Vocabulary Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Allen test
A
A test for occlusion of the radial or ulnar artery, in which one of these arteries is compressed after blood has been forced out of the hand by clenching it into a fist; failure of the blood to diffuse into the hand when opened indicates that the artery not compressed is occluded.
1
Q
hyperthyroidism
A
a condition in which an overactive thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones.
2
Q
microcephaly
A
abnormally small head
2
Q
Argyll Robinson
A
Syphillis – accommodate but don’t react to light
3
Q
zygomatic arch
A
The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and that is formed by the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
4
Q
cerumen
A
earwax, soft or hard
4
Q
Leukoplakia
A
hite spots or patches on mucous membranes, especially of the mouth and vulva
5
Q
claudication
A
cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles
6
Q
diastolic
A
Normal postsystolic dilation of the heart cavities, during which they fill with blood
7
Q
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
A
The pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea; the cycles ordinarily are 30 seconds to 2 minutes in duration, with 5–30 seconds of apnea
7
Q
crepitus
A
a crackling chest sound
7
Q
fibrosis
A
an abnormal condition in which fibrous connective tissue spreads over or replaces normal smooth muscle or other normal organ tissue
7
Q
myopia
A
Nearsightedness
8
Q
consolidation
A
A condition in which lung tissue becomes firm and solid rather than elastic and air-filled because it has accumulated fluids and tissue debris
8
Q
Bullous Myringits
A
an inflammatory condition of the eardrum, characterized by painful fluid-filled vesicles on the tympanic membrane and the sudden onset of severe pain in the ear. The condition often occurs with bacterial otitis media. Treatment includes administration of antibiotics and analgesics and surgical draining of the vesicles
9
Q
Cullen’s sign
A
An indication of intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially in ruptured ectopic pregnancy, in which blood causes periumbilical darkening of the skin
10
Q
Fordyce spots
A
are small, painless, raised, pale, red or white spots or bumps 1 to 3 mm in diameter that may appear on the scrotum, shaft of the penis or on the labia, as well as the inner surface (retromolar mucosa) and vermilion border of the lips of the face
11
Q
pulsus bigeminus
A
a pulse in which the beats occur in pairs
12
Q
Lingual papillae
A
small nipple or hair like structures on the dorsum of the tongue, giving it a rough texture. There are four types of lingual papillae in humans: circumvallate papillae (vallate papillae), fungiform papillae, filiform papillae and foliate papillae
13
Q
dextrocardia
A
the location of the heart in the right hemithorax, either as a result of displacement by disease or as a congenital defect
13
Q
dysmetria
A
An inability or impaired ability to accurately control the range of movement in muscular acts.
13
Q
lipoma
A
a benign, soft, rubbery, encapsulated tumor of adipose tissue, usually composed of mature fat cells.
13
Q
phlebitis
A
Inflammation of a vein
14
Q
plexus
A
branching network
15
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
16
scaphoid
boat-shaped, such as the scaphoid bone of the wrist
17
hyperventilation
increased breathing rate
18
thrush
candidiasis of the oral mucous membranes
18
vertex
highest point of the skull
19
choroid
a thin vascular layer between the sclera and the retina. The choroid supplies blood to the retina and conducts arteries and nerves to other structures in the eye
19
hyperopia
Farsightedness
21
aneurysm
a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart
23
apnea
Absence of breathing
24
systole
Contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles, by which the blood is driven through the aorta and pulmonary artery
25
drusen
Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head, common early sign of macular degneration
26
pulse pressure
the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; it is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
27
visual fields
The area simultaneously visible to one eye without movement
28
hemoptysis
coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway.
29
anisocoria
A condition in which the left and right pupils of the eyes are not of equal size
30
orthopnea
dyspnea that is relieved in the upright position
31
dwarf
An abnormally undersized person with disproportion among the body parts
32
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
32
hyperpnea
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.
33
peristalsis
The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation.
34
dysphonia
Altered voice production
35
rubor
redness
36
empyema
Empyema is a condition in which pus and fluid from infected tissue collects in a body cavity
37
glaucoma
eye condition in which the fluid pressure inside the eye rises because of slowed fluid drainage from the eye
38
hematemesis
the vomiting of blood.
39
fovea
a tiny pit located in the macula of the retina that provides the clearest vision of all
40
Biot's respirations
a type of respiration associated with spinal meningitis and other central nervous system disorders; respirations are faster and deeper than normal, interspersed with abrupt pauses in breathing
41
manubrium
The upper segment of the sternum with which the clavicle and the first two pairs of ribs articulate
43
Aphthous ulcer
A small sensitive painful ulcer crater in the lining of the mouth. Commonly called a canker sore
44
myxedema
A disease caused by decreased activity of the thyroid gland in adults and characterized by dry skin, swellings around the lips and nose, mental deterioration, and a subnormal basal metabolic rate.
44
Stenson's ducts
duct of the parotid salivary gland - pathway of saliva from parotid gland to mouth
46
ballottement
a technique of palpating an organ or floating structure by bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound
46
sclera
The tough white outer coat over the eyeball that covers approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface
47
striae
a band, line, streak, or stripe.
48
sternal angle
the angle between the sternum and manubrium
48
thrombosis
Formation of a clot in the blood that either blocks, or partially blocks a blood vessel
49
rhinorrhea
persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose
50
dolor
pain
51
Interdental papillae
gum tissue between the teeth
52
pterygium
a winglike structure, especially an abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea
53
aphasia
Impaired or absent comprehension or production of, or communication by, speech, reading, writing, or signs, caused by an acquired lesion of the dominant cerebral hemisphere
54
turbinates
any of the nasal concha
56
emphysema
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease where there is over-inflation of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, causing a decrease in lung function, and often, breathlessness
57
strabismus
condition in which the eyes don't look toward an object together
58
patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart defect that occurs when the ductus arteriosus (the temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery) does not close at birth
59
viscus
any large interior organ in any of the great body cavities, especially those in the abdomen
60
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing
62
bronchophony
An exaggerated vocal resonance that can be heard over a bronchus that is surrounded by consolidated lung tissue
64
glossitis
can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface,
65
lacrimal punctum
minute circular opening of the lacrimal duct on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. drains tears from the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal duct in the same eyelid. The tears then pass to the lacrimal sac and into the nasolacrimal duct
65
tic
A habitual spasmodic muscular movement or contraction
66
brawny edema
A change typical of chronic venous insufficiency, which is characterised by thickening, induration, liposclerosis and non-pitting oedema; the brawny color is due to hemosiderin from lysed RBCs
66
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax is a collection of air or gas in the chest or pleural space that causes part or all of a lung to collapse.
67
tachycardia
Rapid beating of the heart, conventionally applied to rates over 100 beats per minute
69
Homan’s sign
Pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with the knee bent), indicative of incipient or established thrombosis in the veins of the leg
70
embolism
an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream
72
Bell's palsy
Paralysis of the nerve that supplies the facial muscles on one side of the face (the seventh cranial nerve, or facial nerve)
73
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness and swelling
74
Cheilitis
inflammation of the lips
75
melena
The passage of black tarlike stools containing blood that has been acted on by the intestinal juices
77
coarctation
narrowing
78
Marcus Gunn
eyes react to light but don’t accommodate
79
mydriasis
dilatation of the pupil
80
goiter
A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency
81
Caries
Dental cavities in the two outer layers of a tooth
81
pyrexia
fever
82
guarding
A spasm of muscles that minimizes the motion or agitation of sites that are affected by injury or disease.
83
borborygmi
a rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines
84
preload
the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
85
tinnitus
A sound in one ear or both ears, such as buzzing, ringing, or whistling, occurring without an external stimulus
86
miosis
Contraction of the pupil
87
venous hum
a continuous blowing, singing, or humming murmur heard on auscultation over the right jugular vein in the sitting or erect position
88
Kussmaul respiration
Deep, rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic acidosis or other conditions causing acidosis
89
hematuria
blood (erythrocytes) in the urine
89
pericardial friction rub
the rubbing together of inflamed membranes of the pericardium, as may occur in pericarditis or after a myocardial infarction
91
atrioventricular node
a collection of Purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium of the right atrium, continuous with the atrial muscle fibers and atrioventricular bundle; it receives the cardiac impulses from the sinoatrial node and passes them on to the ventricles
92
hematochezia
the passage of red blood through the rectum
94
edema
At the gross level, used to describe the physical sign commonly likened to swelling or increased girth that often accompanies the accumulation of fluid in a body part, most often a limb
95
costal
Relating to a rib
97
Amaurosis fugax
A symptom described as a shade coming down over the eye. A partial or complete loss of sight that is temporary
98
amblyopia
Partial or complete loss of vision in one eye caused by conditions that affect the normal development of vision
98
rigors
rigidity
99
hypothyroidism
Insufficient production of thyroid hormones - may lead to myxedema
100
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
respiratory distress that awakens patients from sleep, related to posture (especially reclining at night), attributed to congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema or sometimes to chronic pulmonary disease
101
calor
heat
102
arterial insufficiency
inadequate blood flow in arteries
103
lymphedema
chronic swelling of a part due to accumulation of interstitial fluid (non-pitting edema) secondary to obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes
104
antecubital
Anterior to the elbow
105
dysarthria
A disturbance of speech due to emotional stress, to brain injury, or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used for speaking
105
pulsus bisferiens
an arterial pulse with two strong peaks
106
CN III palsy
Lid lag and large pupil
108
macrocephaly
An abnormally large head
109
Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver is performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed. It is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the condition of the heart and is sometimes done as a treatment to correct abnormal heart rhythms or relieve chest pain
110
naris
external opening into the nasal cavity; singular for nares
111
pulsus paradoxus
an exaggeration of the normal variation in the systemic arterial pulse volume with respiration, becoming weaker with inspiration and stronger with expiration; characteristic of cardiac tamponade
112
colic
persistent, unexplained crying in a healthy baby between two weeks and five months of age
112
Prognathism
large protruding jaw
114
jugular venous pressure
blood pressure in the jugular vein, which reflects the volume and pressure of venous blood.
115
bradypnea
Abnormal slowness of respiration
116
thrombophlebitis
the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation
118
photophobia
An abnormal sensitivity to or intolerance of light
119
pleura
The thin serous membrane that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.
120
tachypnea
Rapid breathing
122
Koplik's spots
spots pathognomonic for measles (morbilli), occurring before the skin eruption and seen on the buccal mucous membrane. In strong light, they appear as small red dots with a central bluish-white speck
123
presbyopia
The loss of the eye's ability to change focus to see near objects
124
fremitus
a vibration felt on palpation
125
Nares
nostrils
125
papilledema
Swelling of the head of the optic nerve, a sign of increased intracranial pressure. The optic nerve head, also called the optic disk or papilla, is the area where the optic nerve enters the eyeball
126
buccal
Of or relating to the cheeks or the mouth cavity
128
pinnae
The outer projecting portion of the ear.
130
afferent pupillary defects
an eye condition where one eye is less sensitive to light, and will not contract as sharply in response to light as the unaffected eye. This can be a sign of optic nerve damage, tumor, glaucoma, and a number of other eye issues. A doctor can identify an afferent pupillary defect with the swinging light test, where she moves a light rapidly back and forth between the eyes to monitor the pupillary response
132
macroglossia
large tongue
133
gangrene
the decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by a lack of blood supply
134
Eustachian tube
A slender tube that connects the tympanic cavity with the nasal part of the pharynx and serves to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum.
135
bruit
An abnormal sound heard in auscultation
136
stomatitis
Inflammation of the mucous tissue of the mouth
137
sphygmomanometer
An instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries, especially one consisting of a pressure gauge and a rubber cuff that wraps around the upper arm and inflates to constrict the arteries
138
torticollis
A contracted state of the neck muscles
139
costochondral
pertaining to a rib and its cartilage
140
orthostatic hypotension
a form of low blood pressure that occurs in a standing posture
141
hypothermia
A body temperature significantly less than 98.6°F (37°C)
142
nicking
A localized constriction in blood vessels of the retina of the eye
143
vermilion border
the normally sharp demarcation between the lip (red colored) and the adjacent normal skin
145
diopter
unit of measurement of the optical power
146
flatus
gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract
148
afterload
the load, or resistance, against which the left ventricle must eject its volume of blood during contraction. The resistance is produced by the volume of blood already in the vascular system and by the constriction of the vessel walls
149
sinus node
the mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that normally acts as the "pacemaker" of the cardiac conduction system
151
lingual frenulum
the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth.
152
stenosis
an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal
153
stroke volume
the volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat of the heart, equal to the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume
154
McBurney’s point
A point above the anterior superior spine of the ilium, located on a straight line joining that process and the umbilicus, where pressure of the finger elicits tenderness in acute appendicitis
155
cachectic
A general weight loss and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance.
156
pulsus alternans
a pulse regular in time but with alternate beats stronger and weaker, often detectable only with the sphygmomanometer or other pressure measurement and usually indicating serious myocardial disease.
157
aqueous humor
the fluid normally present in the front and rear chambers of the eye. It is a clear, watery fluid that flows between and nourishes the lens and the cornea; it is secreted by the ciliary processes.
158
Dichromacy
term for red and green color blindess, more common in males
160
ptosis
A drooping or sagging of the eyelid
161
malocclusion
malignment of the teeth
162
epistaxis
nosebleed
163
bradycardia
Slowness of the heartbeat, usually defined (by convention) as a rate under 60 beats/minute
164
retina
the innermost tunic of the eyeball, containing the neural elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli
165
bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs, including the windpipe or trachea and the larger air tubes of the lung that bring air in from the trachea
166
diplopia
double vision
167
Wharton's ducts
the duct that drains the submandibular gland and opens at the sublingual caruncle
168
thrill
a vibration felt by the examiner on palpation
169
palpitations
Forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the patient
