Vocabulary 26-50 Flashcards
(332 cards)
1
Q
scheduled flight
A
normal, regular flight
2
Q
charter flight
A
special flight taking a group of people, usually to the same holiday destination
3
Q
restrictions
A
e.g. you can only travel on certain days
4
Q
non - refundable
A
you can’t get your money back
5
Q
stopover
A
you may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to your destination
6
Q
shuttle bus
A
from and to your hotel
7
Q
all- inclusive
A
includes your flight, accommodation and all meals, drinks and snacks in the hotel
8
Q
ferry
A
normally for sea travel
9
Q
crossing
A
journey across the sea
10
Q
go on a cruise
A
holiday at sea
11
Q
holiday of a lifetime
A
one you will always remember
12
Q
shared cabin
A
a bed in a cabin with other people
13
Q
upper deck
A
the higher part of the ship, which is often bigger and more comfortable
14
Q
exotic
A
unusual exciting
15
Q
get away from it all
A
escape your daily life and routines
16
Q
change trains
A
get off one train and on to another
17
Q
through train
A
or direct train, one which takes you directly to your destination
18
Q
getting around
A
travelling to different places
19
Q
unlimited mileage
A
you can travel as many miles as you like for the same price
20
Q
come and go as you please
A
go where you want when you want
21
Q
camping
A
sleeping in a tent of a caravan
22
Q
self-catering
A
where you do your own cooking
23
Q
chalet
A
small cottage or cabin specially built for holiday-makers
24
Q
guest house
A
small, relatively cheap hotel
25
inn
similar to a pub, but also offering accommodation; sometimes in an attractive old building
26
half board
usually breakfast and one other meal
27
full board
all meals
28
escape the crowds
go where there are not many people
29
get off the beaten track
go to places tourists don't normally go, somewhere different/ unusual
30
get back to nature
live a natural, rural style of life
31
tourist sector
tourist industry
32
discerning
showing good judgement, especially about style and quality
33
boast
this use of boast is for listening the good qualities of a place
34
hordes
crowds, in a negative sense
35
wealth of
large amount of
36
flora and fauna
plant and animals; a fixed phrase
37
national parks
areas of a country that are protected by the government because of their natural beauty of because they have a special history
38
nature reserves
areas of land protected in order to keep safe the animals and plants that live here, often because they are rare
39
tracts
areas of land; collocates with large, vast, huge
40
virgin
original and natural
41
seeking something out of the ordinary
looking for something different
42
unwind
relax, reduce your general level of stress
43
recharge
get back your energy
44
taste of the bush
wild, areas covered in grass, bushes or trees
45
4x4 vehicles
pronounced four by four; vehicles with driving power on all four wheels
46
waterfront
on the edge of the sea or of a river
47
stunning
extremely beautiful
48
unbeatable
no other company can offer cheaper ones for the same service
49
awe-inspiring
it fills you with a sense of the power and beauty of what you are looking at
50
rambles, hikes, treks
these words represent a scale of length and difficulty
51
rable
is a long, pleasant walk, not too demanding
52
hike
is more demanding, suggesting more difficult terrain
53
trek
is usually of several days over wild country
54
unrivalled
no other holiday programme can match this
55
scenic
having views of the attractive, natural things in the countryside
56
paradise
a perfect place or situation
57
ecotourism
the business of organising holidays in a way which helps local people and does not damage the environment
58
savour
enjoy or taste
59
heartland
the inland areas furthest away from the sea of from borders with other countries
60
rainfall
the amount of rain that falls, for example in a month or in a year
61
arid
dry
62
prone to
tending to have a particular negative characteristic
63
drought
long period without rain
64
tundra
area in the north with no trees and permanently frozen ground
65
vegetation
plant life
66
coniferous
trees that are evergreen and produce cones, unlike deciduous trees, which loose their leaves in winter
67
prairies
flat grasslands in Canada and northern USA
68
paddy fields
fields with rice growing in water
69
cereals
type of grass cultivated to produce a grain, e.g. food plant like rice, wheat or maize
70
tend
take care of
71
developed
with a modern, industrial economy
72
manufacturing
producing goods in large numbers
73
at the forefront
in an important position
74
generates
produces/creates
75
developing
describes a country that is poor and does not have a modern , industrial economy
76
are descended from
are related to someone who lived in the past
77
indigenous
existing natural in that place
78
ancestors
relatives from earlier times; we are ancestors' descendants
79
migrants
people who move to live in another country or another part of their own country
80
emigrant
someone who leaves their country
81
immigrant
is someone who moves to live in a country
82
settled
made their homes
83
chilly
cold
84
freezing
cold
85
nippy
cold
86
boiling
hot
87
sweltering
hot
88
roasting
hot
89
blowy
windy
90
breezy
windy
91
stifling
oppressive/sultry
92
heavy
oppressive/sultry
93
close
oppressive/sultry
94
chucking it down
downpour/ deluge
95
it's pouring
downpour/ deluge
96
muggy
humid
97
clammy
humid
98
sticky
humid
99
climate
general atmosphere or situation in society
100
sunny disposition
hardly ever miserable
101
snowed under with work
too much work to do
102
under a cloud
under suspicion or discredited
103
cloud your judgement
to cause someone to be unable to think clearly
104
build something/ someone up
metaphorically to mean to praise someone or something in a way that will increase expectations of them
105
cement
used to fix bricks firmly in place and to make relationships more solid
106
to come up against a brick wall
is used metaphorically, meaning to meet a barrier
107
ceiling
suggest a limit to something
108
glass ceiling
a phrase used to refer to an invisible barrier that stops people, especially women, from rising to top positions at work
109
roof fell in
my world collapsed
110
floor give away
metaphorically when you faint
111
go through the roof
used about prices, meaning to increase rapid, uncontrolled fashion
112
hit the roof
get very anger
113
window of opportunity
chance to do something special
114
window
means an opening
115
goes out (of) the window
it means it departs
116
tower
conveys an idea of distance from ordinary people
117
ivory tower
he/she does not know about the unpleasant and ordinary things that happen in life
118
tower of strength
they are extremely strong (in emotional rather than physical sense)
119
towers above
they are either outstandingly tall or outstanding in some other positive way
120
be a gateway to
give an opportunity
121
closed/shut doors
no opportunity
122
opens doors
give an opportunity
123
through/by the back door
suggest doing it unofficially
124
behind closed doors
suggest secrecy; no one knows exactly why it was made
125
provide/ hold the key to
to suggest the importance of something
126
seed(s)
often used to talk about the start of an idea or feeling
127
root(s)
suggests the origin of something
128
going back to your roots
going back to the place where your family came from
129
putting down roots
settling down and making your home in one place
130
take root
when an idea get known or accepted
131
grassroots supporters
an organisation or society are the ordinary people in it
132
stem
used as a verb to signify that something originates in something else
133
nipped in the bud
flower before it opens; stopped before it develops into something
134
budding
showing promise of future development
135
a branch
is something that grows off
136
weed out
get rid off
137
prune back
cut/limit
138
is reaping the rewards
is getting results from
139
reaping what we sowed
experiencing the logical results of our actions
140
have dug up
have discovered
141
was germinating
was beginning to develop
142
have been sprouting up
have been appearing quickly in large numbers
143
is flourishing
is doing very well
144
green shoots
first signs that the economy is improving
145
sheds
loses
146
thrive
grow/develop well an successfully
147
fade
becoming smaller
148
wither
becoming smaller
149
shrivel
becoming smaller
150
wilt
becoming smaller/ lose energy
151
fading
becoming smaller
152
shrivelled
become less
153
glance
make the recipient feel scorned
154
look
make the recipient feel scorned
155
remark
make the recipient feel scorned
156
wither
make the recipient feel scorned
157
mammal
animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs
158
marsupial
kangaroo kind of mammal, young grow in a pouch in front of the mother
159
rodent
mouse, rat
160
reptile
snake, lizard
161
carnivore
animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat
162
herbivore
animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively grass/vegetation
163
predator
animal that eats/hunts other animals
164
scavenger
animal that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself
165
warm/cold-blooded
warm-blooded animals have temperatures that stay the same; cold-blooded animals have to control their temperature by taking heat from outside or by being very active
166
docile
behaves very gentle
167
tame
not afraid of humans
168
domesticated
live with or used by humans
169
wild
opposite of domesticated
170
savage
extremely violent or wild
171
fierce
behaves aggressively
172
natural habbitat
preferred natural place for living and breeding
173
migration
when animals travel long distances to get a different habitat
174
dodo
large flightless bird which was found on one island in the Indian ocean
175
became instinct
died out
176
game reserves/ parks
area of lands where animals are protected from hunting
177
bird sanctuary
protected natural area where birds can live and breed
178
animal shelter
place where stray cats and dogs; pets that have lost their home, are given food and place to live
179
blood sports
sports whose purpose it is to kill or injure animals
180
the fur trade
the selling of animal furs for coats
181
poachers
people who hunt animals illegally
182
the ivory trade
the buying and selling of ivory the elephants' tusks
183
animal rights activists
people who actively campaign for the protection and rights of animals
184
horn
hard, pointed, often curved part growing from the head of an animal
185
shrinking habitats
places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size
186
biodiversity
variety of different types of biological species
187
endangered spieces
types of animals/plants which are in danger of no longer existing
188
climate change sceptics
people who do not believe that climate change is a serious issue
189
global warming
steady rise in average world temperatures
190
carbon (dioxide) emissions
carbon dioxide gas from factories, cars etc
191
fossil fuels
coals, oil etc
192
greenhouse effect
warming of the Earth's surface caused by pollution, where gases trap and redirect heat back down to the Earth's surface
193
exerts severe pressure on
puts greats pressure on
194
finite resources
limited resources that will eventually run out / be exhausted
195
ecological balance
balance of natural relationships om the environment
196
uncontrolled deforestation
unrestricted destruction/ clearing of forests
197
demographic projections
forecasts about the population
198
grow exponentially
grow extremely rapidly
199
depleting resources
resources that are reducing
200
waste disposal
getting rid of waste
201
toxic waste
poisonous waste materials
202
contaminating
poising (someting)
203
precious commodity
very valuable substance
204
water security
ability to ensure that a population has safe drinking water
205
the worst-case scenarios
the worst possibilities for the future
206
pristine evironments
perfectly clean/ untouched/ unspoiled areas
207
green credentials
reputation for positive support of the environment and for making policies that reflect this
208
prophets of doom and gloom
people who always make the most depressing or pessimistic predictions about the future
209
sustainable development
development of industry, etc. which does not damage the environment or social and economic stability, and which can continue over a period of time
210
renewable energy
energy produced using the sun, wint or crops rather than coal or other fuels which cannot be replaced once used
211
prompt
quick, without delay
212
query
question or enquiry
213
responsive to
they listen, take things seriously and act
214
accommodating
willing to understand and help
215
got back to
called (or wrote) with an answer
216
impeccable
100% perfect
217
obliging
willing and happy to do things for someone
218
incompetent
failing through insufficient skill, knowledge or training
219
impersonal
lacking a personal element or feeling of human warmth
220
shoddy
poor quality
221
substandard
below the standard expected
222
uncooperative
not supportive, unwilling to work together
223
backlog
number which are waiting to be dealt with
224
sense of urgency
feeling that your request is important or urgent
225
helpline
telephone number where you can get help if you have a problem
226
put you on hold
make you wait
227
under guarantee/warranty
having a written promise by a company to repair or replace a faulty product
228
secure site
web address where no outside person can read your details
229
set up an account
enter all details necessary to open an account
230
privacy policy
set of rules to make sure your account is private
231
secure transactions
business exchanges which protect e.g. your credit card from use by someone else
232
availability
whether they can supply something
233
home page
main or first page of a website
234
FAQ
frequently asked questions
235
site index
look at the list of goods/services offered before buying
236
immediate dispatch
goods will be send at once
237
nationwide
covering the whole country
238
track
follow
239
in-store
in a real shop
240
landing card
form with your personal details and date of arrival
241
customs declaration form
form showing how much money and what goods you are carrying
242
vaccination certificate
paper proving you have had the necessary health injections
243
entry regulations
rules about who can enter a country and for how long
244
facial recognition technology
computer application that can automatically identify a person from a visual image
245
spot checks
checks done as a sample, rather than checking everyone or everything
246
banned or restricted goods
items that are forbidden or only permitted in specified quantities
247
allowance
amount permitted by law
248
sniffer/detector dogs
specially trained dogs who locate specific items using their smell
249
detect
find something hidden
250
clear customs
successfully get through baggage checking
251
port of entry
the port or airport where you first enter a country
252
refugees
people who have escaped from their own country for political reasons
253
claim assylum
to request permission to stay in another country to avoid persecution back home
254
persecution
cruel treatment because of race, religion or political beliefs
255
enforce
make people obey
256
stop and search
belief that something may be the case
257
suspicion
belief that something may be the case
258
search warrant
official permission from a judge or magistrate to search a home
259
exceeding the speed limit
going faster than the permitted speed
260
traffic wardens
people whose job it is to make sure drivers do not leave their cars where it is not allowed
261
CCTV
closed-circuit television, television system sending signals to a limited number of screens
262
security forces
often a name for the army and police working together
263
plain-clothes police
police who do not wear a uniform
264
undercover police
police who are working secretly, using a false identity
265
drug squad
police specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade
266
anti-corruption squad
police specially trained to discover and fight bribery/corruption
267
bribery/corruption
dishonest behaviour usually involving using money illegally to gain favours
268
cybercrime
computer crime, cyberterrorism/cyberwarfare
269
phishing
tricking people on the internet to give up personal information, particularly back account details
270
adherent of
a person who supports a particular idea or party
271
concert to
someone has taken on a new set of beliefs
272
fanatic
(disapproving) someone with a very strong belief that something is great
273
radical
someone who believes there should be extreme change, often political
274
reactionary
(disapproving) someone opposed to change to new ideas
275
eradicate
abolish or get rid of
276
tenet
a principle on which a belief is based
277
proponents
person who publicity supports an opinion
278
derive from
have their origins in
279
civil disobedience
when a group of people express disapproval of laws by refusing to obey them
280
viewpoint/ point of view
way of thinking about a situation
281
credible
believable
282
incredulous
not wanting or able to believe something
283
gullible
easily tricked into believing things that may not be true
284
subjective
influenced bu beliefs or feelings rather than facts
285
plausible
convincing
286
attribute to
consider something to be caused or created by
287
presume
believe something to be true although you are not totally certain
288
give her the benefit of the doubt
accept that someone is telling the truth even though it is not certain
289
take with a pinch of salt
do not totally believe what you are told
290
celebrations
verb: is celebrated/ celebrates adjective: celebratory
291
festival/ festivities
adjective: festive
292
parade
verb: paraded
293
spectacle
adjective: spectactular
294
feast
verb: feasting
295
ceremonies
adjective: ceremonial
296
renewal
verb: renews adjective: renewed
297
superstitious
have illogical beliefs about hidden forces in nature
298
centenary/bi-centenary
100th anniversary/200th anniversary
299
flamboyant
extremely colourful and exaggerated
300
raucous
very noisy
301
traced back to pagan times
its origin may be found in, the times when people believed that nature had special powers
302
sombre
serious, heavy and sad
303
atmospheric
has a special feeling or atmosphere
304
commemorates
respects and remembers officially
305
syntax
the grammar and word order
306
modality
meaning such as possibility and necessity
307
modal verbs
must, could, should
308
phonology
the sound system, pronunciation and intonation
309
phonemes
different sounds that distinguish meanings
310
diphthongs
sounds made by combining vowels
311
lexicon
specialised term for vocabulary
312
orthography
specialised term for writing systems and spelling
313
characters
letters or symbols
314
pictograms
characters representing pictures
315
ideograms
characters representing ideas/concepts
316
morphology
how words are formed
317
morphemes
unthinkable 3. un, think, able. units of meaning
318
polysemous
they have a number of different meanings
319
context
the language or situation around it
320
metaphorical
not literal
321
usage
the way words are used
322
obsolete
fall out of use
323
coined
use of words, created
324
registers
style of language used in a particular situation
325
jargon
a specific type of language that is used by a particular group of people sharing a job or interest
326
articulate
able to express their ideas clearly in words
327
eloquent
able to express ideas or opinions clearly, in a way to influence others
328
succinct
clearly and using few words
329
mot juste
French for 'correct word' exactly right word or phrase for a particular situation
330
inarticulate
unable to express their ideas clearly in words
331
speechless/lost for words
you are so surprised that you are unable to say anything
332
put your foot in it
you say something without thinking carefully and may upset or embarrass someone
