Vocabulary

Question 1

Electricity

Answer 1

Form of energy that produces light, heat, and magnetic and

chemical changes

Question 2

Electric Current

Answer 2

Movement of electricity along a path called a conductor

Question 3

Load

Answer 3

A load is an electrically powered appliance.

Question 4

Conductor

Answer 4

Materials that best transport electricity to a load
• Silver and copper are best
• Other metals, graphite, carbon, water-containing ions and
human body

Question 5

Insulator

Answer 5

Materials that best transport electricity to a load
• Silver and copper are best
• Other metals, graphite, carbon, water-containing ions and
human body

Question 6

Amp

Answer 6

Unit of electric strength
• Amp rating indicates number of electrons flowing on line
• Power box to home supplies amps
• Circuits will have 10, 20, 30 or greater amp ratings
• 1 ampere = 1,000 milliamperes

Question 7

Volt

Answer 7

Unit of electric pressure
• Measures how hard electrons are pushed by source
• 120V or 240V
• 120/small appliances
• 240/large motors
• 240 plugs have v-shaped end

Question 8

Ohm

Answer 8

Unit of electric resistance
• Measures how difficult it is to push electrons through
conductor
• Size, material and temperature determine amount of
resistance in conductor

Question 9

Watt

Answer 9

Measure of how much electrical energy (power) is being used per second
• 1 watt = small amount of energy
• Blow dryer = 1,000 watts per second
• 1,000 watts = 1 kilowatt

Question 10

Inverter or Converter

Answer 10

Changes DC to AC

Question 11

Rectifier

Answer 11

Changes AC to DC

Question 12

Rheostat

Answer 12

Used to adjust the flow of current that can change the volume or intensity

Question 13

Direct Application

Answer 13

Electrode applied directly to client’s scalp or face
• Used for mild acne and/or blackhead treatment; scalp
treatment

Question 14

Indirect Application

Answer 14

Glass electrode handed to client before activating
current
• Client holds electrode
• Professional stimulates area manually
• Used for dry skin facial treatment; dry scalp

Question 15

General Electrification

Answer 15

Electrode handed to client before activating current

• Client experiences generalized tingling or vibration

Question 16

General Precautions

Answer 16

Always read manufacturer’s directions

• Electrodes should never touch each other

Question 17

Galvanic Precautions

Answer 17

Usually highest intensity recommended for oily skin
• Low intensity for sensitive skin
• Make sure current is off before breaking contact with client
• Limit galvanic treatment to 4-7 minutes and 3-5 for sensitive
skin

Question 18

Microcurrent

Answer 18

Treatment generally lasts no more than 30 minutes
• Use the timer to ensure equal time is given to both halves of
the face

Question 19

High Frequency Precautions

Answer 19

Begin with mild current, increasing slowly
• Keep client out of contact with metal during treatment
• Limit treatment duration to approximately 5 minutes for
direct application and 8-15 minutes for indirect
• If you use cream, it cannot contain alcohol
• Turn current on after client is holding electrode, and turn off
before removing electrode

Question 20

Heat Energy

Answer 20

Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler body and can be transferred from one object to another in one of three ways:
1. Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation

Question 21

Light Therapy

Answer 21

Production of beneficial effects such as reducing acne through treatments using light rays or waves

Question 22

Laser

Answer 22

An acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of
radiation
• Can be used to remove blood vessels, tattoos or wrinkles

Question 23

LED (light-emitting diode)

Answer 23

Used to reduce acne (blue light), increase circulation (red

light), reduce inflammation (yellow light) or reduce hyperpigmentation (green light)

Question 24

IPL (intense pulse light)

Answer 24

Used to treat spider veins and rosacea

Question 25

Visible Light

Answer 25

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see • Red = Longest waves • Violet = Shortest waves • Fluorescent = Economical o Problem for certain hair colors, such as blue or cool tones • Incandescent = Light bulb o Closest sub for natural sunlight • LED lamps – Longer life span and efficiency

Question 26

Invisible Light

Answer 26

Over half of sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond red, which are called infrared • A small percentage of natural sunlight is composed of invisible light beyond violet, which is called ultraviolet

Question 27

Infrared Light

Answer 27

Produces heat • Exposure time ranges from 5-15 minutes • Light must be placed at least 30” (76.2 cm) from the client’s face • Protective eyewear is required for the professional and client

Question 28

Ultraviolet Light

Answer 28

Can be more damaging than infrared light • Short penetrating light in the spectrum, also known as actinic light • Produces both positive and negative effects on the skin, depending on the exposure time • Small dose of UV light can tan the skin and may help the body produce vitamin D • UV light is germicidal and can kill bacteria that cause skin infections

Question 29

Phoresis

Answer 29

Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying current to the chemical • Most typical application of galvanic current

Question 30

Anaphoresis

Answer 30

``` Negative pole • Produces alkaline reaction • Increases blood flow • Softens tissues • Stimulates nerves • Used for desincrustation ```