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Government CLEP > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Amendment 25

A

Discusses the succession of the President and Vice President

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2
Q

Amendment 15

A

Guarantees the rights of all men, regardless of color to vote

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3
Q

Amendment 3

A

No one will be forced to house soldiers during peacetime

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4
Q

Amendment 20

A

Deals with specifics of when presidential and congressional terms begin

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5
Q

Amendment 18

A

Prohibits the making, selling and transporting of alcohol

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6
Q

Roe v. Wade covered what issue?

A

Determined that the government can not restrict a woman’s ability to get an abortion after the first trimester

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7
Q

Amendment 23

A

Allows the District of Columbia the right to vote for president

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8
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Having two parties compete for the same power to keep each in line

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9
Q

Lobbyists

A

Paid individuals whose job is to convince Congress members to vote one way or another on bills

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10
Q

Mugwumps

A

Voters who do not identify with any one party

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11
Q

Amendment 1

A

Freedom of

  • Speech
  • Press
  • Religion
  • Assembly
  • Petition the government for a change
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12
Q

Mapp v. Ohio

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained illegally was. It admissible in court
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13
Q

Miranda v. Arizona

A

Stated that individuals who were arrested were supposed to be informed of their Constitutional rights

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14
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A
  1. The Supreme Court declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
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15
Q

Legislative Powers

A

The legislative branch is the sole law making body. They also declare war, impeach the president, and review presidential appointments

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16
Q

Lemon Test

A

A set of requirements addressing legislative actions involving religion

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17
Q

Amendment 6

A

The rights of each citizen to a public trial

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18
Q

Amendment 2

A

Right to bear arms

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19
Q

Browsher v. Synar

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act was unconstitutional because it gave Congress the power to dismiss a member of the executive branch (the Comptroller General) through a process other than impeachment
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20
Q

Executive Powers

A

The power of the executive branch lies with the President. His responsibility is to implement and enforce laws

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21
Q

Bowers v. Hardwick

A
  1. The Supreme Court upheld a law which made even private practice of homosexual acts illegal. The decision was later overturned
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22
Q

Schenck v. United States

A

Limited the right of freedom of speech by stating that those rights did not apply to speech which created a “clear and present danger”

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23
Q

Whips

A

Deputies who hold an administrative position in each of the two main parties

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24
Q

Categorical Grant

A

Money awarded to a specific state by Federal Government with specific provisions and extensive restrictions on how it is to be spent

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25
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that Maryland did not have the right to tax the national bank. This promoted the supremacy of the Federal Government over state governments.
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26
Q

Reapportionment

A

Redistribution of Congressional seats after each census

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27
Q

Amendment 5

A

Protects citizens from behind held without criminal charges, from having to testify against themselves, from being tried for the same crime twice (double jeopardy), and from being of their rights without due process.

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28
Q

Realignment

A

Shifts or changes in public opinion

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29
Q

Soft Money Contributions

A

Money which is donated to political parties for “party building” purposes, often used by candidates to evade hard money limitations

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30
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten Amendments of the US Constitution

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31
Q

Hard Money Contributions

A

Money legally donated to a specific candidate used for the purpose of campaigning. Maximum hard money donations are limited by law.

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32
Q

Comity Clause

A

Explains that citizens of one state have the same rights as citizens of other states

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33
Q

Express powers

A

Powers which are specifically stated or authorized by law

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34
Q

Amendment 19

A

Gives women the right to vote

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35
Q

Elastic Clause

A

Allows Congress to pass laws considered “Necessary and Proper” to perform their responsibilities. Also called the Necessary and Proper Clause

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36
Q

Amendment 7

A

Guarantees the right to a jury trial in all cases involving more than $20

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37
Q

Eminent Domain

A

The power of the government to take private property for public use after providing fair compensation

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38
Q

Amendment 21

A

Repeals Amendment 18 (prohibition)

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39
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

“One man, one vote”

40
Q

Judicial Powers

A

To oversee court systems, interpret the constitution, laws and treaties and apply these interpretations to cases

41
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A
  1. The Supreme Court affirmed that Congress had the right to regulate interstate commerce
42
Q

Amendment 16

A

Gives the government the right to collect income tax

43
Q

Amendment 13

A

Abolished Slavery

44
Q

Amendment 11

A

Prohibits a citizen of one state from suing another state and prevents foreign citizens from suing states

45
Q

Uniformity Clause

A

Declares that al taxes must be uniform throughout the United States

46
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that states are required to provide an attorney in criminal cases where the defendant cannot afford one
47
Q

Amendment 27

A

Places a limit on how often Congress can vote to raise their pay

48
Q

Block Grant

A

Money awarded to a specific state by the Federal Government with general provisions on how it is to be used

49
Q

Federalism

A

A governmental system in which each citizen is subject to two governments. In the United States it’s the Federal and state government

50
Q

Supreme Court

A

Interprets the meaning of the Constitution and applies it to actual situations

51
Q

Amendment 8

A

Protects individuals from “cruel or unusual punishment” and from excessive bail

52
Q

We the People Clause

A

Another name for the Preamble to the Constitution

53
Q

Which office requires the elected to be a natural born citizen?

A

President

54
Q

What are the three branches of government?

A

Legislative, Executive, Judiciary

55
Q

General Welfare Clause

A

Allows Congress to collect taxes for the protection and general welfare of citizens

56
Q

Amendment 12

A

Discusses the election process for President and Vice President

57
Q

Plussy v. Ferguson

A

Supported the idea of “separate but equal” in relation to segregation

58
Q

Amendment 9

A

Explains that even though some rights are not listed in the Constitution that does not mean individuals do not have those rights

59
Q

Lemon v. Kurtzman

A

Established the Lemon Test to which can be used to determine the Constitutionality of acts related to education and religion

60
Q

What was the decision of Roth v. United States?

A

Determined that obscene material is not protected by the First Amendment

61
Q

Lochner v. New York

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that states could not limit hours worked a week because they couldn’t interfere with a persons right to enter into an employment contract
62
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Allows Congress to regulate trade with foreign nations and between individual states

63
Q

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that actual malice must be proved for a printed criticism of a public official to be considered libel
64
Q

Amendment 14

A

Guarantees citizenship for people born in the United States or for people who go through the naturalization process

65
Q

Amendment 22

A

Prevents a president from serving more than two terms

66
Q

Amendment 17

A

Allows for the direct election of Senators

67
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

A 1787 gathering in Independence Hall of representatives from the states which abolished the Articles of Confederation and wrote the Constitution. It created the federal system, three branches of government, two chamber legislation and 3/5 representation of slaves.

68
Q

Federalist papers

A

James Madison
Alexander Hamilton
John Jay

69
Q

Nix v. Hedden

A

Determined that a tomato was classified as a vegetable, not a fruit.

70
Q

Amendment 26

A

Allows people to vote at 18 vice 21

71
Q

Garcia v. San Antonio Transit Authority

A
  1. The Supreme Court affirmed that Congress has the right to impose minimum wage and overtime pay
72
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Power of Judicial Review

73
Q

Establishment Clause

A

Prohibits Congress from passing laws “respecting an establishment of religion”

74
Q

Majority Leader

A

Second or principle deputy to the Speaker of the House

75
Q

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A

Protects individuals from being held without charge

76
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers which a person takes to be implied or allowed due to the express powers they hold

77
Q

Reserved Powers Clause

A

Declare that powers and rights not given to Congress by the Constitution are held by the states and citizens

78
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redrawing voting districts to give one party or person an unfair advantage

79
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

A document passed by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 declaring the Independence of the 13 colonies and creation of the United States

80
Q

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that specified quota requirements based on race are unconstitutional
81
Q

Amendment 10

A

Gives power to the states to deal with anything that is not covered by the Constitution

82
Q

Incumbent

A

A person who currently holds office

83
Q

Litigation

A

The process and legal proceedings of a lawsuit

84
Q

Ferguson v. Skrupa

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that Kansas had the right to determine the legality of “debt adjusting” because its legality was a legislative issue not a judicial one
85
Q

Casework

A

Congressional representatives efforts to help a constituent resolve a problem with the Federal bureaucracy

86
Q

Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff

A
  1. The Supreme Court affirmed the right of eminent domain in cases that would benefit the general public
87
Q

Amendment 24

A

Prohibits the charging of poll tax

88
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

A series of laws passed in the South after the Civil War which promoted segregation and racism

89
Q

Logrolling

A

When two Congress members agree to vote for one another’s unrelated bills

90
Q

Pierce v. Society of Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary

A

Due Process

91
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

Clause in the Constitution which declares that the Constitution and laws made by the Federal Government are the “supreme law of the land.”

92
Q

Amendment 4

A

Protects citizens against “unreasonable searches and seizures”

93
Q

Guarantee Clause

A

Guarantees Republican governments in each state

94
Q

Korematsu v. United States

A
  1. The Supreme Court upheld the government’s right to order Japanese citizens into internment camps during WW II
95
Q

Minority Leader

A

Leader of the party of opposition in the House

96
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A
  1. The Supreme Court ruled that Scott, a slave, had no right to sue in court because he was property

Government CLEP (1 decks)

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