Vocabulary

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

Scientific study of society and human behavior

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

Group of people who share a culture and territory

Question 3

Social Darwinism

Answer 3

Survival of the fittest in society

Question 4

Bourgeoisie

Answer 4

The capitalist class

Question 5

Social facts

Answer 5

A groups patterns/behaviors that hold true each year

Question 6

Applied sociology

Answer 6

Sociology applied in the outside world using the scientific method- not in the classroom

Question 7

Grand theory

Answer 7

Detailed abstract models of how the complex parts of society harmoniously function together- they’re universally applicable

Question 8

Conflict theory

Answer 8

Society is composed of groups that compete with each other for scarce resources. Bourgeoisie and proletariat are naturally at odds. Can change when the lower classes bond together and overpower the ruling class

Question 9

Function

Answer 9

Beneficial consequence of people’s actions

Question 10

Dysfunction

Answer 10

Consequences that are harmful to society

Question 11

Manifest function

Answer 11

Intended

Question 12

Latent function

Answer 12

Unintended

Question 13

Functional Analysis

Answer 13

Theory that looks at society as a whole unit made up on interrelated parts that work together. Each has its own function. Each part must work in harmony. A change in one causes repercussions through other parts of society

Question 14

Sociological perspective/imagination

Answer 14

Understanding human behavior by placing it with its broader social context

Question 15

Proletariat

Answer 15

The lower/working class

Question 16

Social integration

Answer 16

The degree to which people are connected with each other

Question 17

Protestant Ethic

Answer 17

Living frugally and saving in order to invest in ones capital and make more money

Question 18

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 18

Theory that looks at the meaning we attach to things: how we view something- the preconceived notions we have about things

Question 19

Macro level analysis

Answer 19

Examines large scale patterns in society: relationships among parts of society

Question 20

Micro level analysis

Answer 20

Small scale patterns in society: face to face interaction

Question 21

Hypothesis

Answer 21

Educated guess: statement of what you expect to find

Question 22

Structured interview

Answer 22

Uses close ended questions with a list of possible answers

Question 23

Variable

Answer 23

A factor thought to be significant. Independent and dependent- can change from one case to another

Question 24

Operational definition

Answer 24

Precise way to measure variables

Question 25

Survey

Answer 25

Series of questions

Question 26

Correlation

Answer 26

Strength of relationship between variables

Question 27

Mean

Answer 27

Average

Question 28

Median

Answer 28

Number in the middle

Question 29

Mode

Answer 29

Number that occurs most often

Question 30

Reliability

Answer 30

Extent the research produces consistent results

Question 31

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 31

Change in behavior that occurs when people know they're being studied

Question 32

Interviewer bias

Answer 32

Partiality towards a preconceived response- can influence respondents

Question 33

Unstructured interview

Answer 33

Uses open ended questions for people to answer in their own words

Question 34

Participant observation

Answer 34

(Field work) researcher participates in the research setting which observing what is happening there

Question 35

Experimental group

Answer 35

Group that gets messed with- independent variable

Question 36

Control group

Answer 36

Not messed with

Question 37

Qualitative

Answer 37

Observing, describing, interpreting

Question 38

Quantitative

Answer 38

Statistics, numbers, measures

Question 39

Validity

Answer 39

Extent which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure

Question 40

Plagiarism

Answer 40

Claiming someone else's work as your own

Question 41

Sample

Answer 41

Individuals in your target population for study- must represent entire population

Question 42

Random sample

Answer 42

Everyone in target group has same chance of being included

Question 43

Culture

Answer 43

Totality of learned/socially transmitted values, beliefs, norms, language, behavior, customs, knowledge and material objects from one generation to the next

Question 44

Material culture

Answer 44

Material objects that distinguish a group of people

Question 45

Non material culture

Answer 45

A groups ways of thinking and doing

Question 46

4 types of symbolic culture

Answer 46

Gestures, language, values/norms/sanctions, folkways/mores/taboos

Question 47

Moral imperative

Answer 47

Strongly felt principle that compels a person to act

Question 48

Culture shock

Answer 48

Disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can longer depend on their assumptions about life

Question 49

Ethnocentrism

Answer 49

Using ones own culture to measure and judge another culture

Question 50

Cultural relativism

Answer 50

Trying to understand a culture on its own terms rather than judge it

Question 51

Value

Answer 51

Ideas of what is desirable in life and standards to define good and bad

Question 52

Norm

Answer 52

Rules of behavior that reflect and enforce values

Question 53

Sanction

Answer 53

Expressions of approval or disapproval given for upholding or violating norms

Question 54

Moral holiday

Answer 54

Time when norms are relaxed by society allowing temporary deviant behavior

Question 55

Folkways

Answer 55

Norm that isn't strictly enforced- just annoyed if not followed

Question 56

Mores

Answer 56

Norms that ARE strictly enforced because they are essential to core values or well being of the group (usually crimes)

Question 57

Taboo

Answer 57

Norm so strong that it causes revulsion when violated

Question 58

Subculture

Answer 58

Group with a culture inside the larger culture

Question 59

Counterculture

Answer 59

Group whose values and beliefs place it in opposition to the larger group

Question 60

Pluralistic society

Answer 60

Made up of many different groups

Question 61

Value contradiction

Answer 61

To follow one value means to be in conflict with another

Question 62

Value cluster

Answer 62

Values that together form a larger whole

Question 63

Ideal vs real culture

Answer 63

Ideal is ideas values and beliefs Real is what we actually do

Question 64

Cultural lag

Answer 64

Human behavior lags behind technological advancements- not all culture changes at the same time

Question 65

Cultural diffusion

Answer 65

Spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another

Question 66

Culture war

Answer 66

Polarization of society over controversial issues

Question 67

Sociobiology

Answer 67

Our actions are based on genetic inheritance