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IND 1100 History of Architecture and Design > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Spanning Space

A

The use of a roof or filling empty space

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2
Q

Post and Lintel

A

Two or more vertical supports bridged by horizontal lintels

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3
Q

Arch

A

Horizontal projection that extends beyond the support beneath it

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4
Q

Truss

A

Triangular form relies on geometric principle

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5
Q

Columns

A

Decorative post: base, shaft and capital

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6
Q

Keystone

A

The center voussoir at the top of the arch

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7
Q

Intrados

A

The soffit, or interior curve beneath an arch

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8
Q

Extrados

A

The exterior curve of an arch

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9
Q

Springpoint

A

The point at which the curve of the arch begins

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10
Q

Springline

A

An imaginary line drawn between 2 springpoints

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11
Q

Architecture

A

Defines boundaries- not necessarily walls- that separate arranged spaces from natural surroundings

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12
Q

Durability

A

Implies strength and safety

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13
Q

Function

A

Time and culture affects the size and shape of required spaces

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14
Q

Aesthetics

A

What is pleasing to the eye depending on culture, historic period and individual taste

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15
Q

Ornamentation

A

Decorative treatment that creates contrast to the surface itself

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16
Q

Whitewashing

A

Use of a lime-based coloring medium

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17
Q

Stain

A

A medium that changes the color of wood and, depending on opacity, allows the grain to show to varying degrees

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18
Q

Lacquering

A

A technique well developed by the Chinese, made from the sap of a tree indigenous to China

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19
Q

Japanning

A

An imitation of the lacquering technique, employs an alcohol-based shellac usually with black or red coloring in it

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20
Q

Veneering

A

A finishing technique that employs thin sheets of rare or expensive materials laminated to a less expensive material

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21
Q

Gliding

A

The application of this sheets of gold to a surface

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22
Q

Applique

A

Ornamentation technique that may refer to a material of a different color or texture applied to a second product and may result in a three-dimensional effect

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23
Q

Incised Carving

A

Ornamentation technique which yields a pattern cut below the surface and includes scratch, chip and gouge carving.

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24
Q

Scratch Carving

A

Ornamentation technique that consists of lines on the surface that form an outline

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25
Low-relief or bas-relief
Ornamentation that changes surface depth, A carving technique that is cut from the top only
26
High-relief or alto-relief
Ornamentation that changes surface depth, A carving design that is undercut, forming a three-dimensional effect on the underside as well as the top of the design
27
Molding
Ornamentation that changes surface depth, technique that is unrelated to carving
28
Piercing
Ornamentation that changes surface depth, usually done in a pattern rather than randomly
29
Turning
Ornamentation that changes surface depth. Subtracts material from surface
30
Motifs
A decorative design, usually based on geometric forms, free-form curves, natural objects, or misc. forms. Motifs may be formed into a pattern
31
Pattern
An orderly arrangement
32
Geometric Forms
Designs that employ lines, angles and curves
33
Chevron
A line motif that uses a single V-shape or a series of them and has often been used to signify water or lighting
34
Dentil
A small square block used in series
35
Mechanical curves
Ornamental motif based on a circle, include any portions of circles, and are drawn with a compass
36
Semicircular arches
Ornamental motif that for half a circle
37
Spirals
Ornamental motif that begins with a rather sharp curve and lessens as it progresses
38
Cross Forms
One of the most ancient symbolical ornamental devices found in many cultures from pre-historic times, is used in both building footprints and as decorative motifs
39
Latin Cross
Has four arms, 3 of which are equal in length and the fourth which is extended. Was used for floor plans especially in medieval
40
Greek Cross
Consists of four arms of equal length, a foot ptint that adapts well to the to the form of worship in Greek Orthodox churches
41
Maltese Cross
Has four arms radiating around a center point
42
Swastika
Has four equal arms that interact as right angles in the center. Each arm has an additional 90-degree angle halfway along its length.
43
Lozenge
A diamond shaped pattern that is used in vaulting, heraldry and strapwork
44
Star
A geometric motif that has a number of points
45
Lunette
Half moon shaped architectural space, which is formed when a horizontal cornice transects a round-headed arch at the level of the imposts, where the arch springs
46
Band Pattern
A type of pattern that are linear, may go in any direction and are limited in length although their width is static
47
Diaper Pattern
A type of pattern that employ motifs repeated in any direction to cover all or part of a surface
48
Panel Pattern
A type of pattern that is non-repeating discontinuous the cover a fixed are and therefore are difficult to extend in in either direction
49
Lintel
A horizontal support of timber, stone, concrete or steel across the top of a door or window
50
ziggurats
Developed by Mesopotamians, it was a rectangular stepped tower sometimes surrounded by a temple. This was a precursor of church steeples and towers beginning in the Middle Ages.
51
Stele (or Stela)
A stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monuments.
52
Vault
An arched ceiling of stone, brick or concrete sometimes imitated in wood or plaster
53
Mesopotamia
4500-539 BCE, one of the earliest civilizations that developed. Situated at the head of the Persian Gulf.
54
Relief Sculpture
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term relief is from the Latin verb relevo, meaning to raise.
55
Arcade
as succession of continuous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers.
56
Aqueducts
artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge across a valley or other gap
57
load-bearing Construction
Thick, heavy masonry walls of brick or stone that support the entire structure, including the horizontal floor slabs
58
dromos
A walkway to a building, especially a cerimonial walkway to a temple or tomb
59
anthropomorphic
The attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities
60
lapis lazuli
a blue gemstone widely used in Mesopotamia

IND 1100 History of Architecture and Design (3 decks)

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