Vocabulary

Question 1

Iconic

Answer 1

representation, of the church, an object, etc

Question 2

Convention

Answer 2

traditions followed to communicate to the viewer quickly and clearly. often includes religious figures. ex- Mary wears blue.

Question 3

Fresco

Answer 3

Type of painting done on a wall using water and pigment onto wet plaster.

Question 4

Tempera

Answer 4

widely available commercial paint.

Question 5

Illustrated Manuscript

Answer 5

Bible decorated with borders, illustrations and color. intended for individual or personal use.

Question 6

Triptych

Answer 6

set of three panels of art painted and set side by side. often with similar subjects.

Question 7

Oil painting

Answer 7

act of using oil based paint to paint.

Question 8

Altarpiece

Answer 8

piece painted typically in oil paints with religious references. Used as an altarpiece in a church.

Question 9

Donors

Answer 9

person who donates money to the artist for a work.

Question 10

Classical

Answer 10

of or relating to the greek and roman art

Question 11

Humanism

Answer 11

Belief that man is the center of the universe and in control. Geometry and symmetry is important. Not depicting a believable human body.

Question 12

Lost-wax casting

Answer 12

Process by which multiple bronze (or silver, gold, etc) sculptures are cast from an original sculpture.

Question 13

Gilt-bronze

Answer 13

Term for when finely ground, high-carat gold is applied to a bronze sculpture.

Question 14

Contraposto

Answer 14

Italian for counter balance; when a subject is leaning on one leg rather than standing straight. Seen in sculptures and paintings.

Question 15

Bas-relief

Answer 15

Sculpture technique in which the subjects are barely more prominent than the (overall flat) background.

Question 16

Linear Perspective

Answer 16

Means for creating perspective in a painting. creates the illusion of space and distance on a 2d surface through the use of a horizon/vanishing point.

Question 17

Vanishing point

Answer 17

The point in linear perspective where two receding parallel lines appear to converge.

Question 18

Atmospheric Perspective

Answer 18

use of color and shading to create realistic images in a 2d piece. Foreground being brown, middle-ground green, background blue. Colors fade as they get farther away.

Question 19

Medici

Answer 19

very wealthy family in Italy who commissioned many paintings

Question 20

Foreshortening

Answer 20

made an object smaller or distorted to convey the illusion of 3d space.

Question 21

Trompe l’œil

Answer 21

meaning “trick of the eye” in french, uses realistic imagery to create an optical illusion.

Question 22

Chiaroscuro

Answer 22

Painting technique in which there is strong contrast between light and dark.

Question 23

sfumato

Answer 23

Chiaroscuro technique in which the painting looks almost smoky. without lines or borders.

Question 24

Painterly

Answer 24

painting technique in which artists focus more on visible brushstrokes, complementary and contrasting colors, applied in a less than controlled manner, opposite of linear, not following drawn out lines.

Question 25

Impasto

Answer 25

technique in which paint is thickly applied to the surface, and when dry provides texture to the canvas. Brushstrokes are often visible.

Question 26

Palladian Window

Answer 26

style of architecture in which a central light with a semicircle arch rests above two pilasters. Ex: Villa Rotonda

Question 27

Engraving

Answer 27

practice of carving a design into a hard, usually flat surface, which is then used to print for artist advertising. Ex: Adam and Eve

Question 28

Tenebrism

Answer 28

extreme chiaroscuro, used to tell a story, bright whites and very dark blacks. Ex: The Calling of St. Matthew

Question 29

Bel Composto

Answer 29

"Beautiful Composition" painting, sculpture and architecture that flows nicely and blends together. Ex: Coronaro Chapel

Question 30

Paragone

Answer 30

Competition or comparison between artists for the more powerful work of art Ex: David by Bernini vs. David by Michelangelo

Question 31

Polychrome

Answer 31

Practice of decorating architecture, sculptures etc, with colors. Ex: St. John of the Cross.

Question 32

Mansard Roof

Answer 32

Four-sided roof with windows allowing for extra habitable space. Ex: Palace of Versailles

Question 33

Etching

Answer 33

process of using strong acid to cut into unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design.

Question 34

Genre Painting

Answer 34

Painting of everyday life. People doing everyday activities. | Ex: The Bean Eater

Question 35

Camera obscura

Answer 35

Practice of using a pinhole camera to reflect light and trace the outline before painting it.

Question 36

fête-galante

Answer 36

Category of painting meaning "elegant party" in which the subjects are dressed well and disporting themselves in parkland settings.

Question 37

Neo-classicism

Answer 37

western art movements that draw from classical art and culture. landscape must suggest that nature is superior, no emotions, everything must have a purpose, everything is perfect.

Question 38

Salon

Answer 38

Art exhibits (Salon de Paris in France) that display elite artist's works of art.

Question 39

Sublime

Answer 39

very beautiful, awe-inspiring, or incapable of comprehending. Ex: Nature

Question 40

Orientalism

Answer 40

The belief that anything beyond Europe was "oriental". The women were said to be more beautiful, but less morally developed.

Question 41

Academic art

Answer 41

Art influenced and structured by academies. artists taught by french academies following their instruction.

Question 42

Realism/Naturalism

Answer 42

representing subject matter truthfully, may emphasize the ugly, and avoids stylization.

Question 43

Daguerreotype

Answer 43

The first publically announced photography process

Question 44

Salon des Refusés

Answer 44

Art gallery in which all rejected (or those not conventional) artists placed their artwork.

Question 45

Impressionism

Answer 45

style in which there are unusual visual angles, visible brushstrokes, open composition with ordinary subject matter.

Question 46

Optical Color

Answer 46

when the eyes blend together colors next to each other to create a new color

Question 47

Complementary color

Answer 47

a color that is opposite of another on the color wheel. e.g: red- green, yellow- purple

Question 48

Pointillism

Answer 48

art technique in which dots of color are closely applied and the eye perceives them as the different colors mixed.

Question 49

Lithography

Answer 49

method of printing using etching and acid onto metal or lithographic limestone to print a piece of art.

Question 50

Abstraction

Answer 50

trend in art attempting to break away from traditional representation of physical objects

Question 51

Fauvism

Answer 51

art movement based out of France that placed emphasis on painterly qualities, and strong, unnatural vivid colors

Question 52

Collage

Answer 52

technique in which an assemblage of various items, and mediums are combined to make a new whole

Question 53

Cubism

Answer 53

art movement that looked at objects from more than one perspective and analyzed and re-assembled it in an abstracted form.

Question 54

nonrepresentational

Answer 54

type of art like abstraction in which it is not meant to represent a physical object in reality

Question 55

Dada

Answer 55

art movement started by duchamp that rejects every traditional aspect of art including materials, school of thoughts and ideas. purpose was to create something so shocking and new. Iconoclastic, destroying everything that art used to be.

Question 56

readymade

Answer 56

Changing the purpose of something that already exists so that it is seen as a piece of art. e.g- Duchamp's fountain is a urinal turned upside down.

Question 57

Suprematism

Answer 57

art movement in russia inspired by malevich that sees colors as purely aesthetic and concerned only with form free from any political or social meaning. squares, circles and crosses are seen

Question 58

Neo-plasticism

Answer 58

Term coined by Mondrain in which Neo-plasticism applies to all aspects of design that were part of daily life. natural shapes were reduced to only horizontal and vertical lines and some color.

Question 59

Mobile

Answer 59

form of kinetic sculpture drawn from calder's work. now seen in children's nursery's.

Question 60

Surrealism

Answer 60

art movement interested in the dream world, and its relation to real life. goes against tradition, and believes that art or writing shouldn't be controlled by any kind of tradition or previous art.

Question 61

Sigmund Freud; Psychoanalysis

Answer 61

psychologist who studied the interaction of dreams and reality. Uses dream interpretation.

Question 62

International Style

Answer 62

style of architecture involving wide open spaces, use of modern materials such as plate glass and steel, and devoid of ornamentation.

Question 63

Prairie Style

Answer 63

architecture with low lying floor plans, and horizontal planes.

Question 64

Abstract Expressionism

Answer 64

large scale, non-representational works. lacking in subject matter.

Question 65

Action Painting

Answer 65

drip painting, and the movement of his art process

Question 66

Color field painting

Answer 66

large expanses of a solid color that cover a major part of the canvas

Question 67

Combine

Answer 67

incorporating various objects to be used as a canvas. hybrid between a painting and a sculpture

Question 68

Pop Art

Answer 68

art that comments, pokes fun and responds to current events

Question 69

Conceptual art

Answer 69

celebrates that art can be an idea and not necessarily tangible

Question 70

Environmental art

Answer 70

art placed outside of the gallery, intended to be changed by their environment.

Question 71

Feminism

Answer 71

art and social movement by Judy Chicago emphasizing the equality of all genders

Question 72

Banal

Answer 72

lacking so much in originality that it's mundane and boring.