Vocabulary

Question 1

isotopes

Answer 1

atoms with different number of neutrons

Question 2

ions

Answer 2

lost or gained electrons (positive = cations, negative = anions)

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

equal to the number of protons, defines the element

Question 4

atomic mass

Answer 4

equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 5

beta radiation

Answer 5

medium radiation, an electron (^0 -1e) is ejected and a neutron becomes a proton

Question 5

alpha radiation

Answer 5

weakest radiation, a helium nucleus ( ^4 2He ) is emitted

Question 6

energy levels

Answer 6

ring on a Bohr model

Question 6

gamma radiation

Answer 6

strongest radiation, a high energy photon ( ^0 0Y) is emitted

Question 7

orbitals

Answer 7

region of space where you are most likely to find an electron

Question 8

valence electrons

Answer 8

electrons on the outermost ring

Question 9

hund’s rule

Answer 9

electrons spread out in an orbital type before they pair up

Question 10

aufbau principle

Answer 10

electrons occupy lower energy levels first

Question 11

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 11

electrons in an orbital must have opposite spins

Question 12

metals

Answer 12

left side of PT, luster, malleable, ductile, good conductors

Question 13

metalloids

Answer 13

along stair step line of PT, mixed properties

Question 13

non metals

Answer 13

top right of PT, brittle, various colors, poor conductors

Question 14

group vs period

Answer 14

Group- column on PT, have similar properties and same # valence electrons
Period - row on PT, have same number of energy levels and shielding electrons

Question 15

alkali metal

Answer 15

group 1, very reactive metals, react with water

Question 16

akaline earth metals

Answer 16

group 2, reactive metals

Question 17

transition metals

Answer 17

groups 3-12, less reactive metals, charges can vary

Question 18

halogens

Answer 18

group 17, very reactive nonmetals

Question 19

noble gases

Answer 19

group 18, inert (nonreactive) nonmetals

Question 20

atomic radius

Answer 20

refers to size of an atom, francium is biggest

Question 21

ionization energy

Answer 21

energy required to remove an electron, helium has the highest

Question 22

electronegativity

Answer 22

ability of an atom to attract an electron, fluorine has the highest

Question 23

ionic bond

Answer 23

between metal and nonmetal, high melting points, conduct electricity

Question 24

covalent bond

Answer 24

between nonmetals, low melting points, do not conduct electricity

Question 25

empirical formula

Answer 25

simplest formula, show ratio of elements

Question 26

molecular formula

Answer 26

shows what’s actually in the molecule

Question 27

polar

Answer 27

polar is an unequal sharing of electrons (electrons on the central atom)

Question 28

nonpolar

Answer 28

nonpolar is an equal sharing of electrons

Question 29

accuracy

Answer 29

accuracy refers to how correct you are

Question 30

precision

Answer 30

precision refers to how close together your measurements are

Question 31

Ph -turn litmus paper red

Answer 31

potential of hydrogen

Question 32

POh -turn litmus paper blue

Answer 32

potential of hydroxide

Question 33

Polar

Answer 33

non soluble

Question 34

non polar

Answer 34

soluble