Vocabulary Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
Populace
Countable vs uncountable?
A
Bevökerung
Most of the times uncountable, but can also be countable if many populace are meant
2
Q
Elucidate
A
Elucidate (sth.)
etw. verdeutlichen, aufklären
3
Q
Decry
A
Decry (sth.)
etwas in Verruf bringen, etw. anprangern
4
Q
Strain
A
Belastung, Anstrengung, Beanspruchung
5
Q
Edify
A
Edify sth.
Etwas erbauen, etwas erziehen
6
Q
Obtain (possible pronoun)
A
Obtain sth. from
etw. erhalten, bekommen
7
Q
Endemic
A
vorherreschend, einheimisch, beheimatet
8
Q
Lest
What follows on it?
A
Damit nicht
konjunktiv e.g. lest be (not are)
9
Q
What proposition to use with evidence?
A
Evidence of sth —> it means that it exists
Evidence for sth —> not sure if it exist
Evidence that nS nV
10
Q
Glade
A
Lichtung, Waldwiese
11
Q
Prickly-pear
A
Feigenkaktus
12
Q
Contingent
A
Contingent on: bedingt, abhängig von
Contingent payment: bedingte Zahlung
Contingent (noun) Quote, Anteil, Kontingent
13
Q
Inaugurate
A
Inaugurate sth. etwas einweihen
Inaugurating: ins Amt einführend, eröffnend
14
Q
Bottom trawling
A
Grundschleppnetzfischerei
15
Q
Pheromones
A
Pheromone, Sexuallockstoffe
16
Q
Abundant
A
Reichlich (vorhanden), reichhaltig
17
Q
aptitude (possible pronouns)
A
aptitude (for) Eignung für
aptitude (of) applicant Eignung des Bewerbers
Talent, Fähigkeit
18
Q
Trenches
trench
A
Rinnen, Gräben, Schützengräben
trench (sth.) etwas graben, zerfuchen, ausheben
19
Q
sloth
A
Faultier
Trägheit, Faulheit
20
Q
enigmatic
A
rätselhaft, geheimnisvoll
21
Q
bud
A
Knospe, Keim
aufkeimen, knospen, ausschlagen
22
Q
Plot
A
Grundstück, Plot, Plan, Handlung, Komplott
23
Q
ailing mobster
A
Gangsterbande, mörderischer Gangster, Gangsterboss
24
Q
Javelin, discus
A
Speer, Diskus(wurf)
25
dissipate
dissipate (sth.)
| sich auflösen, vergeuden, sich zerstreuen
26
weather system
Wettersystem
Thus, the sun is the driving force for the whole wind and weather system in the proximity to the equator as also in the regions
27
Four times XXX
Four times sth.
| Four times of… would be unidiomatic
28
retaliate
sich rächen, zurückschlagen, vergelten
29
dated --> what is the right idiom?
dated at 310 years old (not dated to be XX years old)
30
seems about to fail vs. is about to seemingly fail
seems about to fail: actual failure seems about to occur
| is about to seemingly fail: the appearance of failure is about to occur
31
longitudinal
längsgerichtet, längsschnittlich
32
a groove
| to groove sth.
Rinne, Einkerbung, Nute
| etw. falzen, etw. einkerben, etw. aushöhlen
33
preclude sth
etw. ausschließen
34
undermine
untergraben
35
intriguing
verblüffend, faszinierend, fesselnd
36
resigned to
zurückgetreten, ausgeschieden
| gleichgültig, aufgegeben
37
inhibit
hemmen, blockieren, unterdrücken, bremsen
38
vertex
| vertices
Eckpunkte, Spitzen, Scheitel
39
Alomst adding vs. Adding almost XX
Almost adding means that you almost added sth. but did not
| Adding almost means that you almost added that amount, e.g. only a few less
40
The Javelin is obviously more dangerous vs. The Javelin is more obviously dangerous
The Javelin is obviously more dangerous: It is obvious/clear that the Javelin is more dangerous
The Javelin is more obviously dangerous: The danger of the Javelin is more obvious (but does not mean that it is greater), you see/ detect the danger easier
41
Demand for scientific research vs demand in scientific research
Demand for --> means that there is a demand to do scientific research
Demand in scientific research means that there is some demand for sth. In scientific research (e.g. demand for platin in scientific research)
42
What is wrong?
| Prices at the producer level are only 1.3 percent higher now than a year ago
Sentence compares prices to " a year ago"
| Right: Prices at the producer level are only 1.3 percent higher now than those of a year ago
43
What is wrong?
| "as hard as to make burrowing difficult or as soft as to cause tunnels to collapse"
Whenever you see “as X as” in a sentence, the word immediately after it MUST be a noun. In this case, there is a verb after each one, which is not grammatically correct.
44
What is wrong?
In 2003 there were 19k female stundents, twice as many as 1981
2 ways to correct it
twice as many as in 1981
| double the figure for 1981
45
Built in structure:
| Between X ...
Between X and Y
46
Built in structure:
| Distinguish X
Distinguish X from Y
47
Built in structure:
| Neither X
Neither X nor Y
48
Built in structure:
Consider X
Others?
Consider X Y
Declare XY
Make XY
Right: Tom declares his dog the ugliest in the town.
Wrong: to be the ugliest
49
Built in structure:
| Estimate X
Estimate X to be Y
50
Built in structure:
| View X
View X as Y
51
Built in structure:
| In contrast to X
In contrast to X, Y
52
Built in structure:
| Mistake X
Mistake X for Y
53
Built in structure:
| Whether X
Whether X or Y
54
aggravate vs aggravating
aggravate: worsen, verschlechtern (auch: etw. verstärken, erschweren)
aggravating: irritating (erschwerend, lästig, unangenehm)
55
known as vs. known to be vs. known for
known as: named
known to be: acknowledged as
known for: famous for a particular thing
56
loss of vs. loss in
loss of: no longer in possession of
| loss in: decline in value
57
mandate vs. have a mandate
mandate: command
| have a mandate: have authority from voters
58
native of vs. native to
native of: person from
| native to: species that originated in
59
range of vs. ranging
range of: variety of (Angebot an, Spektrum an)
| ranging: varying (aufstellend, anordnend)
60
rate of vs. rates for
rate of: speed or frequency of
| rates for: prices for
61
rate of vs. rates for
rate of: speed or frequency of
| rates for: prices for
62
rise vs. raise
rise: general increase
raise: a bet or a salary increase in American English
63
try to do vs. try doing
try to do: seek to accomplish
| try doing: experiment with
64
hats and patience
| viele
many hats and much patience
65
stores and merchandise
| wenig
few stores and little merchandise
66
children and money
| weniger
fewer children and less money
67
shoes and greed
| am wenigsten
fewest shoes and least greed
68
chairs and furniture
| einige
number of chairs and amount of furniture
69
countable vs uncountable
books and courage
zahlreich, reichlich
numerous books and great courage
70
corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent, seeming, separate, significant, supposed, and
usual
marker for adverb and adjective switching, examine the meaning closer
71
skunk
Stinktier
72
racoon
Waschbär
73
pinniped
Robben
74
foraging
Futtersuche
75
blubber (noun)
| to blubber
Walspeck
| weinen
76
fidelity
Genauigkeit, Wiedergabetreue, Treue
77
delinquents
| delinquent
Straftäter
| straffällig
78
dwellers
Bewohner
79
(bone) marrow
Knochenmark
| Kürbis
80
transcend
| transcendence
etw. überschreiten, übersteigen
| Erhabenheit, Überlegenheit
81
confer
verleihen, übertragen
82
assimilate
assimilate (sb./sth.)
aufnehmen, anpassen, verinnerlichen
assimilate oneself: sich einfügen
83
(Severely hindered by local supply problems, that the AQ division also had to adapt to a new management team) was not seen by the board of directors as a legitimate excuse for such low productivity.
Severely hindered by problems with local suppliers, the AQ division also had to adapt to a new management team, but this
84
So much as vs as much as
So much as --> some tiny amount, more like not even this, not even so much as an ounce --> most of the time incorrect
as much as --> comparison
85
clues to vs clues about
Clues about: you already know about the rabbit hole, get to get more information about it
vs. Clues to: I am discovering the rabbit hole, we know it is there, but we do not have some basic information
86
While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
You can compare preposition to preposition: cost of running as for other...
87
To attract the most talented workers, some companies are offering a wider range of (benefits and let employees pick the most important to them).
Wrong: should be are letting + the most important --> as if they picked only one benefit collectively)
Right: benefits, letting employees pick those most important to them.
88
If you spot they or it
check for a it or they split
89
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if (they lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes by the animal overcompensating,) growing an extra or two.
What is wrong?
Issue with they --> it would mean they lose it collectively
it should be "and" at the end
You cannot replace sth "by overcompensating"
Right: one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
90
Replace structures
Active: something/somebody replaces something/somebody --> Computers cannot replace teachers
Active: replace something/somebody with something/somebody --> We replaced the old cupboard with some shelves.
Passive: something/somebody is replaced by something/somebody --> Janet’s smile disappeared and was immediately replaced by a frown.
91
Among the Tsonga, a Bantu-speaking group of tribes in southeastern Africa, dance teams represent their own chief at (the court of each other, providing entertainment in return for) food, drink, and lodging.
What is wrong?
Another vs each other (Each other suggest swapping of dance teams)
The biggest issue is that the representation does not provide entertainment --> so B is correct: they represent and they provide entertainment
Right: the court of another and provide entertainment in return for
92
Australian embryologists have found evidence ( to suggest that the elephant had descended from an aquatic animal and its trunk originally evolved) as a kind of snorkel.
What is wrong?
Past perfect --> something happened in the past before sth. that is already in the past
Gmat considers that and that clearer --> if you have that option try to pick it (ist not incorrect to just have one that but ist clearer)
Correct: to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved
93
The band U2 was just one of many new groups on the rock music scene in the early 1980s, but less than 10 years later, U2 had fully eclipsed its early rivals in the pantheon of popular music.
Correct
Even though U2 had fully eclipsed is not the earliest action there is a time market 10 years later + action was later than the time marker
94
to eclipse (sb./sth.)
in den Schatten stellen, verdunkeln
| eclipsed --> verdunkelt
95
pantheon
Rumeshalle
96
Difference between: The Millers have lived in a hut for three years.
The Millers lived in a hut for three days.
They still live in the hut
| They do not live in the hut anymore.
97
similar time markers such as since (for perfect tense)
within the past (five minutes) // in the last (10 days)
98
Differences in meaning:
The child has drawn a square in the sand.
The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it.
The child has drawn a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it.
1) the child is no longer in the act of drawing, however, the square is still there
2) the ocean is in the act of erasing
3) incorrect as it would mean that the child draws the square at the same time as the ocean eases it
99
the word when
can mean at the same time (no perfect tense)
| can mean after --> perfect tense helps clarify ambiguity
100
The scientist announces
| The scientist announced
that the price of Bitcoin will increase
| that the price of Bitcoing would increase
101
The scientist announced that the supercollider was ready, had not cost too much to build, and that it would provide new insights into the workings of the universe.
All verbs are considered parallel
102
inadvertent
unabsichtlich, versehenlicht
103
allege sth.
behaupten
104
Water (freezes if it was) cooled down to zero degrees Celsius.
what is wrong?
Should be: water would freeze if conditional is meant
Water freezes if cooled down
105
The company's digital watch offering is outperforming those of its competitors.
What is wrong?
Those is plr. should be sig
Right: The company's digital watch offering is outperforming the offerings of its competitors.
Pronoun (its) can refer to a Possessive noun (company's)
106
Television writer Aaron Sorkin is known for writing (dialogue that is wittier than it is in) most real-world interactions.
What is wrong?
it --> can only refer to the same dialogue, whereas that can refer to a new copy --> the intended meaning is not the same dialogue is wittier
Right: (dialogue that is wittier than that in)
107
Oil traders have profited handsomely from the recent increase in its price.
What is wrong?
"its" does not have an antecedent
Right: Oil traders have profited handsomely from the recent increase in the price of oil.
108
A few Shakespearean scholars maintain that he borrowed some of his most memorable lines from Christopher Marlowe.
What is wrong?
"he" has no antecedent
Right: A few Shakespearean scholars maintain that Shakespeare borrowed some of his most memorable lines from Christopher Marlowe.
109
Samantha took her laptop and her books with her on the airplane because she thought that she could use these to get some work done.
What is wrong?
"these" is incorrect, it cannot be used as a stand-alone pronoun without a noun following.
Right: Samantha took her laptop and her books with her on the airplane because she thought that she could use them to get some work done.
110
Heathmax Natural Foods will not sell a product unless the product does not contain any preservatives, any artificial flavors and any genetically modified foods.
What is wrong?
"not A, B or C" --> no item allowed
| not A, B and C --> only combination of all three not allowed
111
Only two options for preposition for responsible
responsible to someone --> an authority figure
| responsible for "an issue/ sth."
112
Many outside observers believe that European nations buy the greatest number of Montgomery Export's products, but it is Vietnam that is the single greatest consumer of these products.
it is A that does X --> for dramatic emphasis, especially emphasis contrary to expectation
113
He was not so much dejected but frustrated after countless hours of practice, he still could not make a free throw.
What is wrong?
"so much as" or "as much as" (latter must be followed by noun)
114
dejected
| dejection
deprimiert
| Niedergeschlagenheit
115
regard prep?
| Newton
```
I regard Newton as
never infinitive (to have been)
```
116
Hannibal chose to cross the Alps and invade Roman territory by land from the north, instead of crossing the Mediterranean and invading by sea.
What is wrong?
instead of + gerund --> never correct on the GMAT
Rather than is better
117
persuade
Mary could not persuade Hank XX
When do we use that?
persuade someone to do sth. / Hank to move to Paris
persuade someone that sth. is correct
I managed to persuade him that it was not his fault.
118
expend
expend on sth
ausgeben, aufwenden
expenditure
119
allow for vs. to
allow for: denotes the way sth can accommodate a difficult factor
"A allows B to do X": use it for a person or legal document that gives permission of some kind (allow the children to play)
120
Teenagers rarely comply XX the rules their parents impose
| Yield?
comply with the rules (not to!)
| yield to the rules
121
Alliza played down her chance X becoming the next president.
chance of --> probability of sth.
122
prohibit
to prohibit A from doing X
prohibit A to do X --> always incorrect
123
Capable X vs. able X
Capable of doing sth.
| Able to do sth.
124
Due to
| The plane's delay was due to mechanical problems
if to be is involved use due
| X causes Y then Y is due to X
125
Prefer
to prefer A to B
126
He garnishes his sundae with Kahlua rather than vs. instead of with chocolate syrup.
rather than is correct
A instead of B can only put nouns in parallel --> here we put prepositional phrases "with Kahlue, with chocolate" in pralell
127
forbid
Forbid A to X
Forbid students to have alcohol
never: forbid that
128
agree with vs. agree to
agree to: accept a duty, agree to do sth.
| agree with: agree with an idea, think its a good idea
129
Suggest
Sugggest that the Spanish teacher go --> suggest takes that and should be phrased in the subjunctive mood
"would go" --> would be incorrect
130
Predict
predict that sth. happens
| predict the price to drop would be incorrect
131
Until the day we find extraterrestrial life, we will always wonder (whether vs. if) there is life in outer space.
whether is correct
we use "if" for a condition for a specific action (e.g. If it X happens, Y will happen)
whether is used for uncertainty and expression of that e.g. ask, say, decide, know, understand, predict, wonder whether
132
words used with whether
ask, say, decide, know, understand, predict, wonder whether
133
think vs consider
I think that Spanish is a sexy language
not: think Spanish a sex language
consider Spanish sexy is correct
134
Substitute
Substitute for
135
In contrast X
In contrast to or in contrast with
136
to contrast
contrast A with B
137
Percent of sth. countable or uncountable?
adjust to the "root" (the thing of what the percentage is)
percentage of water --> uncountable
percentage of chairs --> countable
138
argue
argue that (if assert that is meant) --> discuss the content of an arguement
139
I hold XX Twain XX
I hold that Twain is a much ...
| takes a that (e.g. as assert that, maintain that)
140
Elegant way of comparing to relationships
X is to Y as A is to B
141
The 19-year-old pianist and composer performed his most recent work all over Europe, Asia, and North America last year, (having won prestigious awards both in London and Tokyo for his achievement at so young an age, hoping) to continue composing now that he has returned to Chicago.
What is wrong?
"Hoping" is unclear what it refers to
both in
Time issue (should be having had won)
"at so young an age" awkward
right: (winning prestigious awards in both London and Tokyo for his achievement at such a young age, and he hopes)
142
(Macroni conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become) precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
What is wrong?
conceive of / think of
conceived to be is unidiomatic
which refers to the telephone
correct: (Macroni conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become)
143
The WWF has declared that global warming, (a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,)
What is wrong?
When is that preferred?
That is preferred if we switch to a new subject and verb --> here there is no switch
you agree that sth. is but not on sth.
Right: (a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels,)
144
indicate
indicate that XX
| indicate to me that
145
how is while used?
not for contrast but for time
146
when can you use a semicolon?
when there could also be a period
147
as though they were
gramatically correct
| als ob sie wären
148
If I XX an animal,
If I were --> subjunctive
| was --> is not subjunctive but past tense
149
except XX
except XX Sunday
except XX domain
except XX territory
except for
except on Sunday
except in the domain
except in the territory
150
tissue
Gewebe; Tuch
151
If unsure on the GMAT, use the option that is
clearer, makes a connection, or is more concise
152
,and?
S v , and new Subject, new Verb
153
so as to
particular reason for doing sth.
| Kai studied so as to improve his score
154
Puritan
Puritaner, Sittenstrenge, sittenstreng
English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries
155
peculiarly
besonders, eigenartig, charakteristisch
156
confine
confine (sb/sth.)
beschränken auf, jdn. einsperren, etw. eingrenzen
confine (noun) --> Grenze
157
acquisitiveness
Habgier, Gewinnsucht, Erwerbstrieb
158
ascribe
| ascription
zuschreiben
| Zuschreibung
159
putty
putty sth --> etwas spachteln
| putty (noun) Spachtelmasse
160
Well (noun)
| well, welled, welled
Brunnen, Quelle, Ursprung
| quellen, sprudeln
161
Opening modifier?
always refers to the noun/ subject directly after the modifier (otherwise you cannot understand the meaning)
162
Property rights, baffling students of the law year after year, were primarily based, to this day, on a complex hierarchical system developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.
What is wrong?
"to this day" is idiomatic and literal: up to now, even now.
Now is present tense. Property rights ARE based right now [to this day] on . . .
not WERE based to this day . . .
163
When can we use past perfect?
We use past perfect to talk about the past of the past (the earlier of two events in the past) and only when we need that construction.
We can use past perfect only if there is at least one other event rendered in simple past; or a time stamp that establishes the later-in-time event; or context that does the same thing as a time stamp.
164
Baffling
Confusing
165
much of which, some of which, part of which, none of which?
common phrases in English, not to be checked if countable or uncountable
166
indelibly
unauslöschbar, dauerhaft
167
Neither vs. none
Neither is for two options, none is for more than two options
168
characteristic --> pronoun?
characteristic of
169
demise
Tod, Untergang, Verschwinden
170
which vs that
which and that are not interchangable
which always has a comma before it / however with which, on which does not have a comma
that is usually not offset with a comma (only if there is sth. inserted in between)
171
stickler
Verfechter
172
Role of as?
-- when as is followed by a noun or noun phrase, it cannot mean "similar to."
-- AS connotes:
→ ROLE. The uncle will act as guardian of his nieces and nephews. [in the role of guardian]
→ EQUALS. I think of him as my brother. (He's not my brother, but I think of him in that way. I equate him with my brother.)
→ STAGE: As a teenager, she was shy.
173
rebuttal
Gegenbeweis, Widerlegung
174
Condition --> preposition
in which
incorrect: condition where
Incorrect when ailment: condition of the
We can use "condition of" at times ("on condition of anonymity" or "a condition of the contract"), but for an ailment the idiomatic construction is "a condition in which" or "a condition that"
175
ailment
Krankherit, Leiden
| ail sb. --> plagen
176
Linus objected to Sally's stealing his blanket, even though she wanted only to wash it.
Further, if we put aside the "of the" error, a condition of the spine curving abnormally should state: a condition of the spine's curving abnormally . . .
- - A noun or pronoun placed before a gerund is called the "subject" of the gerund.
- - That noun tells what or who is doing the gerund. The subject of the gerund should be in possessive form. (The construction often sounds weird.)
177
perpetuate (sth)
etw. aufrechterhalten, weiterführen
178
originating vs. originated
PROBLEM: "Originated" can't be an action. This is just a misuse of the word. It may look parallel, but the participle of "originate" is "originating". Think about it. You can't put this in the past, because the word itself implies the past origin of something, even in the present tense (i.e. Originating in 1200 BC, the codex is the key to life itself).
originated does not exist
179
"appreciative" - VS "appreciable"
"appreciative" - showing gratitude VS "appreciable" - noticeable
180
intermittent
unterbrochen, periodisch
