Vocabulary

Question 1

part of the arthropod’s body that is behind the thorax.

Answer 1

abdomen

Question 2

nonliving factor in an ecosystem, such as moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight, soil, and minerals.

Answer 2

abiotic

Question 3

four common blood types (A, B, AB, O) and the protein markers that distinguish them.

Answer 3

ABO blood group

Question 4

process by which nutrients move out of one system and into another.

Answer 4

absorption

Question 5

depth of the ocean that lies below 2000 meters and is in complete darkness.

Answer 5

abyssal zone

Question 6

compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution.

Answer 6

acid

Question 7

precipitation produced when pollutants in the atmosphere cause the pH of rain the decrease.

Answer 7

acid rain

Question 8

condition characterized by having several infections and very few T cells.

Answer 8

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS)

Question 9

filament that is pulled by myosin filaments to cause muscle contractions.

Answer 9

actin

Question 10

fast, moving change in electrical charge across a neuron’s membrane; also called an impulse.

Answer 10

action potential

Question 11

energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction.

Answer 11

activation energy

Question 12

immunity that occurs after the body responds to an antigen.

Answer 12

active immunity

Question 13

energy-requiring movement of molecules across a region of a lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

Answer 13

active transport

Question 14

inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment.

Answer 14

adaption

Question 15

process by which one species evolves and gives rise to many descendant species that occupy different ecological niches.

Answer 15

adaptive radiation

Question 16

uncontrollable physical and mental need for something.

Answer 16

addiction

Question 17

low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP.

Answer 17

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Question 18

high-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use.

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 19

attraction between molecules of different substances.

Answer 19

adhesion

Question 20

period of life beginning at puberty and ending at adulthood.

Answer 20

adolescence

Question 21

period of life when a person is fully developed and physical growth stops.

Answer 21

adulthood

Question 22

process that required oxygen to occur.

Answer 22

aerobic

Question 23

surface, such as a bird’s wing, whose shape moves air faster over the top than underneath it, allowing for flight.

Answer 23

airfoil

Question 24

air-filled space that connects a bird’s lung, aiding in breathing.

Answer 24

air sac

Question 25

photosynthetic plantlike protists.

Answer 25

algae

Question 26

chemical produced by plants that contains nitrogen, many of which are used in medicines.

Answer 26

alkaloid

Question 27

any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome.

Answer 27

allele

Question 28

proportion of one allele, compared with all the alleles for that trait, in the gene pool.

Answer 28

allele frequency

Question 29

antigen that does not cause disease but still produces an immune response.

Answer 29

allergen

Question 30

immune response that occurs when the body responds to a nondisease-causing antigen, such as pollen or animal dander.

Answer 30

allergy

Question 31

plant life cycle in which the plant alternates between haploid and diploid phases.

Answer 31

alternation of generations

Question 32

behavior in which an animal reduces its own fitness to help the other members of its social group.

Answer 32

altruism

Question 33

tiny, thin-walled structure across which oxygen gas is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released in the lungs.

Answer 33

alveolus

Question 34

molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes argon.

Answer 34

amino acid

Question 35

vertebrate whose embryo or fetus is enclosed by a thin, tough, membranous sac.

Answer 35

amniote

Question 36

waterproof container that allows an embryo to develop out of water and externally from the mother without drying out.

Answer 36

amniotic egg

Question 37

fluid-filled organ that cushions and protects the developing embryo of some vertebrates.

Answer 37

amniotic sac

Question 38

vertebrate that can live on land and in water.

Answer 38

amphibian

Question 39

process that does not require oxygen to occur.

Answer 39

anaerobic

Question 40

body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different.

Answer 40

analogous structure

Question 41

third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 41

anaphase

Question 42

severe allergic reaction that causes airways to tighten and blood vessels to leak.

Answer 42

anaphylaxis

Question 43

seed plant whose embryos are enclose by fruit.

Answer 43

angiosperm

Question 44

humanlike primate

Answer 44

anthropoid

Question 45

chemical that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.

Answer 45

antibiotic

Question 46

process by which bacteria mutate so they are no longer affected by an antibiotic.

Answer 46

antibiotic resistance

Question 47

protein produced by B cells that aid in the destruction of pathogens.

Answer 47

antibody

Question 48

set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation.

Answer 48

anticodon

Question 49

protein marker that helps the immune system identify foreign particles.

Answer 49

antigen

Question 50

chemical, such as soap, vinegar, or rubbing alcohol, that destroys pathogens outside of the body.

Answer 50

antiseptic

Question 51

programmed cell death

Answer 51

apoptosis

Question 52

extension, such as antenna or arm, that is attached to the body.

Answer 52

appendicular skeleton

Question 53

terrestrial chelicerate, such as a spider

Answer 53

arachnid

Question 54

one of the three domains of life, containing single-celled prokaryote in the kingdom Archaea.

Answer 54

Archaea

Question 55

large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 55

artery

Question 56

invertebrate with an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a segmented body.

Answer 56

arthropod

Question 57

process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits.

Answer 57

artificial selection

Question 58

process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes.

Answer 58

asexual reproduction

Question 59

condition in which air pathways in the lungs constrict, making breathing difficult.

Answer 59

asthma

Question 60

air blanketing Earth's solid surface.

Answer 60

atmosphere

Question 61

smallest basic unit of matter

Answer 61

atom

Question 62

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

Answer 62

ATP synthase

Question 63

small chamber in the human heart that receives blood from the veins.

Answer 63

atrium

Question 64

division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions.

Answer 64

autonomic nervous system

Question 65

chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism.

Answer 65

autosome

Question 66

organisms that obtains energy through abiotic sources, such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals.

Answer 66

autotroph

Question 67

plant hormone that stimulates the lengthening of cells in the growing tip.

Answer 67

auxin

Question 68

part of the skeletal system that supports that body's weight and protects the body's internal tissues; includes the bones of the skull, spinal column, and rib cage.

Answer 68

axial skeleton

Question 69

long extension of the neuron membrane that carries impulses from one neuron to another.

Answer 69

axon

Question 70

one of the three domains of life, containing single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom of Bacteria.

Answer 70

Bacteria

Question 71

virus that infects bacteria.

Answer 71

bacteriophage

Question 72

organism that is within the kingdom Bacteria

Answer 72

bacterium

Question 73

compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution.

Answer 73

base

Question 74

rules that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA (A to T and C to G)

Answer 74

base pairing rules