Vocabulary

Question 1

16:astrolabe

Answer 1

an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant. In its basic form (known from classical times), it consists of a disk with the edge marked in degrees and a pivoted pointer.

Question 2

17:Mecca

Answer 2

Mecca is defined as a city in Saudi Arabia that Muslims consider to be a holy city in Islam, or any place that is the center of an activity and attracts many visitors with a similar interest.

Question 3

18:medina

Answer 3

the old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town.

Question 4

19:the five pillars

Answer 4

the five bases of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting, especially during the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca). Expand. Also called Pillars of the Faith. Compare din2, ibada. Contemporary definitions for Pillars of Islam Expand.

Question 5

20:kadijah

Answer 5

Khadija (Khadeeja) (Arabic: خديجة‎‎) is a feminine (female) given name, the name of Khadija bint Khuwaylid, first wife of Muhammad. Together with Fatima, it is one of the most popular female names among Muslims. Hatice is the Turkish equivalent.

Question 6

21:hadith

Answer 6

a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.
one of the sayings from the Hadith.

Question 7

22:ulama

Answer 7

a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.

Question 8

23:caliphate

Answer 8

A caliphate is an Islamic state. It’s led by a caliph, who is a political and religious leader who is a successor (caliph) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His power and authority is absolute.

Question 9

24:ummayad

Answer 9

member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from AD 660 (or 661) to 750 and Moorish Spain from 756 to 1031. The dynasty claimed descent from Umayya, a distant relative of Muhammad.

Question 10

25:Abbasid

Answer 10

a member of the Abbasid dynasty.

Question 11

26:Baghdad

Answer 11

Baghdad definition. Capital of Iraq, located in central Iraq on both banks of the Tigris River. Note: Baghdad has long been one of the great cities of the Muslim world. Note: It was bombed heavily during the Persian Gulf War.

Question 12

27:dowry

Answer 12

property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.

Question 13

28:harem

Answer 13

(in former times) the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants.

Question 14

29:translation movement

Answer 14

Translational motion is the motion by which a body shifts from one point in space to another. One example of translational motion is the the motion of a bullet fired from a gun. An object has a rectilinear motion when it moves along a straight line.

Question 15

1.sheik

Answer 15

an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village.

Question 16

2:quran

Answer 16

the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras ; the first sura is said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of doctrine, social organization, and legislation.

Question 17

3:islam

Answer 17

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.

Question 18

4:hijrah

Answer 18

The Hegira or Hijrah (Arabic: هِجْرَة‎‎), also romanized as Hijra and Hejira, is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in 622 CE.

Question 19

5: haj

Answer 19

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

Question 20

6:bedouin

Answer 20

a nomadic Arab of the desert.

Question 21

7:jihad

Answer 21

(among Muslims) a war or struggle against unbelievers.
ISLAM
the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
noun: jehad; plural noun: jehads

Question 22

8:mosque

Answer 22

a Muslim place of worship.

Question 23

9:Muhammad

Answer 23

Muhammad (Arabic: محمد‎‎) is the primary transliteration of the Arabic given name, مُحَمَّد‎, from the triconsonantal root of Ḥ-M-D; Praise and becomes conjugated to Muhammad, which means “The Most Praised One”. It is the name of the Islamic prophet.

Question 24

10: abu bakr

Answer 24

Abu Bakr (Arabic: أبو بكر ‎‎) was a sahabah, one of the companions of Muhammad and the first Caliph of Sunni Islam. He was also father-in-law of Muhammad through Aisha. His real name was Abdullah or Abul-Kaaba and Abu Bakr was his kunya. The name is widely used by Sunni Muslims.

Question 25

11:mu’awiyah

Answer 25

Mu’āwīyya or Muawiyah or Muaawiya (معاوية) is a male Arabic given name of disputed meaning. It was the name of the first Umayyad caliph. Notable bearers of this name include: Muawiyah I (602–680), first Umayyad Caliph (r. 661–680) Muawiya II (661–684), third Umayyad Caliph (r. 683–684)

Question 26

12:Sunni

Answer 26

one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.

Question 27

13:shiite

Answer 27

an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.

Question 28

14:Caliph

Answer 28

the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.

Question 29

15:the moors

Answer 29

a member of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in Granada at the end of the 15th century.