigan’s law school admission program was sufficiently “narrowly tailored†to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body.
82
Halo effect
Occurs when an employee is extremely competent in one area and is therefore rated high in all categories.
83
Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc.
Court ruling that established “reasonable person†standard in a sexual harassment case.
84
Hazard
Potential for harm, often associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury or illness.
85
Hazard Communication standard (Employee Right-to-Know Law)
OSHA standard that requires labeling, Material Safety Data Sheets, training, orientation for new and transferred employees, and hazard communication programs to inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace.
86
Hazard pay
Pay earned by employees who work in an environment that is considered more risky from a safety or health point of view.
87
Health
State of well-being, free of illness or disease.
88
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Act that made changes to improve health-care coverage portability and accessibility and provide medical record privacy and security.
89
Health insurance purchasing cooperative (HIPC)
Purchases health-care plans for large groups of employers to provide small organizations the economic advantages large organizations have.
90
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
Form of health care that provides services for a fixed period on a prepaid basis.
91
Health reimbursement account (HRA)
Employer-funded plan that reimburses employees only for eligible and substantiated health-care expenses.
92
Health savings account (HSA)
Tax-sheltered savings account similar to an IRA but created primarily to pay for medical expenses.
93
High-context culture
Society or group where people have close connections over a long period of time and where many aspects of behavior are not made explicit, because most members know what to do and think from years of interaction.
94
Highly compensated employee (HCE)
Determined by an array of issues such as business ownership and/or salary.
95
Histogram
Graphic representation of the distribution of a single type of measurement; data is represented by a series of rectangles of varying heights.
96
Homeland Security Act
Act designed to secure the United States against terrorist attacks and other threats and hazards and ensure safe and secure borders.
97
Honesty/integrity tests
Measures of applicants’ propensity toward undesirable behaviors such as lying, stealing, taking drugs, or abusing alcohol.
98
Horn effect
Occurs when an employee receives an overall low rating because of one weakness.
99
Host-country nationals (HCNs)
Employees working in their own countries; also known as local nationals.
100
Hostile environment harassment
Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual’s performance; creates an intimidating, threatening, or humiliating work environment; or perpetuates a situation that affects the employee’s psychological well-being.
101
Hot cargo clauses
Agreement that union members are not required to handle goods made by nonunion labor or a struck plant; generally illegal.
102
Hourly wage
Form of base pay that is dependent on the number of hours worked.
103
HR audit
Process to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of HR programs and positions.
104
Human capital
Combined knowledge, skills, and experience of a company’s employees.
105
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Virus that may lead to the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
106
Human resource development (HRD)
Set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the necessary skills and/or competencies to meet current and future job demands.
107
Human resource information system (HRIS)
Systematic tool for gathering, storing, maintaining, retrieving, and revising HR data.
108
Human resource management (HRM)
Design of formal systems in an organization that ensure the effective and efficient use of human capital to accomplish organizational goals.
109
Illegal subjects
Those collective bargaining items that are unlawful by statute; also known as external subjects.
110
Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)
Fundamental body of U.S. immigration law applying to all employers; addresses employment eligibility and employment verification and defines the conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of aliens in the U.S.
111
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
Act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship; establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee’s identity and eligibility to work.
112
Implied contract
Exists when an agreement is implied from circumstances even though there is no express agreement between employer and employee.
113
In loco parentis
“In place of a parentâ€; term used in expansion of FMLA coverage to employees who stand in place of a parent with day-to-day responsibilities to care for and financially support a child or who have a day-to-day responsibility to care for or financially support a person who stood in loco parentis for them.
114
Incentive pay
Form of direct compensation where employers pay for performance beyond normal expectations to motivate employees to perform at higher levels.
115
Income statement
Statement comparing revenues, expenses, and profits over a specified period of time, usually a year or a quarter.
116
Increasing returns
Type of learning curve in which progress is initially slow because basics are being learned but then performance takes off after the initial learning phase.
117
Incremental budgeting
Form of budgeting in which the prior budget is the basis for allocation of funds.
118
Indemnity health-care plan
Full-choice health-care plan that allows covered employees to go to any qualified physician or hospital and submit claims to the insurance company; also known as fee-for-service health-care plan.
119
Independent contractors
Self-employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services.
120
Independent medical exam
Legal term referring to an examination and assessment of an injured employee performed by an appropriately qualified, impartial doctor for the purpose of determining fitness for duty.
121
Indirect compensation
Compensation commonly referred to as benefits.
122
Individual retirement accounts (IRAs)
Tax-deferred accounts to which wage earners can contribute an amount up to a yearly maximum.
123
Industrial democracy
As related to international labor relations, where employees have legally mandated rights to participate in management decisions.
124
Inevitable disclosure
Enables an employer to prevent an employee from taking employment with a competitor when the current employer’s trade secrets might “inevitably†be disclosed.
125
Informational picketing
Type of picketing done to advise the public that an employer is nonunion.
126
Injunction
Court order that restricts, prevents, or requires certain activities.
127
Inpatriates
Employees brought in from another country to work in the headquarters country for a specified period.
128
Integrative bargaining
Takes place when there is more than one issue to be resolved; focuses on creative solutions to conflicts that reconcile parties’ interests and result in mutual benefit.
129
Interest-based bargaining (IBB)
Form of negotiating where parties look for common ground and attempt to satisfy mutual interests through the bargaining process.
130
Internal coaching
Consists of ongoing meetings between supervisors and employees to discuss the employee’s career goals.
131
Internal equity
Occurs when people feel that performance or job differences result in corresponding differences in pay rates.
132
International assignee
All-encompassing term used to describe anyone on an international assignment.
133
International social security agreements
Bilateral social security agreements that coordinate the U.S. Social Security program with the comparable programs of other countries; also known as totalization agreements.
134
Intrinsic rewards
Meaningful work, good feedback on performance, autonomy, and other factors that lead to high levels of satisfaction in the job.
135
Inventory
To an operations department, an organization’s major asset after physical buildings and equipment.
136
Involuntary deductions
Payroll deductions such as tax levies and court-ordered child support that an employee must pay.
137
Involuntary termination
When employers decide to discharge particular employees for cause (e.g., poor performance, violations of employer policy).
138
Job
Collection of employee activities (tasks) and responsibilities.
139
Job analysis
Systematic study of jobs to determine what activities (tasks) and responsibilities they include, personal qualifications necessary for performance, conditions under which work is performed, and reporting structure.
140
Job applicant
According to EEO regulations, anyone who expresses an interest in employment, regardless of whether that person meets the employer’s minimum qualifications for the job.
141
Job bidding
Internal recruiting method that allows employees to indicate an interest in a position before one becomes available.
142
Job burnout
Depletion of physical/mental resources caused by excessive striving to reach an unrealistic work-related goal.
143
Job classification
Evaluation method that groups jobs into a predetermined number of grades or classifications, each having a class description to use for job comparisons.
144
Job competencies
Knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) and other personal characteristics that work together to produce outstanding performance in a given area of responsibility.
145
Job description
Summarizes most important features of a job, including required tasks, knowledge, skills, abilities, responsibilities, and reporting structure; physical requirements must also be included for ADA considerations.
146
Job enlargement
Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed.
147
Job enrichment
Increases the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluation.
148
Job evaluation
Systematic determination of the relative worth of jobs within an organization.
149
Job group analysis
Part of affirmative action plan that lists all job titles that comprise each job group having similar content and responsibilities, wage rates, and opportunities for advancement.
150
Job posting
Internal recruiting method that allows current employees the chance to respond to announcements of positions.
151
Job ranking
Evaluation method that establishes a hierarchy of jobs from lowest to highest based on overall importance to the organization.
152
Job rotation
Movement between different jobs.
153
Job sharing
Results when two part-time employees share one full-time job.
154
Job specification
Spells out qualifications necessary for an incumbent to be able to perform a job.
155
Jobs for Veterans Act (JVA)
Amendment to Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act; deals with discrimination against certain veterans.
156
Johnson v. Santa Clara County Transportation Agency
Court ruling that endorsed using gender as one factor in an employment decision if underrepresentation is shown and if the affirmative action plan is not a quota system.
157
Joint employment
Situation in which an organization shares responsibility and liability for their alternative workers with an alternative staffing supplier; also known as co-employment.
158
Judgmental forecasts
Use of information from past and present to predict future conditions.
159
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
Quantifiable measures of performance used to gauge progress toward strategic objectives or agreed standards of performance.
160
Kinesthetic learners
People who learn best through a hands-on approach; also called tactile learners.
161
Knowledge
Level of learning characterized by ability to recall specific facts.
162
Knowledge management (KM)
Process of creating, acquiring, sharing, and managing knowledge to augment individual and organizational performance.
163
Kolstad v. American Dental Association
Case in which Supreme Court held that the availability of punitive damages depends on the motive of the discriminator rather than the nature of the conduct.
164
Labor organization
Any organization in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose of dealing with employers on work-related issues.
165
Labor-Management Relations Act (LMRA)
Act that provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices; also known as Taft-Hartley Act.
166
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)
Act that protects the rights of union members from corrupt or discriminatory labor unions; also known as Landrum-Griffin Act.
167
Landrum-Griffin Act
Act that protects the rights of union members from corrupt or discriminatory labor unions; also known as Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA).
168
Leadership
Ability of an individual to influence a group or another individual toward the achievement of goals and results.
169
Learning management system (LMS)
System that holds course content information and has the capability of tracking and managing employee course registrations, career development, and other employee development activities.
170
Learning objects (LOs)
Learning elements that may be reused in a variety of contexts; examples include animated graphics, job aids, and print modules.
171
Learning organization
Organization characterized by a capability to adapt to changes in environment.
172
Learning styles
Ways individuals learn and process ideas.
173
Leniency errors
Errors that are the result of appraisers who don’t want to give low scores.
174
Liabilities
Organization’s debts and other financial obligations.
175
Lifetime maximum benefit
Maximum dollar amount of covered medical expenses that a health-care plan will pay on behalf of any covered person during that person’s lifetime.
176
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and expands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against.
177
Line of sight
Concept that states that employees must be able to influence the attainment of a goal and see a direct result of their efforts in order for incentive pay plans to be effective.
178
Line units
Work groups that conduct the major business of an organization.
179
Litigation hold
Process of ensuring that any information related to pending (or reasonably anticipated) litigation is identified and preserved without regard to usual document destruction policies or schedules.
180
Local nationals
Employees working in their own countries; also known as host-country nationals (HCNs).
181
Lockout
Occurs when management shuts down operations to prevent union employees from working.
182
Long-term care insurance
Insurance coverage that provides a daily monetary benefit to people who are chronically ill and who require living assistance either at home or in a residential facility.
183
Long-term disability (LTD) coverage
Replaces a portion of employee’s lost income after short-term disability coverage ends.
184
Long-term objectives
Specific results, to be accomplished in three to five years, that an organization seeks to achieve in pursuing its mission.
185
Low-context culture
Society where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration and where behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave.
186
Lump-sum increase (LSI)
One-time payment made to an employee; also called performance bonus.
187
Machine Guarding standard
OSHA standard that provides general requirements for all machinery to protect operator and other employees.
188
Maintenance of membership
Contract clause that states that an employee may or may not choose to join a union but once the employee joins, he/she must maintain membership for the duration of the contract.
189
Managed care
General term for a medical plan that seeks to ensure that the treatments a person receives are medically necessary and provided in a cost-effective manner.
190
Management
Directing day-to-day organizational operations.
191
Mandatory subjects
Collective bargaining items required by law and the NLRB.
192
Market-based evaluation
Method similar to job evaluation systems that evaluates jobs based upon their market value.
193
Marketing
Process of planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods and services to satisfy organizational objectives.
194
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Must be provided by manufacturers for every hazardous substance; employers must evaluate chemicals and inform employees of hazardous properties.
195
Matrix structure
Organizational structure that combines departmentalization by division and function to gain the benefits of both.
196
Maturity curves
Correlate pay with time spent in a professional field such as teaching or research.
197
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
Case that established criteria for disparate treatment.
198
McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co.
Case in which Supreme Court held that evidence of misconduct acquired after the decision to terminate cannot free an employer from liability, even if the misconduct would have justified terminating the employee.
199
Mean
Average score or value in a set of data.
