Vocabulary Flashcards
(1068 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal
A
pertaining tot he cavity or area in the front of the body and containing the stomach, the small intestine, part of the large intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, and the spleen.
2
Q
Abduction
A
movement away from the midline
3
Q
Abrasion
A
injury caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
4
Q
absorption
A
act or process of sucking up or in; taking in of nutrients
5
Q
abuse
A
any care that results in physical harm or pain, or mental anguish
6
Q
Accelerator
A
a chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction; a catalyst
7
Q
acceptance
A
the process of receiving or taking; approval; belief
8
Q
accreditation
A
process where an educational program is recognized and/or approved for meeting and maintaining standards that qualify its graduates for professional practice
9
Q
acculturation
A
process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture and assuming some of the characteristics
10
Q
acidosis
A
a pathological condition resulting from a disturbance in the acid-base balance in the blood and body tissues
11
Q
activities of daily living (ADL)
A
daily activities necessary to meet basic human needs, for example, feeding, dressing, and elimination
12
Q
acupuncture
A
puncturing the skin at specific points with thin needles to relieve pain and/or treat disease
13
Q
acute
A
lasting a short period of time but relatively severe (for example, and acute illness)
14
Q
addiction
A
state of being controlled by a habit, as can happen with alcohol and drugs
15
Q
adduction
A
movement toward the midline
16
Q
adenitis
A
inflammation of a gland or lymph node
17
Q
adipose
A
fatty tissue; fat
18
Q
adolescence
A
period of development from 12 to 18 years of age; teenage years
19
Q
adrenal
A
one of two endocrine glands located on above each kidney
20
Q
advance directive
A
a legal document designed to indicate a person’s wishes regarding care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process
21
Q
aerobic
A
requiring oxygen to live and grow
22
Q
afebrile
A
without a fever
23
Q
affection
A
a warm or tender feeling toward another; fondness
24
Q
agar plate
A
special laboratory dish contain agar, a gelatinous colloidal extract of a red alga, which is used to provide nourishment for growth of organisms.
25
agent
someone who has the power or authority to act as the representative of another
26
agglutination
clumping together, as in the clumping together of red blood cells
27
air compressor
machine that provides air under pressure; used in dental areas to provide air pressure to operate hand pieces and air pieces.
28
albino
absence of all color pigments
29
alginate
irreversible, hydrocolloid, dental impression material
30
alignment
positioning and supporting the body so that all body parts are in correct anatomical position
31
alimentary canal
the digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum
32
alopecia
baldness
33
alternative therapy
method of treatment used in place of biomedical therapies
34
alveolar process
bone tissue of the maxilla and mandible that contains alveoli (sockets) for the roots of the teeth
35
alveoli
microscopic air sacs in the lungs
36
Alzheimer's disease
progressive, irreversible disease involving memory loss, disorientation, deterioration of intellectual function, and speech and gait disturbances
37
amalgam
alloy (mixture) of various metals and mercury; restorative or filling material used primarily on posterior teeth
38
ambulate
to walk
39
amino acid
the basic component of proteins
40
amputation
the cutting off or separation of a body part from the body
41
anaerobic
not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absence of oxygen
42
analgesia
the state of inability to feel pain yet still being conscious
43
anaphylactic shock
an extreme, sometimes fatal, allergic reaction or sensitivity to a specific antigen, such as a medication, insect sting, or specific food
44
anatomy
the study of the structure of an organism
45
anemia
disease caused by lack of iron or an insufficient number of red blood cells
46
anesthesia
the state of inability to feel sensation, especially the sensation of pain
47
anorexia
loss of appetite
48
anorexia nervosa
psychological disorder involving loss of appetite and excessive weight loss not caused by a physical disease
49
anoxia
without oxygen; synonymous with suffocation
50
antecubital
the space located on the inner part of the arm and near the elbow
51
anterior
before or in front of
52
anterior teeth
teeth located toward the front of the mouth; includes incisor and cuspids
53
antibody
substance, usually a protein, formed by the body to produce an immunity to an antigen or pathogen
54
antibody screen
test that checks for antibodies in the blood prior to a transfusion
55
anticoagulant
substance the prevents clotting of the blood
56
antigen
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies; may be introduced into the body or formed within the body
57
antioxidants
enzymes or organic molecules; help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
58
antisepsis
aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores and viruses
59
anuria
without urine; producing no urine
60
aorta
largest artery in the body; carries blood away from the heart
61
aortic valve
flap or cusp located between the left ventricle of the hart and the aorta
62
apathy
indifference; lack of emotion
63
apex
the pointed extremity of a cone like structure; the rounded, lower end of the heart, below the ventricles; the bottom tip of a tooth
64
aphasia
language impairment; loss of ability to comprehend or speak normally
65
apical foramen
the opening in the apex of a tooth; allows nerves and blood vessels to enter tooth
66
apical pulse
pulse taken with a stethoscope and near the apex of the heart
67
apnea
absence of respirations; temporary cessation of respirations
68
apoplexy
a stroke; see cerebrovascular accident
69
appendicular skeleton
the bones that form the limbs or extremities of the body
70
aquathermia pad
temperature-controlled unit that circulates warm liquid through a pad to provide dry heat
71
aqueous humor
watery liquid that circulates in the anterior chamber of the eye
72
aromatherapy
use of natural scents and smells to promote heath and well being
73
arrhythmia
irregular or abnormal rhythm, usually referring to the heart rhythm
74
arterial
pertaining to an artery
75
arteriole
smallest branch of an artery; vessel that connects arteries to capillaries
76
arteriosclerosis
hardening and/or narrowing of the walls of arteries
77
artery
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
78
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
79
asepsis
being free from infection
80
aspirate
to remove by suction
81
aspirating syringe
special dental anesthetic syringe designed to hold carpules or cartridges of medication
82
aspiration
process of inhaling food, fluid, or a foreign substance into the respiratory tract
83
assault
physical or verbal attack on another person; treatment or care given to a person without obtaining proper consent
84
assistant
level of occupational proficiency where an individual can work in an occupation after a period of education or on the job training
85
associate degree
degree awarded by a vocational-technical school or community college after successful completion of a two-year course of study or its equivalent
86
astigmatism
defect or blurring of vision caused by irregularity of the cornea of the eye
87
atherosclerosis
for of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of fats or mineral deposits on the inner walls of the arteries
88
atrium
also called an auricle; an upper chamber of the heart
89
atrophy
wasting away of tissue; decrease in size
90
audiologist
individual specializing in diagnosis and treatment of hearing disorders
91
audiometer
instrument used to test hearing and determine hearing defects
92
auditory acuity
ability to perceive and comprehend sounds waves; hearing
93
aural temperature
measurement of body temperature at the tympanic membrane in the ear
94
auricle
also called the pinna; external part of the ear
95
auscultation
process of listening for sounds in the body
96
autoclave
piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam under pressure and/or dry heat
97
automated external defibrillator (AED)
machine used to assess the heart rhythm and provide and electronic shock to restore normal heart rhythm
98
autonomic nervous system
that division of the nervous system concerned with reflex, or involuntary, activities of the body
99
autopsy
examination of the body after death to determine the cause of death
100
avulsion
a wound that occurs when tissue is separated from the body
101
axial skeleton
the bones of the skull, rib cage, and spinal column; the bones that form the trunk of the body
102
axilla
armpit; that area of the body under the arm
103
Ayer blade
wooden or plastic blade used to scrape cells from the cervix of the uterus; used for Pap tests
104
Bachelors degree
degree awarded by a college or university after a person has completed a four-year course of study or its equivalent
105
bacteria
one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease
106
bandage
material used to hold dressing in place, secure splints, and support and protect body parts
107
bandage scissors
special scissors with a blunt lower end used to remove dressings and bandages
108
Bartholin's glands
two small mucous glands near the vaginal opening
109
basal metabolism
the amount of energy needed to maintain life when the subject is at complete rest
110
base
protective (dental) material place over the pulpal area of a tooth to reduce irritation and thermal shock
111
base of support
standing with feet 8-10 inches apart to provide better balance
112
battery
unlawfully touching another person without that persons consent
113
bed cradle
a device placed on a bed to keep the top bed linens from contacting the legs and feet
114
benign
not malignant or cancerous
115
bias
a preference that inhibits impartial judgment
116
bicuspids
also called premolars; the teeth that pulverize or grind food and are located between cuspids and molars
117
bifurcated
having two roots (as in teeth)
118
bile
liver secretion that is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the emulsification of fats during digestion
119
binders
devices applied to hold dressings in place, provided support, apply pressure, or limit motion
120
bioethics
branch of medicine concerned with moral issues resulting from technologic advances and medical research
121
biohazardous
contaminated with blood or body fluid and having the potential to transmit disease
122
biopsy
excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination
123
bite-wing
also called cavity-detecting x-ray; a dental radiograph that shows only the crowns of the teeth
124
bladder
membranous sac or storage area for a secretion (gallbladder); also, the vesicle that acts as the reservoir for urine
125
bland diet
diet containing only mild-flavored foods with soft textures
126
blood
fluid that circulates through the vessels in the body to carry substances to all body parts
127
blood pressure
measurement of the force exerted by the heart against the arterial walls when the heart contracts (beats) and relaxes
128
blood smear
a drop of blood spread thinly on a slide for microscopic examination
129
bloodborne
an infectious disease or pathogenic organism that is transmitted through blood
130
body mechanics
the way in which the body moves and maintains balance; proper body mechanics involves the most efficient use of all body parts.
131
bolus
food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva
132
bowel
the intestines
133
Bowman's capsule
part of the renal corpuscle in the kidney; picks up substances filtered from the body by the glomerulus
134
brachial
pertaining to the brachial artery in the arm, which is used to measure blood pressure
135
bradycardia
slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute
136
brain
soft mass of nerve tissue inside the cranium
137
bronchi
two main branches of the trachea; air tubes to and from the lungs
138
bronchioles
small branches of the bronchi; carry air in the lungs
139
buccal surface
outside surface of the posterior teeth; surface facing the cheek; facial surface of bicuspids and molars
140
buffer period
period of time kept open on an appointment schedule to allow for emergencies, telephone calls, and other unplanned situations
141
bulimarexia
psychological condition in which a person eat excessively then uses laxatives or vomits to get rid of the food.
142
bulimia
psychological condition in which a person alternately eats excessively and then fasts or refuses to eat
143
burn
injury to body tissue caused by heat, caustics, radiation, and/or electricity.
144
burs
small, rotating instruments of various types; used in dental hand pieces to prepare cavities for filling with restorative materials.
145
calcaneus
large tarsal bone that forms the heel
146
calculus
also called tartar; hard, calcium-like deposit that forms on the teeth; a stone that forms in various parts of the body from a variety of different substances
147
calorie
unit of measurement of the fuel value of food
148
cancer
a group of diseases caused by abnormal cell division and/or growth
149
cane
a rod used as an aid in walking
150
capillary
tiny blood vessel that connect arterioles and venules and allows for exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the body cells
151
carbohydrate-controlled diet
diet in which the number and types of carbohydrates are restricted or limited
152
carbohydrates
group of chemical substances including sugars, cellulose, and starches; nutrients that provide the greatest amount of energy in the average diet
153
carcinogen
any cancer-causing substance
154
carcinoma
malignant (cancerous) tumor of connective tissue
155
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
156
cardiac arrest
sudden and unexpected stoppage of heart action
157
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
158
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
procedure of providing oxygen and chest compressions to a victim whose heart has stopped beating
159
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
160
caries
tooth decay, an infections disease that destroys tooth tissue
161
carious lesion
an occurrence of tooth decay
162
carpal
bone of the wrist
163
carpule
a glass cartridge that contains a premeasured amount of anesthetic solution; used for dental anesthesia
164
catalyst
a chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction; an accelerator
165
cataract
condition of the eye where the lens become cloudy or opaque, leading to blindness
166
catheter
a rubber, metal, or other type of tube that is passed into a body cavity and used for injecting or removing fluids
167
caudal
pertaining to any tail or tail-like structure
168
cavitation
the cleaning process employed in an ultrasonic unit; bubbles explode to drive cleaning solution onto article being cleaned
169
cavity
a hollow space, such as a body cavity (which contains oxygen) or a hole in a tooth
170
cell
mass of protoplasm; the basic unit of structure of all animals and plants
171
cell membrane
outer, protective, semipermeable covering of a cell
172
cellulose
fibrous form of carbohydrate
173
cement
dental material used to seal inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances in place
174
cementum
hard, bonelike tissue that covers the outside of the root of a tooth
175
central nervous system
the division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
176
centrifuge
a machine that uses centrifugal (driving away from the center) force to separate heavier materials from lighter ones
177
centrosome
that are of cell cytoplasm that contains two centrioles; important in reproduction of the cell
178
cerebellum
the section of the brain that is dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata; maintains balance and equilibrium
179
cerebrospinal fluid
watery, clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
180
cerebrovascular accident
also called a stroke or apoplexy; an interrupted supply of blood to the brain, caused by formation of a clot, blockage of an artery, or rupture of a blood vessel
181
cerebrum
largest section of brain; involved in sensory interpretation and voluntary muscle activity
182
certification
the issuing of a statement or certificate by a professional organization to a person who has met the requirements of education and/or experience and who meets the standards set by the organization
183
cervical
pertaining to the neck portion of the spinal column or to the lower part of the uterus
184
chain of infection
factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease
185
character
the quality of respirations (for example, deep, shallow, or labored)
186
charge slip
a record on which charges or costs for services are listed
187
chemical
the method of aseptic control in which substances or solutions are used to disinfect articles; does not always kill spores and viruses
188
chemical abuse
use of chemical substances without regard for accepted practice; dependence on alcohol or drugs
189
chemotherapy
treatment of a disease by way of chemical agents
190
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
periods of difficult breathing (dyspnea) followed by periods of no respirations (apnea)
191
chiropractic
system of treatment based on manipulation of the spinal column and other body structures
192
cholelithiasis
condition of stones in the gallbladder
193
cholesterol
fatlike substance synthesized in the liver and found in body cells and animal fats
194
choroid
middle or vascular layer of the eye, between the sclera and retina
195
chromatin network
that structure in the nucleus of a cell that contains chromosomes with genes, which carry inherited characteristics
196
chronic
lasting a long period of time; reoccurring
197
cilia
hair-like projections
198
circumduction
moving in a circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary
199
clavicle
collarbone
200
clean
free from organisms causing disease
201
clear-liquid diet
diet containing only water-based liquids; nutritionally inadequate
202
client
person receiving service or care; a patient in health care
203
clinic
institution that provides care for outpatients; a group of specialists working in cooperation
204
closed bed
bed that is made following the discharge of a patient
205
coccyx
the tailbone; lowest bones of the vertebral column
206
cochlea
snail-shaped section of the inner ear; contains the organ of Corti for hearing
207
colon
the large intestine
208
colostomy
an artificial opening into the colon; allows for the evacuation of feces
209
communicable disease
disease the is transmitted from one individual to another
210
compensation
something given or received as an equivalent for a loss, service, or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success
211
competent
able, capable
212
complementary therapy
method of treatment used in conjunction with biomedical therapies
213
complete bed bath
a bath in which all parts of a patients body are bathed while the patient is confined to bed
214
composite
the dental restorative or filling material used most frequently on anterior teeth
215
compress
a folded wet or dry cloth applied firmly to a body part
216
computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
teaching method in which a computer and computer programs are used to control the learning process and deliver the instructional material to the learner
217
computerized tomography (CT)
a scanning and detection system that uses a minicomputer and display screen to visualize an internal portion of the human body; formerly known as CAT (computerized axial tomography)
218
concave
curved inward; depressed
219
confidential
not to be shared or told; to be held in confidence, or kept to oneself
220
congenital
present at birth (as in a congenital defect)
221
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior part of the sclera of the eye
222
connective tissue
body of tissue that connects, supports, or binds body organs
223
constipation
difficulty emptying the bowel; infrequent bowel movements
224
constrict
to contract or narrow; to make smaller
225
consultation
process of seeking information or advice from another person
226
contagious
easily spread; communicable
227
contamination
containing infection or infections organisms or germs
228
contra angle
attachment used on dental hand pieces to cut and polish
229
contract
to shorten, decrease in size, or draw together; an agreement between two or more persons
230
contracture
tightening or shortening of a muscle
231
contusion
an injury that results in a hemorrhage (bleeding) beneath intact skin; a bruise
232
conventional-speed hand piece
low-speed hand piece in dental units; used to remove cavities and for fine-finishing work
233
convex
curved outward; projected
234
convulsion
also called a seizure; a violent involuntary contraction of muscles
235
cornea
the transparent section of the sclera; allows light rays to enter the eye
236
cortex
the outer layer of an organ or structure
237
cost containment
procedures used to control costs or expenses
238
Cowper's gland
the pair of small mucous glands near the male urethra
239
cranial
pertaining to the skull or cranium
240
cranium
part of the skull; the eight bones of the head that enclose the brain
241
cross index/reference
a paper or card used in filing systems to prevent misplacement or loss of records
242
cross-match
a blood test that checks the compatibility of the donor's blood and the recipient's blood before a transfusion
243
crown
the anatomical portion of a tooth that is exposed in the oral cavity, above the gingiva, or gums
244
crust
a scab; outer covering or coat
245
crutches
artificial supports that assist a patient in walking
246
cryotherapy
use of cold applications for treatment
247
culture
values, beliefs, ideas, customs, and characteristics passed from one generation to the next
248
culture specimen
a sample of microorganisms or tissue cells taken from an area of the body for examination
249
cuspid
also called a canine or eyetooth, the type of tooth located at angle of lips and used to tear food
250
custom tray
dental impression tray specially made to fit a particular patient's mouth
251
cyanosis
bluish color of the skin, nail beds, and/or lips due to an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood
252
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
253
cystoscope
instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder
254
cytoplasm
the fluid inside a cell; contains water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and salts
255
dangling
positioning the patient in a sitting position with his or her feet and legs over the side of the bed prior to abulation
256
day sheet
a daily record listing all financial transactions and/or patients seen
257
deciduous teeth
also called primary teeth, the first set of 20 teeth
258
deduction
something subtracted or taken out (for example, monies taken out of a paycheck for various purposes)
259
defamation
slander or libel; a false statement that causes ridicule or damage to reputation
260
defecation
evacuation of fecal material from the bowel; a bowel movement
261
defense mechanism
physical or psychological reaction of an organism used in self-defense or to protect self -image
262
defibrillate
use of an electronic shock to restore normal heart rhythm
263
dehydration
insufficient amounts of fluid in the tissues
264
delirium
acute, reversible mental confusion caused by illness, medical problems, and/or medications
265
delusion
a false belief
266
dementia
loss of mental ability characterized by decrease in intellectual ability, loss of memory, impaired judgment, and disorientation
267
denial
declaring untrue; refusing to believe
268
dental chair
special chair designed to position a patient comfortably while providing easy access to the patients oral cavity
269
dental hygienist
a licensed individual who works with a dentist to provide care and treatment for the teeth and gums
270
dental light
light used in dental units to illuminate the oral cavity
271
dentin
tissue that makes up the main bulk of a tooth
272
dentist
a doctor who specializes in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases of the teeth and gums
273
dentition
the number, type, and arrangement of teeth in the mouth
274
denture
an entire set of teeth; usually refers to artificial teeth designed to replace natural teeth
275
depression
psychological condition of sadness, melancholy, gloom or despair
276
dermis
the skin
277
development
changes in the intellectual, mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time
278
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease caused by an insufficient secretion or utilization of insulin and leading to an increased amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and urine
279
diabetic coma
an unconscious condition caused by an increased level of glucose (sugar) and ketones in the bloodstream of a person with diabetes mellitus
280
diagnosis
determination of the nature of a persons disease
281
dialysis
removal of urine substances from the blood by way of passing solutes through a membrane
282
diaphoresis
profuse or excessive perspiration, or sweating
283
diaphysis
the shaft, or middle section, of a long bone
284
diarrhea
frequent bowel movements with watery stool
285
diastole
period of relaxation of the heart
286
diastolic pressure
measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is at rest; measurement of the constant pressure in arteries
287
diathermy
treatment with heat
288
diencephalon
the section of the brain between the cerebrum and midbrain; contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
289
dietitian
an individual who specializes in the science of diet and nutrition
290
differential count
blood test that determines the percentage of each kind of leukocyte (white blood cell)
291
digestion
physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption
292
digital
pertaining to fingers or toes; examination with the fingers
293
dilate
enlarge or expand; to make bigger
294
direct smear
a culture specimen placed on a slide for microscopic examination
295
disability
a physical or mental handicap that interferes with normal function; incapacitated, incapable
296
discretion
ability to use good judgment and self-restraint in speech or behavior
297
disease
any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body
298
disinfection
aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses
299
dislocation
displacement of a bone at a joint
300
disorientation
confusion with regard to the identity of time, place, or person
301
displacement
defense mechanism in which feelings about one person are transferred to someone else
302
distal
most distant or farthest from the trunk; center or midline
303
distal surface
side surface of teeth that is toward the back of the mouth, or away from the midline of the mouth
304
diuretics
drugs that increase urinary output, "water pills"
305
doctorate
degree awarded by a college or university after completion of a prescribed course of study beyond a bachelor's or mater's degree
306
dorsal
pertaining to the back; in back of
307
dorsal recumbent position
the patient lies on the back with the knees flexed and separated; used for vaginal and pelvic examinations
308
dressing
covering placed over a wound or injured part
309
dry cold
application that provides cold temperature but is dry against the skin
310
dry heat
application that provides warm temperature but is dry against the skin
311
duodenum
first part of the small intestine; connects the pylorus of the stomach and the jejunum
312
dysepsia
difficulty in digesting food; indigestion
313
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
314
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
315
dysrhythmia
an abnormal rhythm in the electrical activity of the brain or heart
316
dystrophy
progressive weakening (atrophy) of a body part, such as a muscle
317
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
318
early adulthood
period of development from 19 to 40years of age
319
early childhood
period of development from 1 to 6 years of age
320
echocardiography
a diagnostic test that uses ultra-high-frequency sound waves to evaluate the structure and function of the hear
321
edema
swelling; excess amount of fluid in the tissues
322
electrocardiogram (ECG)
graphic recording of the brain waves or electrical activity in the brain
323
emblem
a symbol; identifying badge, design, or device
324
embolus
a blood clot or mass of material circulating in the blood vessels
325
embryo
unborn infant during the first 3 months of development
326
emesis
vomiting; expulsion of the contents of the stomach and/or intestine through the mouth and/or nose
327
emotional
pertaining to feelings or psychological states
328
empathy
identifying with another's feelings but being unable to change or solve the situation
329
enamel
hardest tissue in the body; covers the outside of the crown of a tooth
330
endocardium
serious membrane lining of the heart
331
endocrine
ductless gland that produces an internal secretion discharged into the blood or lymph
332
endodontics
branch of dentistry involving treatment of the pulp chamber and root canals of the teeth; root canal treatment
333
endogenous
infection or disease originating within the body
334
endometrium
mucous membrane lining of the inner surface of the uterus
335
endoplasmic reticulum
fine network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm of a cell; allows the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and aids in the synthesis and storage of protein
336
endorsement
a written signature on the back of a check; required in order to receive payment
337
endoscope
a lighted instrument used to examine the inside of the body
338
endosteum
membrane lining the medullary canal of a bone
339
enema
an injection of fluid into the large intestine through the rectum
340
enunciate
to speak clearly, using correct pronunciation
341
enuresis
bedwetting; loss of bladder control while sleeping
342
enzyme
a chemical substance that causes or increases the rate of a chemical reaction
343
epidemic
an infectious disease that affects a large number of people within a population, community, or region at the same time
344
epidemiology
the study of the history, cause, and spread of an infectious disease
345
epidermis
the outer layer of the skin
346
epididymis
tightly coiled tube in the scrotal sac; connects the testes with the vas deferens
347
epigastric
pertaining to the area of the abdomen abover the stomach
348
epiglottis
leaf-shaped structure that closes over the larynx during swallowing
349
epilepsy
a chronic disease of the nervous system characterized by motor and sensory dysfunction, sometimes accompanied by convulsions and unconsciousness
350
epiphysis
the end or head at the extremity of a long bone
351
epistaxis
nosebleed
352
epithelial tissue
tissue that forms the skin and parts of the secreting glands, and that lines the body cavities
353
ergonomics
an applied science used to promote the safety and well-being of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injuries
354
erythema
redness of the skin
355
erythrocyte
red blood cell (RBC)
356
erythrocyte count
blood test that counts the number of red blood cells (normally 4-6 million per cubic millimeter of blood)
357
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
blood test that determines the rate at which red blood cells settle out of the blood
358
esophagus
tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
359
essential nutrients
those elements in food required by the body for proper function
360
ethics
principles of right or good conduct
361
ethnicity
classification of people based on national origin and/or culture
362
ethnocentric
belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group
363
etiology
the study of the cause of a disease
364
eupnea
normal breathing pattern
365
Eustachian tube
tube that connects the middle ear and the pharynx, or throat
366
eversion
turning a body part outward
367
exacerbation
period of time during which the signs and symptoms of a chronic disease become more severe
368
excretion
process of eliminating waste products from the body
369
exocrine
gland with a duct that produces a secretion
370
exogenous
infection or disease originating outside of an external to the body
371
expectorate
to split; to expel mucus, phlegm, or sputum from the throat or respiratory passages
372
expiration
the expulsion of air from the lungs; breathing out air
373
extension
increasing the angle between two parts; straightening a limb
374
external auditory canal
passageway or tube extending from the auricle of the ear to the tympanic membrane
375
facial surface
the tooth surface nearest the lips or cheek; includes the labial and buccal surfaces
376
facsimile
machine that utilizes telephone lines to send messages and/or documents from one location to another location; a fax
377
fainting
partial or complete loss of consciousness caused by a temporary reduction in the supply of blood to the brain
378
Fallopian tubes
oviducts; in the female, passageway for the ova (egg) from the ovary to uterus
379
fanfold
folding in accordion pleats; done with bed lines
380
fascia
fibrous membrane covering, supporting and separating muscles
381
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
blood test that measures blood serum levels of glucose (sugar) after a person has had nothing by mouth for a period of time
382
fat
also called a lipid, nutrient that provides the most concentrated form of energy; highest-calorie energy nutrient; overweight
383
fat-restricted diet
diet with limited amounts of fats, or lipids
384
febrile
pertaining to a fever, or elevated body temperature
385
feces
also called stool; waste material discharged from the bowel
386
femur
thigh bone of the leg; the longest and strongest bone in the body
387
fertilization
conception; impregnation of the ovum by the sperm
388
fetus
unborn infant from the end of the third month of pregnancy until birth
389
fever
elevated body temperature, usually above 101 F, or 38.3 C, rectally
390
fibula
outer and smaller bone of the lower leg
391
field
a specific data category within a computer database, for example, the entry of address in a patient information database
392
filing
arranging in order
393
firewall
a software program or hardware device designed to prevent unauthorized access to a computer system
394
first aid
immediate care give to a victim of an injury or illness to minimize the effects of the injury or illness
395
flatus
air or gas in the intestines
396
flexion
decreasing the angle between two parts; bending a limb
397
formite
any substance or object that adheres to and transmits infectious material
398
fontanel
area between the cranial bones where the bones have not fused together, "soft spots" in the skull of an infant
399
foramina
a passage or opening, a hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
400
Fowler's position
the patient lies on the back with the head elevated at one of several different angles
401
fracture
a break (usually, a break in a bone or tooth)
402
frontal (coronal) plane
imaginary line that separates the body into a front section and back section
403
frostbite
actual freezing of tissue fluid resulting in damage to the skin and underlying tissue
404
full liquid diet
diet consisting of liquids and foods that are liquid at body temperature
405
fungi
group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dead organic matter (for example, yeast and molds)
406
gait
method or manner of walking
407
gait belt
a belt placed around a patients waist to assist with transfer and/or ambulation
408
gallbladder
small sac near the liver; concentrates and stores bile
409
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
410
gastrostomy
surgical opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach; used for inserting a feeding tube
411
generic name
chemical name of a drug; name not protected by a trademark
412
genes
the structures on chromosomes that carry inherited characteristics
413
genital
pertaining to the organs of reproduction
414
genome
the total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents
415
geriatrics, gerontology
the study of the aged or old age and treatment of related diseases and conditions
416
glaucoma
eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure
417
glomerulus
microscopic cluster of capillaries in Bowman's capsule of the nephron in the kidney
418
glucose meter
instrument used to measure blood-glucose (blood-sugar) level
419
glycosuria
presence of sugar in the urine
420
Golgi apparatus
that structure in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell
421
goniometer
an instrument that measures the angle of a joint's range of motion (ROM)
422
Gram's stain
technique of staining organisms to identify specific types of bacteria present
423
graphic chart
record used to record vital signs (for example, temperature, pulse, and respirations) and other information
424
groin
area between the abdomen and upper inner thigh
425
growth
measurable physical changes that occur throughout a persons life
426
gynecology
the study of diseases of women, especially those affecting the reproductive organs
427
halitosis
bad breath
428
hantavirus
a virus spread by contact with rodents (rats and mice) or their excretions
429
hard copy
computer term for a printed copy of information
430
hard plate
bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth
431
hardware
machine or physical components of a computer system (usually, the parts of the computer and the peripherals)
432
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
set of federal regulations adopted to protect the confidentiality of patient information and the ability to retain health insurance coverage
433
heat cramp
muscle pain and spasm resulting from exposure to heat and inadequate fluid and salt intake
434
heat exhaustion
condition resulting from exposure to head and excessive loss of fluid through sweating
435
heat stroke
medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to heat, resulting in high body temperature and failure of sweat glands
436
helminthes
a parasitic worm (for example, a tapeworm or leech)
437
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
438
hematocrit
blood test that measures the percentage of red blood cells per a given unit of blood
439
hematology
the study of blood and blood diseases
440
hematoma
a localized mass of blood
441
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
442
hematuria
blood in the urine
443
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
444
hemodialysis
mechanical method of circulating blood through semipermeable membranes to remove body wastes; procedure used for kidney failure
445
hemoglobin
the iron-containing protein of the red blood cells; serves to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
446
hemolysis
disintegration of red blood cells, causing cells to dissolve or go into solution
447
hemoptysis
spitting up blood; blood-stained sputum
448
hemorrhage
excessive loss of blood; bleeding
449
hemorrhoids
varicose veins of the anal canal or anus
450
hemostat
instrument used to compress (clamp) blood vessel to stop bleeding
451
heparin
a substance formed in the liver to prevent the clotting of blood; an anticoagulant
452
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
453
high-fiber diet
diet containing large amounts of fiver, or indigestible food
454
high-protein diet
diet containing large amounts of protein-rich foods
455
high-velocity oral evacuator
dental hand piece used to remove particles and large amounts of liquid from the oral cavity
456
histology
study of tissue
457
holistic health care
care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being
458
homeostasis
a constant state of natural balance within the body
459
hormone
chemical substance secreted by an organ or gland
460
HOSA
Health Occupations Students of America, a national organization fro students enrolled in health occupation programs
461
hospice
program designed to provide care for the terminally ill while allowing them to die with dignity
462
hospital
institution that provides medical or surgical care and treatment for the sick or injured
463
humerus
long bone of the upper arm
464
hydrocollator packs
gel-filled packs that are warmed in a water bath to provide a moist heat application
465
hygiene
principles for health preservation and disease prevention
466
hyperglycemia
presence of sugar in the blood; high blood sugar
467
hyperopia
farsightedness; defect in near vision
468
hyperpnea
an increased respiratory rate
469
hypertension
high blood pressure
470
hyperthermia
condition that occurs when body temperature exceeds 104 F, or 40 C, rectally
471
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
472
hypotension
low blood pressure
473
hypothalamus
that structure in the diencephalon of the brain that regulates and controls many body function
474
hypothermia
condition in which the body temperature is below normal, usually below 95F and often in the range of 78-95 F
475
hypothermia blanket
special blanket containing coils filled with a cooling solution; used to reduce high body temperature
476
hypoxia
without oxygen; a deficiency of oxygen
477
ice bag/ collar
plastic or rubber device filled with ice to provide dry-cold application
478
idiopathic
without recognizable cause; condition that is self-originating
479
ileostomy
a surgical opening connecting the ileum (small intestine) and the abdominal wall
480
ileum
final section of small intestine; connects the jejunum and large intestine
481
immunity
condition of being protected against a particular disease
482
impaction
a large, hard mass of fecal material lodged in the intestine or rectum; a tooth that does not erupt into the mouth
483
impression
negative reproduction of a tooth or dental arch
484
incisal surface
the cutting or biting surface of anterior teeth
485
incision
cut or wound of body tissue caused by a sharp object; a surgical cut
486
incisors
teeth located in the front and center of the mouth; used to cut food
487
incontinent
unable to voluntarily control urination or defecation
488
index
to put names in proper order for filing purposes
489
infancy
period of development from birth to 1 year of age
490
infarction
area of tissue that is necrotic (dead) after the cessation of a blood supply; death of tissue
491
infection
invasion by organisms; contamination by disease-producing organisms, or pathogens
492
inferior
below; under
493
inflammation
tissue reaction to injury characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain
494
informed consent
permission granted voluntarily by a person who is of sound mind and aware of all factors involved
495
ingestion
taking food, fluids, or medications into the body through the mouth
496
inguinal
pertaining to the region of the body where the thighs join the trunk; the groin
497
inhalation
breathing in
498
input
computer term for information that is entered into a computer
499
inquiry
search for information
500
insertion
end of area of a muscle that moved when the muscle contracts
501
inspiration
breathing in; taking air into the lungs
502
insulin
a hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; essential for the metabolism of glucose
503
insulin shock
condition that occurs in individuals with diabetes when there is an excess amount of insulin and a low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
504
insurance form
a form used to apply for payment by an insurance company
505
intake and output (I&O)
a record that notes all fluids taken in or eliminated by a person in a given period of time
506
integrative health care
a form of health care that uses both mainstream medical treatments and complementary and alternative therapies to treat a patient
507
integumentary
pertaining to the skin or a covering
508
interactive video
the color, sound, and motion of video technology integrated with computer-assisted instruction to create a new technology
509
intercostal
pertaining to the space between the ribs (costae)
510
interproximal space
the area between two adjoining teeth
511
intestine
that portion of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the rectum and anus
512
intradermal
inserted or put into the skin
513
intramuscular
injected or put into a muscle
514
intravenous
injected or put into a vein
515
intubate
to insert a tube
516
invasion of privacy
revealing personal information about an individual without his or her consent
517
invasive
pertains to a test or procedure that involves penetrating or entering the body
518
inversion
turning a body part inward
519
involuntary
independent action not controlled by choice or desire
520
iris
colored portion of the eye; composed of muscular, or contractile, tissue that regulates the size of the pupil
521
ischemia
inadequate blood flow to the body tissues caused by an obstruction in circulation
522
isolation
method or technique of caring for persons who have communicable disease
523
jackknife (proctologic) position
the patient lies on the abdomen with both the head and legs inclined downward and the rectal area elevated
524
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes, frequently caused by liver or gallbladder disease
525
jejunum
the middle section of the small intestine; connects the duodenum and ileum
526
joint
an articulation, or area where two bones meet or join
527
kcal-controlled diet
diet containing low-calorie foods; frequently prescribed for weight loss
528
ketone
chemical compound produced during an increased metabolism of fat
529
ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine
530
kidney
bean shaped organ that excretes urine; located high and in back of the abdominal cavity
531
kilojoule
metric unit used to measure the energy value of food
532
knew-chest position
the patient rest his or her body weight on the knees and chest; used for sigmoidoscopic and rectal examinations
533
labia majora
two large folds of adipose tissue lying on each side of the vulva in the female; hairy outer lips
534
labia minora
two folds of membranes lying inside the labia majora; hairless inner lips
535
labia surface
crown surface of the anterior teeth that lies next to the lips; facial surface of the anterior teeth
536
laboratory
a room or building where scientific tests, research, experiments, or learning takes place
537
laceration
wound or injury with jagged, irregular edges
538
lacrimal
pertaining to tears; glands that secrete and expel tears
539
lactation
process of secreting milk
540
lacteal
specialized lymphatic capillary that picks up digested fats or lipids in the small intestine and transports them to the thoracic duct
541
lancet
sharp, pointed instrument used to piece the skin to obtain blood
542
laryngeal mirror
instrument with a mirror, used to examine larynx
543
larynx
voice box, located between the pharynx and trachea
544
late adulthood
period of development beginning at 65 years of age and ending at death
545
late childhood
period of development from 6 to 12 years of age
546
lateral
pertaining to the side
547
lead
an angle or view of the heart that is recorded in an electrocardiogram
548
ledger card
a card or record that shows a financial account of money charged, received, or paid out
549
legal
authorized or based on law
550
legal disability
a condition in which a person does not have legal capacity and is therefore unable to enter into a legal agreement (for example, as is the case with a minor)
551
lens
crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil of the eye; refracts or bends light rays onto the retina; also, the magnifying glass in a microscope
552
lethargy
abnormal drowsiness or sluggishness; state of indifference or stupor
553
leukocyte
white blood cell (WBC)
554
leukocyte count
blood test that counts the total number of white blood cells (normally 5,000-9,000 per cubic millimeter of blood)
555
liability
a legal or financial responsibility
556
libel
false written statement that causes a person ridicule or contempt or causes damage to the person's reputation
557
licensure
process by which a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation
558
life stages
stages of growth and development experience by an individual form birth to death
559
ligament
fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
560
light diet
also called a convalescent diet, diet that contains east-to-digest foods
561
line angle
area on crown surfaces of a tooth formed by a line drawn between two surfaces
562
liner
dental material that covers or lines exposed tooth tissue, usually in the form of a varnish
563
lingual surface
the crown surface of teeth that is next to the tongue
564
lithotomy position
the patient lies on the back with the feet in stirrups and knees flexed and separated
565
liver
largest gland in the body; located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen; tow of its main functions are excreting bile and storing glycogen
566
living will
a legal document stating a persons desires on what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when his or her condition is terminal
567
low-cholesterol diet
diet that restricts foods high in saturated fat
568
low-protein diet
diet that limits foods high in protein
569
low-residue diet
diet that limits foods containing large amounts of residue, or indigestibles
570
low-speed handpiece
slower handpiece in dental units; used to remove cavities and for fine finishing work
571
lung
organ of respiration located in the thoracic cavity
572
lymph
fluid formed in body tissues and circulated in the lymphatic vessels
573
lymph node
a round body of lymph tissue that filters lymph
574
lymphatic duct
short tube that drains purified lymph from the right sides of the had and neck and the right arm
575
lymphatic vessels
thin-walled vessels that carry lymph from tissues
576
lysosomes
those structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign matter
577
macule
a discolored but neither raised nor depressed spot or area on the skin
578
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
process that uses a computer and magnetic forces, instead of x-rays, to visualize internal organs
579
malignant
harmful or dangerous; likely to spread and cause destruction and death (for example, cancer)
580
malnutrition
poor nutrition; without adequate food and nutrients
581
malpractice
providing improper or unprofessional treatment or care that results in injury to another person
582
mammogram
x-ray examination of the breasts
583
managed care
a health care delivery system designed to reduce the cost of health care while providing access to care through designated providers
584
mandible
horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw; only movable bone of the skull
585
masters degree
degree awarded by a college or university after completion of one more years of prescribed study beyond a bachelors degree
586
mastication
the process of chewing with the teeth
587
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
information sheets that must be provided by the manufacturer for all hazardous products
588
matriarchal
social organization in which the mother or oldest woman is the authority figure
589
maxilla
upper jawbone; two bones fuses or joined together
590
meatus
external opening of a tube (for example, the urinary meatus)
591
mechanical lift
special device used to move or transfer a patient
592
medial
pertaining to the middle or midline
593
Medicaid
government program that provides medical care for people whose incomes are below a certain level
594
medical history
a record that shows all diseases, illness, and surgeries that a patient has had
595
medical record
also called a patient chart; written record of a patients diagnosis, care, treatment, test results, and prognosis
596
Medicare
government program that provides medical care for elderly and/or disabled individuals
597
medication
drug used to treat a disease or condition
598
Medigap policy
an insurance plan that serves as supplemental insurance to Medicare; usually pays deductible for Medicare and co-payments of care
599
medulla
inner, or central portion of an organ
600
medulla oblongata
the lower part of the brainstem; controls vital processes such as respiration and heartbeat
601
medullary canal
inner, or central, portion of a long bone
602
meiosis
the process of cell division that occurs in gametes, or sex cells (ovum and spermatozoa)
603
melanin
brownish black pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes
604
memorandum
a short, written statement or message
605
meninges
membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
606
menopause
permanent cessation of menstruation
607
mental
pertaining to the mind
608
mesial surface
the side surface of teeth that is toward the midline of the mouth
609
metabolism
the use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy
610
metacarpal
bone of the hand between the wrist and each finger
611
metastasis
the spread of tumor or cancer cells from the site of origin
612
metatarsal
bone of the foot between the instep and each toe
613
microbiology
branch of biology dealing with the study of microscopic organisms
614
microorganism
small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe
615
microscope
instrument used to magnify or enlarge objects for viewing
616
micturate
another word for urinate, to expel urine
617
midbrain
that portion of the brain that connects the pons and cerebellum; relay center for impulses
618
middle adulthood
period of development from 40-65 years of age
619
midsagittal
an imaginary line drawn down the midline of the body to divide the body into a right side and a left side
620
midstream (clean-catch) specimen
urine specimen in which urination is begun before catching the specimen in the specimen cup
621
minerals
inorganic substances essential to life
622
mitered corner
special folding technique used to secure linen on a bed
623
mitochondria
those structures in a cell that provide energy and are involved in the metabolism of the cell
624
mitosis
process of asexual reproduction by which cells divide into two identical cells
625
mitral valve
flap or cusp between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart
626
model
also called a cast, a positive reproduction of the dental arches or teeth in plaster or similar materials
627
moist cold
an application that provides cold temperature and is wet against the skin
628
moist heat
an application that provides warm temperature and is wet against the skin
629
molars
teeth in the back of the mouth; largest and strongest teeth; used to grind food
630
mouth
oral cavity; opening to the digestive tract, or alimentary canal
631
mucus
thick, sticky fluid secreted by mucous membranes
632
muscle tissue
body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement
633
muscle tone
state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act
634
myocardial infarction
heart attack; a reduction in the supply of blood to the heart resulting in damage to the muscle of the heart
635
myocardium
muscle layer of the heart
636
myopia
nearsightedness; defect in distant vision
637
nasal cavity
space between the cranium and the roof of the mouth
638
nasal septum
bony and cartilaginous partition that separates the nasal cavity into two sections
639
nasogastric tube
a tube that is inserted through the nose and goes down the esophagus and into the stomach
640
nausea
a feeling of discomfort in the region of the stomach accompanied by the tendency to vomit
641
necrosis
death of tissue
642
need
lack of something required or desired; urgent want or desire
643
needle holder
instrument used to hold or support a needle while sutures (stiches) are being inserted
644
negligence
failure to give care that is normally expected, resulting in injury to another person
645
neonate
newborn infant
646
neoplasm
new growth or tumor
647
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
648
nephron
structural and functional unity of the kidney
649
nerve
group of nerve tissues that conducts impulses
650
nerve tissue
body tissue that conducts or transmits impulses throughout the body
651
network
connection of two or more computers to share data and hardware
652
neurology
the study of the nervous system
653
neuron
nerve cell
654
nocturia
excessive urination at night
655
noninvasive
pertaining to a test or procedure that does not require penetration or entrance into the body
656
nonpathogen
a microorganism that is not capable of causing a disease
657
nonverbal
without words or speech
658
nose
the projection in the center of the face; the organ for smelling and breathing
659
nosocomial
pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital
660
nucleolus
the spherical body in the nucleus of a cell that is important in reproduction of the cell
661
nucleus
the structure in a cell that controls cell activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
662
nutrition
all body processes related to food; the body's use of food for growth, development, and health
663
nutritional status
the state of ones nutrition
664
obese
overweight
665
objective observation
observation about a patient that is visible, palpable, or measurable; commonly called a sign
666
observation
to look at, watch, perceive, or notice
667
obstetrics
the branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
668
occlusal surface
the chewing or biting surface of posterior teeth
669
occult
hidden, concealed, not visible (for example, an internal [occult] hemorrhage)
670
occult blood
blood that is hidden; also, a test done on stool to check for he presence of blood
671
occupational therapy
treatment directed at preparing a person requiring rehabilitation for a trade or for return to the activities of daily living
672
occupied bed
a bed that is made while the patient is in bed
673
odontology
study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth
674
olfactory
pertaining to the sense of smell
675
oliguria
decreased or less-than-normal amounts of urine secretion
676
ombudsman
specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve care of conditions
677
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
Federal law that regulates the education and testing of nursing assistants
678
oncology
the branch of medicine dealing with tumors or abnormal growths (for example, cancer)
679
open bed
a bed with the top sheets fanfolded to the bottom
680
ophthalmologist
a medical doctor who specializes in diseases of the eye
681
ophthalmology
the study of the eye and diseases and disorders affecting the eye
682
ophthalmoscope
an instrument used to examine the eye
683
opportunistic infection
an infection that occurs when the body's immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment
684
optician
an individual who makes or sells lenses, eye-glasses, and other optical supplies
685
optometrist
a licensed, nonmedical practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of vision defects
686
oral
pertaining to the mouth
687
oral cavity
the mouth
688
oral hygiene
care of the mouth and teeth
689
oral-evacuation system
special machine that uses water to form a suction or vacuum system to remove liquids and particles from the oral cavity
690
organ
body part made of tissue that have joined together to perform a special function
691
organ of Corti
structure in the cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing
692
organelles
structures in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus
693
origin
end or area of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts
694
orthodontics
the branch of dentistry dealing with prevention and correction of irregularities of the alignment of teeth
695
orthopedics
the branch of medicine/surgery dealing with the treatment of diseases and deformities of the bones, muscles, and joints
696
orthopnea
severe dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing
697
orthotist
an individual skilled in straightening and correcting deformities by the use of orthopedic appliances (for example, braces or special splints)
698
os coxae
the hipbone; formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
699
ossicles
small bones, especially the three bones of the middle ear that amplify and transmit sound waves
700
osteopathy
a field of medicine and treatment based on manipulation, especially of bones, to treat disease
701
osteoporosis
condition in which bones become porous and brittle because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals
702
ostomy
a surgically created opening into a body part
703
otoscope
an instrument used to examine the ear
704
output
computer term for processed information, or the final product obtained from the computer; also, total amount of liquid expelled from the body
705
ovary
endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the female sex cell, or ovum
706
palate
structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities; root of the mouth
707
palliative
measures taken to treat symptoms and/or pain even though it will not cure a disease; comfort measures
708
pallor
paleness; lack of color
709
palpation
the act of using the hands to feel body parts during an examination
710
pancreas
gland that is dorsal to the stomach; secretes insulin and digestive juices
711
pandemic
an infection disease that affects many people over a wide geographic area; a worldwide epidemic
712
panoramic
dental radiograph that shows the entire dental arch, or all of the teeth and related structures, on one film
713
Papanicolaou test
also called a Pap test; a test to classify abnormal cells obtained from the vagina or cervix
714
papule
solid, elevated spot or area on the skin
715
paraffin wax treatment
heated mixture of paraffin and mineral oil; used to provide a moist heat application
716
paralysis
loss or impairment of the ability to feel or move parts of the body
717
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower half of the body
718
parasite
organism that lives on or within another living organism
719
parasympathetic
a division of the autonomic nervous system
720
parathyroid
one of four small glands located on the thyroid glad; regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
721
parenteral
other than by mouth
722
paresis
weakness and/or paralysis of an extremity
723
partial bath
bath in which only certain body parts are bathed or in which the health care provider bathes those parts of the body that the patient is unable to bathe
724
patella
the kneecap
725
pathogen
disease-producing organisms
726
pathology
the study of the cause or nature of a disease
727
pathophysiology
study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes
728
patience
ability to wait, perservere; capacity for calm endurance
729
patients' rights
factors of care that all patients can expect to receive
730
patriarchal
social organization in which the father or oldest male is the authority figure
731
pediatrics
the branch of medicine dealing with care and treatment of diseases and disorders for children
732
pedodontics
the branch of dentistry dealing with treatment of teeth and oral conditions of children
733
pegboard system
method of maintaining financial accounts and records in an office
734
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis area below the abdominal region and near the sacrum and hip bones
735
percussion
process of tapping various body parts during an examination
736
percussion (reflux) hammer
instrument used to check reflexes
737
periapical
around the apex of a root of a tooth; dental x-ray that shows the entire tooth and surrounding areas
738
pericardium
membrane sac that covers the outside of the heart
739
perineum
region between the vagina and the anus in the female and between the scrotum and anus in the male
740
periodontal ligament
dense fibers of connective tissue that attach to the cementum of a tooth and the alveolus to support or suspend the tooth in its socket
741
periodontics
the branch of dentistry dealing with the treatment of the gingiva (gum) and periodontium (supporting tissues) surrounding the teeth
742
periosteum
fibrous membrane that covers the bones except at joint areas
743
peripheral
the part of the nervous system apart from the brain and spinal cord; also, a device connected to a computer
744
peristalsis
rhythmic, wavelike motion of involuntary muscles
745
peritoneal
pertaining to the body cavity containing the liver, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs
746
permanent (succedaneous) teeth
the 32 teeth that make up the second, or permanent, set of teeth
747
personal hygiene
care of the body including bathing hair and nail care, shaving, and oral hygiene
748
personal protective equipment (PPE)
gloves, and protective eyeware that help protect a person from contact with infectious material
749
perspiration
the secretion of sweat
750
pH
a scale of 0-14 used to measure the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with 7 being neutral
751
phalanges
bones of the fingers and toes
752
pharmacology
the study of drugs
753
pharynx
the throat
754
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
755
phlebotomist
also called a venipunture technician, individual who collects blood and prepares it for tests
756
physiatrist
medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation
757
physical
of or pertaining to the body
758
physical therapy
treatment by physical means, such as heat, cold, water, massage, or electricity
759
Physicians' Desk
reference book that contains essential information on medications
760
physiological needs
basic physical or biological needs required by every human being to sustain life
761
physiology
the study of the process or function of living organisms
762
pineal
glandlike structure in the brain
763
pinna
also called the auricle, external portion of the ear
764
pituitary
small, rounded endocrine gland at the base of the brain; regulates function of other endocrine glands and body processes
765
placenta
temporary endocrine bland created during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus; the afterbirth
766
plane
flat or relatively smooth surface; an imaginary line drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections
767
plaque
thin, tenatcious, filmlike deposit that adheres (sticks) to the teeth and can lead to decay; made of protein and microorganisms
768
plasma
liquid portion of the blood
769
pleura
a serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
770
podiatrist
an individual who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the feet
771
point angle
are on the crown surface of a tooth that is formed when three surfaces meet
772
poisoning
condition that occurs when contact is made with any chemical substance that causes injury, illness, or death
773
polycythemia
excess number of red blood cells
774
polydipsia
excessive thirst
775
polyphagia
excessive ingestion of food
776
polyuria
increased production and discharge of urine; excessive urination
777
pons
that portion of the brainstem that connects the medulla oblongata and cerebellum to the upper portions of the brain
778
positron emission tomography (PET)
computerized body scanning technique in which the computer detects a radioactive substance injected into a patient
779
posterior
toward the back; behind
780
posterior teeth
teeth toward the back of the oral cavity, including the biscuspids and molars
781
postmortem care
care given to the body immediately after death
782
postoperative
after surgery
783
postpartum
following delivery of a baby
784
Power of Attorney (POA)
a legal document authorizing a person to act as another person's legal representative or agent
785
prefix
an affix attached to the beginning of a word
786
prejudice
strong feeling or belief about a person or subject that is formed without reviewing facts or information
787
prenatal
before birth
788
preoperative
before surgery
789
pressure (decubitus) ulcer
a pressure sore; a bedsore
790
primary (deciduous) teeth
also called deciduous teeth, the first set of 20 teeth
791
privileged communications
all personal information given to health personnel by a patient; must be kept confidential
792
proctoscope
instrument used to examine the rectum
793
prognosis
prediction regarding the probable outcome of a disease
794
projection
defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his or her actions on someone else or circumstance
795
pronation
turning a body part downward; turning "palm down"
796
prone position
the patient lies on the abdomen, with legs together and the face turned to the side
797
prophylactic
preventive; agent that prevents disease
798
prophylaxis angle
dental handpiece attachment that holds polishing cups, disks, and brushes used to clean the teeth or polish restorations
799
prostate gland
in the male, bland near the urethra; contracts during ejaculation to prevent urine from leaving the bladder
800
prosthesis
an artificial part that replaces a natural part (for example, dentures or a limb)
801
prosthodontics
the branch of dentistry dealing with the construction of artificial appliances for the mouth
802
protein
one of the six essential nutrients needed for growth and repair of tissues
803
protoplasm
thick, viscous substance that is the physical basis of all living things
804
protozoa
microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water
805
proximal
closest to the point of attachment or area of reference
806
pruritus
itching
807
psychiatry
the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness
808
psychology
the study of mental processes and their effects on behavior
809
psychosomatic
pertaining to the relationship between the mind or emotions and the body
810
puberty
period of growth and development during which secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop
811
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
812
pulmonary valve
flap or cusp between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery
813
pulp
soft tissue in the innermost area of a tooth and made of nerves and blood vessels held in place by connective tissue
814
pulse
pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery as the heart contracts or beats
815
pulse deficit
the difference between the rate of an apical pulse and the rate of a radial pulse
816
pulse oximeter
a device that measures the oxygen level in arterial blood
817
pulse pressure
the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
818
puncture wound
injury caused by a pointed object such as a needle or nail
819
pupil
opening or hole in the center of the iris of the eye; allows light to enter the eye
820
pustule
small, elevated, pus-or lymph-filled area of the skin
821
pyrexia
fever
822
pyuria
pus in the urine
823
race
classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics
824
radial deviation
moving toward the thumb side of the hand
825
radiograph
x-ray an image produced by radiation
826
radiology
the branch of medicine dealing with x-rays and radioactive substances
827
radiolucent
transparent to x-rays; permitting the passage of x-rays or other forms of radiation
828
radiopaque
not transparent to x-rays; not permitting the passage of x-rays or other forms of radiation
829
radius
long bone of the forearm, between the wrist and elbow
830
rale
bubbling or noisy sound caused by fluid or mucus in the air passages
831
random access memory (RAM)
form of computer memory known as read/write memory because data can be stored or retrieved from it
832
range of motion (ROM)
the full range of movement of a muscle or joint; exercises designed to move each joint and muscle through its full range of movement
833
rate
number per minute, as with pulse and respiration counts
834
rationalization
defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable or acceptable excuse as explanation for behavior
835
read only memory (ROM)
nonerasbale, permanent form of computer memory built into a computer to control many of the computer's internal operations
836
reagent strip
special test strip containing chemical substances that react to the presence of certain substances in the urine or blood
837
reality orientation
activities to help promote awareness of time, place, and person
838
recall
to call back; letter or notice that reminds a patient to return for periodic treatment or examination
839
receipt
written record that money or goods has been received
840
rectal, rectum
pertaining to the lower part of the large intestine, the temporary storage area for indigestibles
841
rectal tube
tube inserted into the rectum to aid in the expulsion of flatus (gas)
842
red marrow
soft tissue in the epiplyses of long bones
843
reference initials
initials placed at the bottom of a letter to indicate the writer and/or preparer
844
refractometer
an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of urine
845
registration
process whereby a regulatory body in a given health care area administers examinations and/or maintains a list of qualified personnel
846
rehabilitation
the restoration to useful life through therapy and education
847
remission
period of time during which the signs and symptoms of a chronic disease are less severe or not present
848
repression
defense mechanism involving the transfer of painful or unacceptable ideas, feelings, or thoughts into the subconscious
849
resident
an individual who lives in a long-term care facility
850
resistant
able to oppose; organisms that remain unaffected by harmful substances in the environment
851
respiration
the process of taking in oxygen (inspiration) and expelling carbon dioxide (expiration) by way of the lungs and air passages
852
restoration
process of replacing a diseases portion of a tooth or a lost tooth by artificial means, including filling materials, crowns, bridges, or dentures
853
restraints
protective devices that limit or restrict movement
854
retina
the sensory membrane that lines the eye and is the immediate instrument of vision
855
retractor
instrument used to hold or draw back the lips or sides of a wound or incision
856
reverse isolation
technique used to provide care to patients requiring protection from organisms in the environment
857
rheostat
foot control in dental units; used to operate handpieces
858
rhythm
referring to regularity; regular or irregular
859
ribs
also called costae, 12 pairs of narrow, curved bones that surround the thoracic cavity
860
rickettsia
parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms
861
root
anatomic portion of a tooth that is below the gingiva (gums); helps hold the tooth in the mouth
862
rotation
movement around a central axis, a turning
863
rubber base
dental impression material that is elastic and rubbery in nature
864
safety standards
set of rules designed to protect both the patient and health care worker
865
saliva ejector
handpiece in dental units that provides a constant, low-volume suction to remove saliva and fluids from the mouth
866
salivary glands
glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
867
sarcoma
tumor of connective tissuse; frequently malignant
868
satisfaction
fulfillment or gratification of a desire or need
869
scalpel
instrument with a knife blade used to incise (cut) skin and tissue
870
scapula
shoulder blade or bone
871
sclera
white outer coat of the eye
872
screen
to evaluate; to determine the purpose of telephone calls so they can be referred to the correct person
873
scrotum
double pouch containing the testes and epididymis in the male individual
874
sebaceous gland
oil-secreting gland of the skin
875
secretion
substance produced and expelled by a gland or other body part
876
seizure
a convulsion; involuntary contraction of muscles
877
self-actualization
achieving one's full potential
878
self-esteem
satisfaction with oneself
879
self-motivation
ability to begin or to follow through with a task without the assistance of others
880
semicircular canals
structures in the inner ear that are involved in maintaining balance and equilibrium
881
seminal vesicle
one of two saclike structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens in the male individual; secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen
882
senile lentigines
dark-yellow or brown spots that develop on the skin as aging occurs
883
senility
feebleness of body or mind caused by aging
884
sensitive
susceptible to a substance; organisms that are affected by an antibiotic in a culture and sensitivity study
885
sensitivity
ability to recognize and appreciate the personal characteristics of others
886
sepsis
presence of pus-forming pathogens and their toxins in the blood
887
septum
membranous wall that divides two cavities
888
serrated
notched; toothed
889
sharps container
a puncture-resistant container for disposal of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects contaminated by blood or body fluids
890
shock
clinical condition characterized by various symptoms and resulting in an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to body organs, especially the brain and heart
891
sigmoidoscope
instrument used to examine the sigmoid, or S-shaped, section of the large intestine
892
sign
objective evidence of disease; something that is seen
893
signature
a person's name written by that person
894
Sims' postition
the patient lies on his or her left side with the right leg bent up near the abdomen
895
sinus
cavity or air space in a bone
896
sitz bath
special bath given to apply moist heat to the genital or rectal area
897
skelton
the bony structure of the body
898
skill
expertness, dexterity; an art, trade, or technique
899
skin puncture
a small needle hole made in the skin to obtain capillary blood
900
slander
spoken comment that causes a person ridicule or contempt or damages the person's reputation
901
small intestine
that section of the intestine that is between the stomach and large intestine; site of most absorption of nutrients
902
smear
material spread thinly on a slide for microscopic examination
903
Snellen charts
special charts that use letters or symbols in calibrated heights to check visual acuity
904
social
pertaining to relationships with others
905
sodium hypochlorite
household bleach
906
sodium-restricted diet
special diet containing low or limited amounts of sodium (salt)
907
soft diet
special diet containing only foods that are soft in texture
908
soft palate
tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth; separates the mouth from the nasopharynx
909
software
programs or instructions that allow computer hardware to function intelligently
910
specific gravity
weight or mass of a substance compared with an equal amount of another substance that is used as a standard
911
speculum
instrument used to dilate, or enlarge, an opening or passage in the body for examination purposes
912
sphygmomanometer
instrument calibrated for measuring blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
913
spinal
pertaining to the vertebral column or spinal cord
914
spinal cord
a column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata of the brain to the second lumbar vertebra in the vertebral column
915
sleep
ductless gland below the diaphragm in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen; serves to form, store, and filter blood
916
splinter forceps
instruments with sharp points used to remove splinters and foreign objects from the skin and/or tissues
917
sprain
injury to a joint accompanied by stretching or tearing of the ligaments
918
sputum
substance coughed up from the bronchi; contains saliva and mucus
919
standard precautions
recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids
920
statement-receipt
financial form that shows charges, amounts paid, and balance due
921
statistical data
record containing basic facts about a patient, such as address, place of employment, insurance, and similar items
922
stereotyping
process of assuming that everyone in a particular group is the same
923
sterile
free of all organisms, including spores and viruses
924
sterile field
an area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms
925
sterilization
process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child
926
sternum
breatbone
927
stethoscope
instrument used for listening to internal body sounds
928
stoma
the opening of an ostomy on the abdominal wall
929
stomach
enlarged section of the alimentary canal, between the esophagus and the small intestine; serves as an organ of digestion
930
stool
material evacuated from the bowels; feces
931
strain
injury caused by excessive stretching, overuse, or misuse of muscle
932
stress
body's reaction to any stimulus that requires a person to adjust to a changing environment
933
subcutaneous
beneath the skin
934
subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)
layer of tissue that is under the skin and connects the skin to muscles and underlying tissues
935
subjective observation
an observation about a patient that is felt by the patient but cannot be seen, palpated or measured; commonly called a symptom
936
sublingual
under the tongue
937
succedaneous teeth
the 32 teeth that make up the second set of teeth; also called permanent or secondary teeth
938
sudoriferous gland
sweat-secreting gland of the skin
939
suffix
an affix attached to the end of a word that changes its meaning
940
suicide
killing oneself
941
superior
above, on top of, or higher than
942
supination
turning a body part upward; turning "palm up"
943
supine position
the patient lies flat on the back, face upward
944
suppository
solid medication that has a base of cocoa butter or glycerine and is designed to melt after insertion into a body cavity (for example, the rectum or vagina)
945
suppression
defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them
946
surgery
the branch of medicine dealing with operative procedures to correct deformities, repair injuries, or treat disease
947
surgical hose
elastic or support hose used to support leg veins and increase circulation
948
surgical scissors
special scissors used to cut tissue
949
surgical shave
removal of hair cleansing of skin prior to an operation
950
suture
surgical stitch used to join the edges of an incision or wound; also, an are where bones join or fuse together
951
suture-removal set
set of instruments, including suture scissors and thumb forceps, used to remove stitches
952
sympathetic
that division of the autonomic nervous system that allows the body to respond to emergencies and stress; also, to understand and attempt to solve the problems of another
953
symptom
a subjective indication of disease that is felt by the patient
954
syncope
fainting; temporary period of unconsciousness
955
system
a group of organs and other parts that work together to perform a certain function
956
systemic
pertaining to the whole body
957
systole
period of work, or contraction, of the heart
958
systolic pressure
measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart ins contracting and forcing blood into the arteries
959
tachycardia
fast, or rapid, heartbeat (usually more than 100 beats per minute in an adult)
960
tachypnea
respiratory rate above 25 respirations per minute
961
tactful
able to do or say the correct thing; considerate of others' feelings
962
tarsal
one of seven bones that forms the instep of the foot
963
teamwork
cooperative effort by the members of a group to achieve a common goal
964
technician
a level of proficiency usually requiring a 2 year associates degree or 3 to 4 years of on-the-job training
965
technologist
a class of expertise in a health career field, usually requiring at least 3 to 4 years of college plus work experience
966
teeth
structures in the mouth that physically break down food by chewing and grinding
967
temperature
the measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body
968
temporal temperature
measurement of body temperature at the temporal artery on the forehead
969
temporary
dental material used for restorative purposes for a short period of time until permanent restoration can be done
970
tendon
fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
971
tension
uncomfortable inner sensation, discomfort, strain, or stress that affects the mind
972
terminal illness
an illness that will result in death
973
testes
gonads or endocrine glands that are located in the scrotum of the male and that produce sperm and male hormones
974
thalamus
that structure in the diencephalon of the brain that acts as a relay center to direct sensory impulses to the cerebrum
975
therapeutic diet
diet used in the treatment of disease
976
therapy
remedial treatment of a disease or disorder
977
thermometer
instrument used to measure temperature
978
thermotherapy
use of heat applications for treatment
979
thoracic
pertaining to the chest or thorax
980
thoracic duct
main lymph duct of the body; drains lymph from the lymphatic vessels into the left subclavian vein
981
thrombus
a blood clot
982
thymus
organ in the upper part of the chest; lymphatic tissue and endocrine gland that atrophies at puberty
983
thyroid
endocrine gland that is located in the neck and regulates body metabolism
984
tibia
inner and larger bone of the lower leg, between the knee and ankle
985
time management
system of practical skills that allows an individual to use time in the most effective and productive way
986
tissue
a group of similar cells that join together to perform a particular function
987
tissue forceps
an instrument with one or more fine points (teeth) at the tips of blades; used to grasp tissue
988
tongue
muscular organ of the mouth; aids in speech, swallowing, and taste
989
tonometer
an instrument used to measure intraocular (within the eye) pressure
990
tonsil
mass of lymphatic tissue found in the pharynx (throat) and mouth
991
tort
a wrongful or illegal act of civil law not involving a contract
992
tourniquet
device used to compress the blood vessels
993
towel clamps
instruments with pointed ends that lock together; used to attach surgical drapes to each other and/or clamp dissected tissue
994
trachea
windpipe; air tube from the larynx to the bronchi
995
tracheostomy
creation of an opening into the trachea to facilitate breathing
996
transdermal
through the skin
997
transfer (gait) belt
band of fabric or leather that is placed around a patient's waist; grasped by the health care worker during transfer or ambulation to provide additional support for the patient
998
transfusion
transfer of blood from one person to another person; injection of blood or plasma
999
transverse plane
imaginary line drawn through the body to separate the body into a top half and a bottom half
1000
Trendelenburg position
the patient lies on the back with the head lower than the feet, or with both the head and feet inclined downward
1001
triage
a method of prioritizing treatment
1002
tricuspid valve
flap or cusp between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart
1003
tri-flow (air-water) syringe
handpiece in dental units that provides air, water, or a combination of air and water for various dental procedures
1004
trifurcated
having three roots (as do some teeth)
1005
tuning fork
an instrument that has two prongs and is used to test hearing activity
1006
24-hour urine
special urine test in which all urine produced in a 24-period is collected in a special container
1007
tympanic membrane
the eardrum
1008
typing and crossmatch
a determination of blood types and antigens prior to a blood transfusion
1009
ulcer
an open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane
1010
ulna
long bone in the forearm, between the wrist and elbow
1011
ulnar deviation
moving toward the little finger side of the hand
1012
ultrasonic unit
piece of equipment that cleans with sound waves
1013
ultrasonography
noninvasive, computerized scanning technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of body parts
1014
ultra-speed handpiece
high-speed handpiece used in dental units to cut and prepare a tooth during a dental procedure
1015
umbilicus
navel; in slang, "belly button"
1016
Universal/National Numbering System
abbreviated means of identifying the teeth
1017
uremia
excessive amounts of urea (a waste product) in the blood
1018
ureter
tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
1019
ureterostomy
formation of an opening on the abdominal wall for drainage of urine from a ureter
1020
urethra
tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body
1021
urinalysis
examination of urine by way of physical, chemical, or microscopic testing
1022
urinary-drainage unit
special device used to collect urine and consisting of tubing and a collection container usually connected to a urinary catheter
1023
urinary meatus
external opening of the urethra
1024
urinary sediments
solid material suspended in urine
1025
urinate
to expel urine from the bladder
1026
urine
the fluid excreted by the kidney
1027
urinometer
callibrated device used to measure the specific gravity of urine
1028
urology
the branch of medicine dealing with urine and diseases of the urinary tract
1029
urticaria
hives
1030
uterus
muscular, hollow organ that serves as the organ of menstruation and the area for development of the fetus in the female body
1031
vaccine
substance given to an individual to produce immunity to a disease
1032
varicose
pertaining to distended, swollen veins
1033
vas deferens
also called the deferens, the tube that carries sperm and semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the male body
1034
vascular
pertaining to blood vessels
1035
vasodilation
constriction (decrease in diameter) of the blood vessels
1036
vector
a carrier of disease; an insect, rodent, or small animal that transmits disease
1037
vein
blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
1038
venipuncture
surgical puncture of a vein; inserting a needle into a vein
1039
venous
pertaining to the veins
1040
ventilation
process of breathing
1041
ventral
pertaining to the front, or anterior, part of the body; in front of
1042
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart; also, a cavity in the brain
1043
venule
the smallest type of vein; connects capillaries and veins
1044
vertebrae
bones of the spinal column
1045
vertigo
sensation of dizziness
1046
vesicle
blister; a sac full of water or tissue fluid
1047
vestibule
small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
1048
veterinary
pertaining to the medical treatment of animals
1049
villi
tiny projections from a surface; in the small intestine, projections that aid in the absorption of nutrients
1050
virus
one of a large group of very small microorganisms, many of which cause disease
1051
visceral
pertaining to organs
1052
visual acuity
ability to perceive and comprehend light rays; seeing
1053
vital signs
determinations that provide information about body conditions; include temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
1054
vitamins
organic substances necessary for body processes and life
1055
vitreous humor
jelly-like mass that fills the cavity of the eyeball, behind the lens
1056
void
to empty the bladder; urinate
1057
volume
the degree of strength of a pulse (for example, strong or weak)
1058
voluntary
under one's control; done by one's choice or desire
1059
vomit
to expel material from the stomach and/or intestine through the mouth and/or nose
1060
walker
a device that has a metal framework and aids in walking
1061
warm-water bag
rubber or plastic device designed to hold warm water for dry-heat application
1062
wellness
state of being in good health; well
1063
wheezing
difficult breathing with a high-pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration
1064
withdrawal
defense mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physically removes self from a situation
1065
Worker's Compensation
payment and care provided to an individual who is injured on the job
1066
wound
an injury to tissues
1067
xiphoid processes
the small, bony projection at the lower end of the sternum (breastbone)
1068
yellow marrow
soft tissue in the diaphyses of long bones
