Vocabulary

Question 1

mental imagery

Answer 1

seeing in the mind’s eye or hearing in the mind’s ear in the absence of a stimulus.

Question 2

pretense

Answer 2

symbolic actions seen in play that mimic real situations

Question 3

solitary symbolic play

Answer 3

first level of pretense

Question 4

collective symbolism

Answer 4

second level of pretense

Question 5

deferred imitation

Answer 5

the ability to recall and later imitate someone’s behavior

Question 6

articulation

Answer 6

a person’s ability to pronounce words that can be understood by others.

Question 7

bilingual

Answer 7

fluent in two languages

Question 8

monolingual

Answer 8

speakers of one language

Question 9

grammar

Answer 9

the study of word usage and order in a given language

Question 10

open-ended questions

Answer 10

questions that require a descriptive response

Question 11

closed-ended questions

Answer 11

questions that require a one or two word response

Question 12

intonation

Answer 12

the rise and fall of a person’s voice while speaking

Question 13

gender identity

Answer 13

the ability to label self and others as male and female

Question 14

self-esteem

Answer 14

feelings of worth

Question 15

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 15

toddlers are tasked with achieving self-governance, and failing to achieve that makes them feel ashamed and not worthy.

Question 16

temper tantrum

Answer 16

a sudden emotional outburst of anger

Question 17

delay gratification

Answer 17

wait until later to get what is wanted

Question 18

self-assertion

Answer 18

doing as one chooses rather than what others want

Question 19

self-restraint

Answer 19

the ability to control oneself

Question 20

obedience

Answer 20

acting within the limits set by others

Question 21

premoral

Answer 21

not self-guided by internal values

Question 22

social referencing

Answer 22

evaluating how to respond to a situation by getting a social cue from a more experienced person