Vocabulary Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an allele?
The different versions of a gene for a characteristic
What is a dominant allele?
The expressed allele when only one of two of the alleles is expressed in the phenotype
What is genetics?
The science of heredity; Mendel’s theory formed the basis of genetics
What is a genotype?
The alleles an individual inherits
What is a heterozygote?
An organism with two different alleles (Bb)
What is a homozygote?
An organism with two alleles of the same type (BB or bb)
What is a hybrid?
The offspring that result from a cross
What is the law of independent assortment?
States the factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other
What is the law of segregation?
States that there are two factors controlling a given characteristic, one which dominates the other, and these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent produces
What is a locus?
The position of a gene on a chromosome
What is a phenotype?
The expression of an organism’s genotype
What is pollen?
Tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants
What is pollination?
The fertilization step in the sexual production of plants
What is a recessive allele?
The allele that isn’t expressed
What is codominance?
When both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote
What is incomplete dominance?
When the dominant allele is not completely dominant
What are multiple alleles?
Ex: blood types
There are three common alleles for the gene that controls this characteristic
What are polygenic characteristics?
Controlled by more than one gene, and each gene may have two or more alleles. May be on the same chromosome or on non-homologous chromosomes
What is probability?
The likelihood of chance that a certain event will occur
What is a punnet square?
A chart that allows you to easily determine the expected percent of different genotypes in the offspring of two parents
